Pratique du Shadowing: PHILOSOPHY - Plato - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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The New Testament The New Testament The New Testament The New Testament Athens, 2400 years ago.
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It's a compact place.
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Only about a quarter of a million people live here.
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There are fine baths, theatres, temples, shopping arcades and gymnasiums.
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It's warm for more than half the year.
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This is also home to the world's first true and probably greatest philosopher, Plato.
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Born into a prominent and wealthy family in the city,
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Plato devoted his life to one goal helping people to reach a state of what he termed eudaimonia or fulfillment.
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Plato is often confused with Socrates.
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Socrates was an older friend who taught Plato a lot, but didn't write any books.
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Plato wrote lots of them, 36, all dialogues, beautifully crafted scripts of imaginary discussions in which Socrates is always allotted a starring role.
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among them the Republic, the Symposium, the Laws, the Mino and the Apology.
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Plato had four big ideas for making life more fulfilled.
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First big idea, think more.
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We rarely give ourselves time to think carefully and logically about our lives and how to lead them.
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Sometimes we just go along with what the Greeks called doxa or popular opinions.
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In the 36 books he wrote, Plato showed this common sense to be riddled with errors, prejudice and superstition fame is great,
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follow your heart, money is the key to a good life.
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The problem is, popular opinions edge us towards the wrong values, careers and relationships.
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Plato's answer is, know yourself.
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It means doing a special kind of therapy, philosophy, subjecting your ideas to examination rather than acting on impulse.
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If you strengthen your self-knowledge, you don't get so pulled around by feelings.
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Plato compared the role of our feelings to being dragged dangerously along by a group of wild horses.
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In honour of his mentor and friend Socrates, this kind of examination is is called a Socratic discussion.
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You can have it with yourself
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or ideally with another person who isn't trying to catch you out but wants to help you clarify your own ideas.
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Second big idea, let your lover change you.
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That sounds weird if you think that love means finding someone who wants you just the way you are.
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In a symposium, Plato's play about a dinner party where a group of friends drink too much and get talking about love,
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sex and relationships, Plato says, true love is admiration.
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In other words, the person you need to get together with should have very good qualities, which you yourself lack.
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Let's say they should be really brave or organised or warm and sincere.
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By getting close to this person, you can become a little like they are.
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The right person for us helps us grow to our full potential.
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For Plato, Also in a good relationship, a couple shouldn't love each other exactly as they are right now.
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They should be committed to educating each other and to enduring the stormy passages this inevitably involves.
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Each person should want to seduce the other into becoming a better version of themselves.
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3. Decode the message of beauty Everyone pretty much likes beautiful things, but Plato was the first to ask why do we like them?
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He found a fascinating reason.
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Beautiful objects are whispering important truths to us about the good life.
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We find things beautiful when we unconsciously sense in them qualities we need but are missing in our lives.
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Gentleness, harmony, balance, peace, strength.
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Beautiful objects therefore have a really important function.
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They help to educate our souls.
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Ugliness is a serious matter too.
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It parades dangerous and damaged characteristics in front of us.
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It makes it harder to be wise, kind and calm.
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Plato sees art as therapeutic.
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It's the duty of poets and painters and nowadays novelists, TV producers and designers to help us to live good lives.
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4. Reform society.
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Plato spent a lot of time thinking how the government and society should ideally be.
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He was the world's first utopian thinker.
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In this, he was inspired by Athens' great rival Sparta.
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This was a city-sized machine for turning out great soldiers.
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Everything the Spartans did, how they raised their children, how their economy was organised, whom they admired, how they had sex, what they ate, was tailored to that one goal.
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And Sparta was hugely successful from a military point of view.
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But that wasn't Plato's concern.
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He wanted to know how could a society get better at producing not military power but fulfilled people.
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In his book The Republic, Plato identifies a number of changes that should be made.
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Athenian society was very focused on the rich, like the lush aristocrat Alcibiades, and sports celebrities like the boxer Milo of Croton.
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Plato wasn't impressed.
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It really matters who we admire, because celebrities influence our outlook,
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ideas and conduct, and bad heroes give glamour to flaws of character.
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Plato therefore wanted to give Athens new celebrities, Replacing the current crop with ideally wise and good people he called guardians,
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models for everyone's good development.
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These people would be distinguished by their record of public service, their modesty and simple habits, their dislike of the limelight, and their wide and deep experience.
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They would be the most honoured and admired people in society.
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He also wanted to end democracy in Athens.
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He wasn't crazy.
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He just observed how few people think properly before they vote, and therefore we get very substandard rulers.
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He didn't want to replace democracy with a horrid dictatorship, but he wanted to prevent people from voting until they'd started to think rationally.
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That is, until they'd become philosophers.
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Otherwise, government would just be a kind of mob rule.
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To help the process, Plato started a school, the Academy, in Athens, which lasted a good 300 years.
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There, pupils learned not just maths and spelling but also how to be good and kind.
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His ultimate goal was that politicians should become philosophers.
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The world will not be right, he said, until kings become philosophers or philosophers kings.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « PHILOSOPHY - Plato ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : Plato, philosopher, Athens, society, Socrates. Cette vidéo contient 77 phrases et 1001 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 6:18. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 159 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 78 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| philosopher nom | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | philosophe |
| ideally adverbe | /aɪˈdi.ə.li/ | idéalement |
| admire verbe | /ədˈmaɪɹ/ | admirer |
| symposium nom | /sɪmˈpəʊziəm/ | symposium |
| fulfill verbe | /fʊlˈfɪl/ | combler, satisfaire |
| educate verbe | /ˈɛd͡ʒ.əˌkeɪt/ | éduquer |
| aristocrat nom | /əˈɹɪstəˌkɹæt/ | aristocrate |
| dangerously adverbe | dangereusement | |
| decode verbe | /dɪˈkəʊd/ | décoder |
| fascinate verbe | /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ | fasciner |
| fulfilment nom | /fʊlˈfɪl.mənt/ | accomplissement |
| gymnasium nom | /d͡ʒɪmˈneɪ.zi.əm/ | lycée, gymnase |
| horrid adjectif | /ˈhɔ.ɹɪd/ | affreux, horrible |
| limelight nom | /ˈlaɪm.laɪt/ | feux de la rampe |
| logically adverbe | /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪˌkli/ | logiquement |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| turn out verbe | se finir, se terminer |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is always allotted · be riddled · being dragged |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | friend who taught · person who isn · someone who wants |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 10 contractions et formes réduites, comme wasn't, didn't, they'd. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: thinker /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/, therapeutic /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpjuː.tɪk/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: unconsciously /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəsli/, admiration /ˌæd.məˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, dictatorship /ˈdɪkteɪtəɹʃɪp/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, ideally /aɪˈdi.ə.li/, aristocrat /əˈɹɪstəˌkɹæt/, gymnasium /d͡ʒɪmˈneɪ.zi.əm/, unconsciously /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəsli/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme philosopher, ideally, admire.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.