跟读练习: How to Use Writing to Sharpen Your Thinking - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Gonna talk a little bit about how to use writing and why you should use writing to improve your thinking.
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So I would credit much of the success I've had to
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whatever extent I've had success to learning how to write and to practicing writing.
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And the reason for that is
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that without writing it's very hard to freeze your thinking on paper so that you can sharpen it, so that you can see where,
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for instance, using words that aren't well -defined, where you're saying things that don't need to be said all of this will help everything else.
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I remember in college, for instance, when I took a class with John McPhee, an incredibly gifted writer and teacher, all of my grades in every other class went up
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because every extraneous bit of information that was hurting instead of helping me was taken out.
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So to sharpen the saw, a couple of different approaches.
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Number one is write anything, anything whatsoever stream of consciousness essay doesn't really matter let's just
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call it one to three pages something along the lines of morning pages
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and Julia Cameron the artists way popularized this
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and there are a number of folks like Brian Koppelman very
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well known writer screenwriter co -creator of the show billions swears by morning pages
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so that is an easy way to ease into the practice of just moving a pen I recommend freehand
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so that you can see your thinking on paper that accomplishes two things.
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Number one, it takes the anxieties and nebulous worries in your head, puts them down in a freeze frame so
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that you can kind of trap them in the printed form so you can get on with the rest of your day.
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The second thing it does is it allows you to see where you are sharp
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and where you are dull in your thinking.
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Now if you are drafting as I do for instance right now once a week writing, if you are looking for a proofreader and you do need a proofreader, if you can't find a professional writer
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because we can't all find professional writers talk to friends who have any type of legal training
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or you could even hire a lawyer to do this
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or a paralegal someone with a law degree they are trained to look at language very very carefully
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because in a dispute in a negotiation
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and a disagreement arbitration it's gonna come down to the wording of contracts
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and I have found that
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when I do not have access to professional writers it is oftentimes just as good
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or even better to get lawyers or people with legal training to read my writing.
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So that would be a workaround that I accidentally discovered that is very powerful.
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A few things to keep in mind when you are then doing revisions, because writing is in fact rewriting.
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You're gonna vomit out your first one or two pages, and my mantra of sorts, which I borrowed from someone else who is a career ghost writer, is two crappy pages.
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Two crappy pages per day.
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And very often you're going to exceed that and then write more
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but so that you set the game up in a way
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that is winnable two crappy pages is your minimum
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and it can be just brain vomit it can be worthless
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but you gotta get two pages all right once you have
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those two pages you can approach revision in a few different ways
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and you can revise yourself say in three rounds like my friend Neil Strauss who I think has seven
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or eight New York Times best -selling books at this point when he He does his first edit, he edits for himself, all right?
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So he's editing just for his pleasure, for his enjoyment, for what he thinks is good.
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Then the second round of edits, he will edit for his fans, the people he thinks will really love this material.
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The third round is for the critics, the people who try to tear it apart to find little niggly points that they could twist and so on.
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And that can be a helpful framework for revising.
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What I do with proofreaders, and you You can do this also with people who are not trained writers at all, and in fact you should have some lay people,
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so to speak, people who are not writers as a craft.
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Very simply, what I will ask people to do is read and highlight anything, this could be in a Google Doc, a Word doc on paper, that is confusing.
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People can like what you write, they can dislike it, they can love it, they can hate it, but it should not confuse anybody.
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All right, so the first thing I will do is I'll ask people, just highlight anything that is confusing
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or unclear all right that's that's step one anyone can do
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that the next is if you notice your mind wandering
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while you're reading this please note that all right so
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if something is slow
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and maybe it can be taken out note where your mind starts wandering all right the dictum there is
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when in doubt take it out just be like I don't know
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if I should take I don't know if I should keep this
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or not take it out at least as an experiment the other Another question that I pose to proofreaders, because you can train people to be very good proofreaders,
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is the 10 % rule, and it's not really a rule, but a guideline that I like to use.
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So I'll say, please indicate the 10 % I should keep no matter what.
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If there is 10 % that I should keep no matter what, what is the strongest 10 % like if there's 10 % I have to keep, please indicate that.
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And if I had to cut 10 % or even 20 % in some cases, I'll ask people, please indicate what you would cut if you had to cut something,
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even if this is an essay or a blog post that is a page or two long.
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And what you'll find if you approach writing systematically in this way and revision systematically in this way is your cognition,
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your analysis, your awareness of how you use words,
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how you use explanation, how you use questions will become so much sharper that it will transcend
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this type of exercise and begin to positively affect just about everything in your life.
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So for fulfillment, for excitement, for professional success, for personal success,
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I find writing to be arguably the most important practice.
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Good luck.
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Thank you.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“How to Use Writing to Sharpen Your Thinking”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：page, writing, writer, proofreader, edit。 这段视频共有 71 个句子、1105 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:51。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 189 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 84% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| edit 动词 | /ˈɛdɪt/ | 編輯 /编辑 |
| indicate 动词 | /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ | 表明, 表示 |
| revision 名词 | /ɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/ | 復習 /复习 |
| confuse 动词 | /kənˈfjuːz/ | 讓……困惑 /让……困惑 |
| sharp 形容词 | /ʃɑɹp/ | 銳利 /锐利, 尖銳 /尖锐 |
| essay 名词 | /ˈɛs.eɪ/ | 雜文 /杂文, 論文 /论文 |
| highlight 动词 | /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/ | 凸顯 /凸显, 強調 /强调 |
| freeze 动词 | /ˈfɹiːz/ | 凍結 /冻结, 凍 /冻 |
| wander 动词 | /ˈwɑndɚ/ | 漫步, 徘徊 |
| vomit 动词 | /ˈvɑmɪt/ | 嘔吐 /呕吐, 嘔 /呕 |
| extent 名词 | /ɪkˈstɛnt/ | 範圍 /范围 |
| carefully 副词 | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | 小心地 |
| anxiety 名词 | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | 焦慮 /焦虑, 担心 |
| awareness 名词 | /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/ | 意識 /意识, 覺悟 /觉悟 |
| explanation 名词 | /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ | 解釋 /解释, 說明 /说明 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| take out 动词 | 取出 |
| get on with 动词 | 繼續 /继续, 持續 /持续 |
| go up 动词 | 上昇 /上升, 上去 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | be said · was taken · are trained |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | friends who have · people who try · people who are |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | I've had · have found |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 21 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, don't, gonna。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: revision /ɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: systematically /ˌsɪs.təˈmæt.ɪ.kli/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: revision /ɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/, vomit /ˈvɑmɪt/, discover /dɪˈskʌvə/, whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/, positively /ˈpɑ.zɪ.tɪv.li/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: edit /ˈɛdɪt/, indicate /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/, confuse /kənˈfjuːz/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/, highlight /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, arguably /ˈɑɹɡjuəbli/, paralegal /ˌpɛɹəˈliɡ(ə)l/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 edit, indicate, revision 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。