Pratique du Shadowing: SOCRATE - Philosopher par le dialogue - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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Socrates never wrote anything.
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He professed a exclusively oral teaching, And all that we know of his thoughts has been reported by his disciples, in which Platon was given,
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the author of "Dialogues Socratiques" which makes, by the way, It is sometimes difficult to differentiate what relates to Plato's thoughts or Socrates,
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But still is it that The majority of the texts of Platon are the "mises in scene" of the dialogue of Socrate.
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Socrate was first the king of provocation.
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and the provocation was part of its method.
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of his philosophy, And when I talk about provocation, I want to talk about provocation in the literal sense.
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provoquer quelque chose, C create conditions for this thing to lie.
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provoquer quelque chose, It's the fact MRG.
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It leads to its event.
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So the provocation is perhaps the word that sums up the best the philosophical practice of Socrates, tell qu 'elle se traduit à travers la maïotique.
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So as I said, Socrate has never written any books.
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It was not his way to do philosophy.
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"Ecrire des livres".
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Lui, They preferred to express themselves by conversation.
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by the discussion, by dialogue.
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He went to meet his citizens, Sur l 'Agora ?
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and he would entame the discussion with them on a subject or on another.
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And at this moment, He was going to put it in the middle of the day.
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The thought in action.
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He made the thought alive through dialogue.
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It's to say that writing a book, It's exposing a thought of a fixed thought.
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A thought about it or supposedly abouties.
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A book is supposed to say that what is written is true.
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and that the reader has no longer to read for instruction.
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Autrement dit, There is in the philosophical book something very dogmatic.
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And for Socrate, the dogmatism is precisely the antithesis of philosophy.
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The philosophy cannot be expositioned.
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It can't be something that we expose and that we have no longer to ingurgitate.
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It's not that thought.
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The nature of the thought is to be in movement.
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It's always being built.
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in the way to create.
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For Socrate, the thought is a process.
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The idea is to say that we don't pass directly from ignorance to knowledge.
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We go through the steps, we go through the stages of knowledge, and each stage will lead to the next stage.
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In the same way that when we learn math, we don't directly learn the second degree equations.
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We start to learn how to count.
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the positive numbers, And then we learn to add the numbers.
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multiply, All right, divisez.
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And so, from step by step, we arrive at mathematiques complex and abstract.
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All learning is supposed to be steps.
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And these steps need time.
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They need to distance to what we learn.
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Or for Socrate?
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It is through dialogue that this distance of the thought can have a place.
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And so, the dialogue appears as the best way to access the knowledge.
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We will develop this idea in this video, but I would like you to remember this: For Socrates,
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The exercise of the thought is an exercise of the thought.
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L 'exercice de la pensée, It goes through the "mise in practice" of the thought.
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And the practice of thinking is the formulation of the thinking, the verbalization of the thinking.
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Autrement dit, La pensée en action, c 'est la pensée qui s 'exprime.
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It's the thought in movement through dialogue.
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For Socrates, it's the dialogue that allows the truth to be.
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The truth is not a "list of annonces" a list of affirmations,
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It's a process by which we replace our beliefs by knowledge.
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And to come and get rid of our beliefs by knowledge, We need an interlocutor.
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we need someone who will react to what we believe is true.
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when we are all alone thinking about what we think.
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we don't have a return to what we think.
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which means that we can very well turn in a circle in our own own beliefs without ever going to go out.
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even with the best will of the world.
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We always need a reference.
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We always need an external point of view.
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The exterior point of view is the same.
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It's what will allow us to make a return to our own thoughts.
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It's what will allow us to enlarge our consciousness.
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The consciousness can only be able to take care of the external points.
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Otherwise, by the point of view which are not the nôtre.
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There is no progress in the conscience, there is no elevation in the conscience, if there is no moment or another, in the way of being taken into account of the point of view of the other.
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And the fact is that we are not able of understanding the point of view of autrui, if we don't confront ourselves.
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if we don't have to do anything with someone.
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in our expression expression.
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When you ask someone advice, We are well aware that it does not mean that you will let the other think about your place.
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It means that you have a conscience that you don't have all the information.
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There may be an angle of view that you hit.
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And it's normal.
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Because we don't have all angles of view.
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Our angles of view, They are the fruit of our personal life,
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of our experience, of 1001 factors that have made our way of thinking.
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Our way of thinking is, She is façonned by our living.
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And when we take a conscience of that, When we understand that we don't have a science infuse, that we don't have the omniscience.
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At this moment, we understand the role absolutely indispensable of the other in the construction of our thinking.
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And that's what he believed in Socrates.
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the idea that we needed the other to get into the consciousness.
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to make progress our thinking.
