跟讀練習: How to Use Writing to Sharpen Your Thinking - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Gonna talk a little bit about how to use writing and why you should use writing to improve your thinking.

So I would credit much of the success I've had to

whatever extent I've had success to learning how to write and to practicing writing.

And the reason for that is

that without writing it's very hard to freeze your thinking on paper so that you can sharpen it, so that you can see where,

for instance, using words that aren't well -defined, where you're saying things that don't need to be said all of this will help everything else.

I remember in college, for instance, when I took a class with John McPhee, an incredibly gifted writer and teacher, all of my grades in every other class went up

because every extraneous bit of information that was hurting instead of helping me was taken out.

So to sharpen the saw, a couple of different approaches.

Number one is write anything, anything whatsoever stream of consciousness essay doesn't really matter let's just

call it one to three pages something along the lines of morning pages

and Julia Cameron the artists way popularized this

and there are a number of folks like Brian Koppelman very

well known writer screenwriter co -creator of the show billions swears by morning pages

so that is an easy way to ease into the practice of just moving a pen I recommend freehand

so that you can see your thinking on paper that accomplishes two things.

Number one, it takes the anxieties and nebulous worries in your head, puts them down in a freeze frame so

that you can kind of trap them in the printed form so you can get on with the rest of your day.

The second thing it does is it allows you to see where you are sharp

and where you are dull in your thinking.

Now if you are drafting as I do for instance right now once a week writing, if you are looking for a proofreader and you do need a proofreader, if you can't find a professional writer

because we can't all find professional writers talk to friends who have any type of legal training

or you could even hire a lawyer to do this

or a paralegal someone with a law degree they are trained to look at language very very carefully

because in a dispute in a negotiation

and a disagreement arbitration it's gonna come down to the wording of contracts

and I have found that

when I do not have access to professional writers it is oftentimes just as good

or even better to get lawyers or people with legal training to read my writing.

So that would be a workaround that I accidentally discovered that is very powerful.

A few things to keep in mind when you are then doing revisions, because writing is in fact rewriting.

You're gonna vomit out your first one or two pages, and my mantra of sorts, which I borrowed from someone else who is a career ghost writer, is two crappy pages.

Two crappy pages per day.

And very often you're going to exceed that and then write more

but so that you set the game up in a way

that is winnable two crappy pages is your minimum

and it can be just brain vomit it can be worthless

but you gotta get two pages all right once you have

those two pages you can approach revision in a few different ways

and you can revise yourself say in three rounds like my friend Neil Strauss who I think has seven

or eight New York Times best -selling books at this point when he He does his first edit, he edits for himself, all right?

So he's editing just for his pleasure, for his enjoyment, for what he thinks is good.

Then the second round of edits, he will edit for his fans, the people he thinks will really love this material.

The third round is for the critics, the people who try to tear it apart to find little niggly points that they could twist and so on.

And that can be a helpful framework for revising.

What I do with proofreaders, and you You can do this also with people who are not trained writers at all, and in fact you should have some lay people,

so to speak, people who are not writers as a craft.

Very simply, what I will ask people to do is read and highlight anything, this could be in a Google Doc, a Word doc on paper, that is confusing.

People can like what you write, they can dislike it, they can love it, they can hate it, but it should not confuse anybody.

All right, so the first thing I will do is I'll ask people, just highlight anything that is confusing

or unclear all right that's that's step one anyone can do

that the next is if you notice your mind wandering

while you're reading this please note that all right so

if something is slow

and maybe it can be taken out note where your mind starts wandering all right the dictum there is

when in doubt take it out just be like I don't know

if I should take I don't know if I should keep this

or not take it out at least as an experiment the other Another question that I pose to proofreaders, because you can train people to be very good proofreaders,

is the 10 % rule, and it's not really a rule, but a guideline that I like to use.

So I'll say, please indicate the 10 % I should keep no matter what.

If there is 10 % that I should keep no matter what, what is the strongest 10 % like if there's 10 % I have to keep, please indicate that.

And if I had to cut 10 % or even 20 % in some cases, I'll ask people, please indicate what you would cut if you had to cut something,

even if this is an essay or a blog post that is a page or two long.

And what you'll find if you approach writing systematically in this way and revision systematically in this way is your cognition,

your analysis, your awareness of how you use words,

how you use explanation, how you use questions will become so much sharper that it will transcend

this type of exercise and begin to positively affect just about everything in your life.

So for fulfillment, for excitement, for professional success, for personal success,

I find writing to be arguably the most important practice.

Good luck.

Thank you.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“How to Use Writing to Sharpen Your Thinking”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：page, writing, writer, proofreader, edit。這段影片共有 71 個句子、1105 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 5:51。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 189 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 84% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
edit 動詞	/ˈɛdɪt/	編輯 /編輯
indicate 動詞	/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/	表明, 表示
revision 名詞	/ɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/	復習 /複習
confuse 動詞	/kənˈfjuːz/	讓……困惑 /讓……困惑
sharp 形容詞	/ʃɑɹp/	銳利 /銳利, 尖銳 /尖銳
essay 名詞	/ˈɛs.eɪ/	雜文 /雜文, 論文 /論文
highlight 動詞	/ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/	凸顯 /凸顯, 強調 /強調
freeze 動詞	/ˈfɹiːz/	凍結 /凍結, 凍 /凍
wander 動詞	/ˈwɑndɚ/	漫步, 徘徊
vomit 動詞	/ˈvɑmɪt/	嘔吐 /嘔吐, 嘔 /嘔
extent 名詞	/ɪkˈstɛnt/	範圍 /範圍
carefully 副詞	/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/	小心地
anxiety 名詞	/æŋˈzaɪ.əti/	焦慮 /焦慮, 擔心
awareness 名詞	/əˈwɛɹ.nəs/	意識 /意識, 覺悟 /覺悟
explanation 名詞	/ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/	解釋 /解釋, 說明 /說明

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
take out 動詞	取出
get on with 動詞	繼續 /繼續, 持續 /持續
go up 動詞	上昇 /上升, 上去

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	be said · was taken · are trained
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	friends who have · people who try · people who are
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	I've had · have found

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 21 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 you're, don't, gonna。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: revision /ɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/
長單詞——注意重音位置: systematically /ˌsɪs.təˈmæt.ɪ.kli/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: revision /ɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/, vomit /ˈvɑmɪt/, discover /dɪˈskʌvə/, whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/, positively /ˈpɑ.zɪ.tɪv.li/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: edit /ˈɛdɪt/, indicate /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/, confuse /kənˈfjuːz/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/, highlight /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, arguably /ˈɑɹɡjuəbli/, paralegal /ˌpɛɹəˈliɡ(ə)l/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 edit, indicate, revision 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: How to Use Writing to Sharpen Your Thinking - 通過影片學習英語口語

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