Pratique du Shadowing: The Secret to Speaking Fluent English - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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227 phrases
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Hi, my name is Nat Thi and I'm from Thailand.
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Many years ago, my spoken English was pretty bad.
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I had a lot of trouble expressing myself in English.
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But then, I found a way to improve my spoken English and I managed to become fluent while living in Thailand.
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The methods I use can be done at home from anywhere in the world and in this video, I'm going to tell you how you can do the same.
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First, let me tell you the most important secret.
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To speak English well, you need to build unconscious knowledge in English.
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Let me repeat that.
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If you want to speak English fluently, you need a high level of unconscious knowledge in English.
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So what is it?
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Well, unconscious knowledge is the ability to do something without conscious thought.
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the ability to perform a task automatically.
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For example, riding a bicycle, playing a musical instrument, and speaking your native language.
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Unconscious knowledge is automatic.
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To use the knowledge, you don't have to think about it.
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You don't have to focus your attention on it.
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That's why you can ride a bicycle and talk to someone at the same time.
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You don't have to focus on the movement of your legs.
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They move automatically on their own.
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It's also why musicians can sing and play the instrument at the same time.
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With enough practice, the skill becomes automatic and so the hands and fingers can now move automatically.
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Now, think about how you speak your first language.
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When you talk in your native language, do you think about grammar rules?
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Do you think about syntax or sentence structure?
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No, you don't think about any of that, right?
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But for some reason, every sentence that comes out of your mouth is grammatically correct.
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Even though you're not thinking about grammar, everything you say makes sense grammatically.
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Why is that?
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Well, it's because you have a high level of unconscious knowledge in your native language.
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So, if you want to speak English well, you need to increase your unconscious knowledge in English.
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If you do that, speaking English will feel natural and automatic, much like speaking your first language.
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So, how do you acquire unconscious knowledge?
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Unfortunately, this is very difficult to do.
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The problem is that this type of knowledge cannot be taught.
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It cannot be acquired through study.
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You can improve it by reading grammar books or watching grammar lessons on YouTube.
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If you do that, you will acquire a different type of knowledge called conscious knowledge.
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This type of knowledge is not automatic.
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To use the knowledge, you have to think about it.
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You have to focus your attention on it.
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This means that when you speak English, you have to think about grammar.
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You have to decide what tense to use and all that stuff.
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And that doesn't work because when you're talking to someone, you don't have time to think about grammar.
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If the other person says something to you or asks you a question, you have to respond immediately.
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Sadly, many people love studying grammar.
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They love watching lessons about tenses, prepositions, additives, and so on.
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They believe that it will make them speak better.
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What they don't realize is that the knowledge they gain through study is conscious,
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non-automatic knowledge, which is not very useful in spoken English.
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The thing is, speaking a language involves two parts of the brain, the conscious part and the unconscious, automatic part.
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When you speak your first language, the conscious part focuses on the information that you want to communicate,
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while the unconscious part focuses on the grammar.
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This coordination allows you to speak fluently.
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If you want to say something, you can just say it, and the unconscious part will make sure that your speech follows the grammar rules.
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The process is automatic.
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It's amazing actually.
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But what happens when a grammar nerd, you know, someone who studies a lot of grammar, what happens when they try to speak English?
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Well, here's what happens.
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The conscious part now has to focus on the information and the grammar at the same time.
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It has to focus on two things simultaneously, which is impossible to do.
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This is why many students speak poorly despite knowing all the grammar rules.
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So don't learn English through study.
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Instead, you have to learn English the same way you learned your first language.
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We call this way of learning, unconscious learning.
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What is unconscious learning?
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Does it mean learning while you sleep?
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Actually, no. In this context, the word unconscious means unaware.
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So unconscious learning means you are unaware that you're learning something.
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The learning takes place outside of your awareness.
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One example of this way of learning is listening to a conversation in English.
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When you listen to a conversation, your goal is not to learn English but to understand the conversation, right?
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But as you listen, as you focus on the information, the unconscious part of your brain is learning English behind the scenes.
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You may not be aware of it, but your brain is learning things like grammar, vocabulary, and many other things.
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This is how you learn your first language.
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You didn't learn through study.
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You learn by listening to people talking over and over.
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And you didn't try to memorize or understand any rules.
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You just focus on the information and let your brain learn the language in the background.
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So remember, when you learn English unconsciously, you get unconscious, automatic knowledge.
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When you learn English consciously by studying grammar, you get conscious, non-automatic knowledge.
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Now, there are two methods you can use to build unconscious knowledge.
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These are the only two methods I use to become fluent in English.
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The first one is listening, of course.
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The second one is input-driven speaking practice.
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Let's talk about listening.
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Listening is a very popular method for learning English.
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tells you to listen to English.
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But is it really necessary?
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I mean, what if you're not looking to improve your listening?
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If your goal is to improve your speaking, why do you need to spend time listening?
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Why not just focus on speaking practice?
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Well, here's the deal.
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Even if improving your listening is not your goal, you still need to listen to English on a regular basis.