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D 'ailleurs, I'm going to say it in parentheses.
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It's a good time today.
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of consider that each has its own truth.
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For Socrate, like for Platon, It doesn't exist.
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We don't have each our own truth.
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Because, by definition, the truth, "Elle est une".
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and it is universal.
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So each one has a truth, it doesn't have a sense.
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It's not each one's truth, it's each one's conception of truth.
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And that's very different.
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It's very different because it puts in place the notion of subjectivity of knowledge.
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The subjectivity of the knowledge doesn't mean that the truth is personal.
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It means that each one has a look on the truth.
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A bit like when you are on the road, and at a moment you have a panel that indicates a point of view.
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You can stop at the end of the road and take advantage of a point of view on the landscape.
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But from this point of view, It's your point of view.
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and the people who are on the other side of the hill that you are looking at, these people have another point of view.
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And it's the synthesis of all the views that, in a certain way, are the truth.
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The truth is trans subjective.
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It's the synthesis of subjectivity.
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It's not the subjectivity itself.
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The truth is not our point of view.
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When you look at a "d", You don't see a "D".
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You can see all the more three faces of the day.
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Make an experience!
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Look at the day.
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and you will see that you only see three faces of the day.
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Of course you know that the other faces exist, but you can't see them all at the same time.
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That's the problem with subjectivity.
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The problem of subjectivity is the problem that you have to do another subjectivity to respond.
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And to complete, your own subjectivity.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « SOCRATE - Philosopher par le dialogue ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : view, Socrate, truth, subjectivity, dialogue. Cette vidéo contient 117 phrases et 1306 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 8:18. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 157 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. 85 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| subjectivity nom | /ˌsʌbd͡ʒɛkˈtɪvɪti/ | subjectivité |
| provocation nom | /ˌpɹɑvəˈkeɪʃən/ | provocation |
| conscience nom | /ˈkɑn.ʃəns/ | conscience |
| synthesis nom | /ˈsɪnθəsɪs/ | synthèse |
| expose verbe | /ɪkˈspoʊz/ | exposer, dénoncer |
| affirmation nom | /æfɝˈmeɪʃn/ | affirmation |
| antithesis nom | /ænˈtɪθ.ɪ.sɪs/ | antithèse |
| disciple nom | /dɪˈsaɪ.pəl/ | disciple |
| dogmatic adjectif | /dɔɡˈmæt.ɪk/ | dogmatique |
| dogmatism nom | /ˈdɔɡ.məˌtɪz.əm/ | dogmatisme |
| enlarge verbe | /ɪnˈlɑɹd͡ʒ/ | agrandir, élargir |
| formulation nom | formulation | |
| indispensable adjectif | /ˌɪndɪˈspɛnsəbəl/ | indispensable |
| infuse verbe | /ɪnˈfjuz/ | infuser |
| interlocutor nom | /ˌɪn.təɹˈlɑk.jə.təɹ/ | interlocuteur, interlocutrice |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| go through verbe | traverser |
| go out verbe | sortir |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- It's what will allow us to enlarge our consciousness.
- Because we don't have all angles of view.
- D 'ailleurs, I'm going to say it in parentheses.
- We don't have each our own truth.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | has been reported · is written · cannot be expositioned |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has been reported · has never written · have made |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | someone who will · view which are · people who are |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 17 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, doesn't, can't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: synthesis /ˈsɪnθəsɪs/, antithesis /ænˈtɪθ.ɪ.sɪs/, parenthesis /pəˈɹɛn.θə.sɪs/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: provocation /ˌpɹɑvəˈkeɪʃən/, conscience /ˈkɑn.ʃəns/, affirmation /æfɝˈmeɪʃn/, omniscience /ɑmˈnɪʃəns/, exposition /ɛkspəˈzɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: subjectivity /ˌsʌbd͡ʒɛkˈtɪvɪti/, provocation /ˌpɹɑvəˈkeɪʃən/, philosophical /ˌfɪl.əˈsɑ.fɪ.kl̩/, antithesis /ænˈtɪθ.ɪ.sɪs/, dogmatism /ˈdɔɡ.məˌtɪz.əm/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: subjectivity /ˌsʌbd͡ʒɛkˈtɪvɪti/, enlarge /ɪnˈlɑɹd͡ʒ/, ingurgitate /ɪnˈɡɜː.dʒɪ.teɪt/, subjective /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: provocation /ˌpɹɑvəˈkeɪʃən/, enlarge /ɪnˈlɑɹd͡ʒ/, interlocutor /ˌɪn.təɹˈlɑk.jə.təɹ/, parenthesis /pəˈɹɛn.θə.sɪs/, profess /pɹəˈfɛs/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme subjectivity, provocation, conscience.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.