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In fact, it's impossible to become fluent without a lot of listening.
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The reason is simple.
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Regular listening makes it easy to improve your speaking.
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You see, the English language is very complex.
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If you don't listen to English very much, you'll never become familiar with the complexity of the language.
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So when you try to practice speaking, you will get confused very easily.
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Forming a sentence will be confusing.
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Practicing new words will be confusing.
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Everything will be confusing because your brain cannot handle the complexity of the language.
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On the flip side, if you listen to English regularly, you will become comfortable with the language.
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So the complexity will not confuse you as much.
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As a result, improving your speaking will be a lot easier.
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That's why you need to listen to English regularly.
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You need to feed your brain with as much input as possible. But what about reading?
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Should you also read in English?
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Well, if you can do both listening and reading, that's great, that's even better.
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But if you don't have a lot of time, I suggest you focus on listening because it helps you become familiar with the sounds of English,
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you know, pronunciation, intonation, pitch, things like that.
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Besides, when you watch a movie or a YouTube video with English subtitles, you are essentially reading in English, right?
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So even if you focus on listening, you will sometimes get to practice your reading skills as well.
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So make sure to consume a lot of content like YouTube videos, podcasts, audio books, movies, and TV shows.
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If you don't understand the content and need to read subtitles, make sure they are in English, not in your native language.
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At this point, you might have questions like, what podcast should I listen to?
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What movie should I watch?
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What content is best for learning English?
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The answer to these questions is simple.
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The best content for learning English is content you enjoy.
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For example, if you like travel, you might watch YouTube videos about travel.
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If you're interested in business, you might listen to business podcasts.
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If you like action movies, then watch action movies.
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Watch or listen to things you like.
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It's that simple.
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Don't consume content you don't like just for the sake of learning English.
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If you do that, listening will feel like a chore for you.
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It will be something that you have to force yourself to do.
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When you listen to something you don't care about, you will get distracted and get bored.
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At some point, you're going to lose motivation and stop doing it.
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I don't have this problem because I only listen to stuff that interests me.
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For example, I like Japan, so I'm subscribed to YouTube channels about Japanese culture, Japanese food, and other things related to Japan.
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I love scary stories, so I listen to a number of scary podcasts.
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I'm also a big fan of fantasy series like Harry Potter, and I've listened to the Harry Potter audiobooks multiple times now.
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So basically, I listen to things I enjoy.
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This way, I get to have fun and learn English at the same time.
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By the way, there's one type of content I avoid, and that is grammar lessons.
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When I'm on YouTube, I never watch videos about tenses, prepositions, adjectives, you know, all the boring stuff.
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Because I know that if I consume this type of content, I will develop the habit of thinking about grammar when speaking, which is not what I want.
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I want to speak English naturally like I speak my native language.
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So make sure you listen to things that you find enjoyable and avoid content related to grammar.
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How much time should you spend listening each day?
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The answer is, as much as possible.
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Like I said earlier, English is very complex, and so your brain needs a lot of input before it can master the language.
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So the more time you spend listening, the better.
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If you have 30 minutes a day, listen for 30 minutes a day.
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If you have 10 hours a day, listen for 10 hours.
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The more input you get, the faster your English will improve.
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But if you're busy and don't have time, that's okay.
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Let me share a tip that has worked well for me.
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So if your listening is good enough and you don't need to look at the screen to read subtitles,
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you can practice listening while doing other activities.
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Personally, I like to listen while working out, doing chores or commuting.
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With this simple strategy, I've been able to listen to English for at least 30 minutes every day without much effort.
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I don't need self-discipline to do this.
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It's very easy to do.
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So feel free to listen while doing your daily activities.
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But don't do it while working or studying, alright?
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The activities have to be something simple.
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Something you can do easily without much concentration.
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With this approach, you really don't have to spend your free time listening to English,
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which means you can dedicate some of that time to your speaking practice.
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Practice is essential to improving any skill.
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If you want to speak English well, then you're going to have to practice.
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You have to open your mouth and speak some English.
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But what if you have no one to speak with?
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What do you do then?
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Some people solve this problem in a simple way.
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They simply talk to themselves in English, and I used to do that.
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When I was starting out, I would talk to myself about random topics.
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So one day I might talk about my job, the next day I might talk about my hobbies, and so on.
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But after a while, I stopped doing it because there are two problems with this approach.
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The first problem is that when you're talking to yourself, you're not learning any new words or phrases, right?
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You're just practicing words and phrases you already know.
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You're not learning anything new.
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The second problem is that if you make a lot of grammar and pronunciation mistakes when speaking, this practice will not correct those mistakes.
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If you practice by talking to yourself alone, you will keep making the same mistakes.
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So after practicing this way for a while, you might be able to speak more quickly,
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but your English will be difficult to understand because you don't speak or sound like a native.
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You have your own way of talking in English.
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So, if talking to yourself doesn't work, how about talking with someone online?
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Unfortunately, the same problems still apply.
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If your speaking partner is an English learner just like you, they probably make a lot of mistakes when speaking.
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So when you're talking to them, you are exposing yourself to broken English, you know, bad grammar and incomplete sentences.
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Also, your partner probably has a small vocabulary just like you, so talking to them isn't going to help expand your vocabulary.
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Now don't get me wrong, I'm not saying that you should never chat with other English learners, it's okay to do that from time to time.
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But if your speaking needs a lot of improvement, then you should focus on something called input-driven practice.
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What is it?
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Well, input-driven practice is when you practice with some type of English material.
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It could be a YouTube video, a podcast, a movie, or anything that contains native speech.
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The idea is that by practicing with input, you're exposed to new vocabulary and proper grammar,
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which will help you to speak and sound more native.
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Input-driven practice usually involves imitating or copying a native speaker.
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If you've ever heard of language learning methods like shadowing or imitation, those are all input-driven exercises.
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Personally, I like the imitation technique the most, so let me explain how you can practice this technique.
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To get started, find an audio or video of a native speaker talking.
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Try to find material where the speaker doesn't speak too fast.
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Once you have the material, you're going to listen to it to familiarize yourself with the speech.
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You don't have to speak yet, just listen and make sure you understand everything.
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Be sure to look up words and phrases you don't know.
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Now if the speech is long, you don't have to listen to the whole thing, just listen to the first 3 to 5 minutes.
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After you finish listening, you are ready to begin your practice.
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Play the speech from the beginning.
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This time, you're going to repeat after the speaker word for word.
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So after a few words, pause the audio and repeat what you hear out loud.
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You don't have to wait until the end of each sentence because that might be too difficult.
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You can pause missed sentence and repeat 4, 5 or 6 words at a time.
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When you imitate, try to copy not only the words but also the rhythm, pronunciation, and the emotion in the voice.
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Copy everything so that you sound exactly like that person.
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So that was one way to practice imitation.
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But this technique is flexible.
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As your speaking improves, you can make the practice more challenging to match your proficiency level.
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For example, instead of repeating a few words at a time, you can try to memorize and repeat one sentence at a time.
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If you come across a very long sentence and you can't remember the exact words, that's okay.
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The human brain is not very good at remembering individual words or small details,
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but it's good at remembering meaning or key information.
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So if you forget the original sentence, try to express the meaning in your own words.
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For example, if the original sentence was, walking alone in a dense forest at night is absolutely terrifying,
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you might say something like, walking alone in a forest at night is very scary.
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Or if that's still too difficult, you can just say, walking in a forest is scary.
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The process of expressing something in your own words is really helpful.
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It improves your ability to improvise and find the right words to express yourself.
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As you can see, there's more than one way to practice imitation, so feel free to do it however you like.
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The important thing is to always practice with input to ensure constant exposure to proper English.
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So there you have it.
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That's how you can increase your unconscious knowledge and become more fluent in English.
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A lot of listening and a lot of speaking practice.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « The Secret to Speaking Fluent English ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : English, Thi, listen, practice, grammar. Cette vidéo contient 227 phrases et 2815 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 20:25. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 138 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 88 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc facile à suivre.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| grammar nom | /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/ | grammaire |
| unconscious adjectif | /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/ | inconscient |
| conscious adjectif | /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/ | conscient |
| podcast nom | /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ | podcast, balado |
| imitation nom | /ɪmɪˈteɪ̯ʃən/ | imitation |
| fluent adjectif | /ˈfluənt/ | parler couramment |
| confuse verbe | /kənˈfjuːz/ | rendre perplexe, confondre |
| vocabulary nom | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | vocabulaire, lexique |
| subtitle nom | /ˈsʌbtaɪtəl/ | sous-titre |
| pronunciation nom | /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/ | prononciation |
| consume verbe | /kənˈsum/ | consommer |
| tense nom | /tɛns/ | temps, temps verbal |
| complexity nom | /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/ | complexité |
| acquire verbe | /əˈkwaɪɚ/ | acquérir |
| chore nom | /t͡ʃoɹ/ | corvée, tâche |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| come across verbe | avoir l'air de | |
| hear out verbe | écouter jusqu'au bout | |
| work out verbe | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | calculer |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Do you think about syntax or sentence structure?
- Does it mean learning while you sleep?
- I mean, what if you're not looking to improve your listening?
- What movie should I watch?
- How much time should you spend listening each day?
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Phrases conditionnelles if + proposition, will/would + verbe — une condition et son résultat | If you do that, speaking English will feel · If you do that, you will acquire · if you focus on listening, you will sometimes |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | I've listened · has worked · I've been |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | can be done · cannot be taught · cannot be acquired |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | knowledge, which is · someone who studies · speaking, which is |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 58 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, you're, I'm. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: unconscious /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/, imitation /ɪmɪˈteɪ̯ʃən/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: imitation /ɪmɪˈteɪ̯ʃən/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, complexity /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: chore /t͡ʃoɹ/, adjective /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/, enjoyable /ɛnˈd͡ʒɔɪ.ə.bl̩/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: grammar /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, chore /t͡ʃoɹ/, learner /ˈlɜɹnəɹ/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme grammar, unconscious, conscious.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.