Shadowing Practice: Every Level of Engineering in 15 Minutes - Learn English Speaking with Video
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כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
201 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
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40 versus 400,000.
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Same degree, different title.
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Now, you know as well as I do that engineers make good money.
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But believe me when I tell you there are levels to this.
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Some are drowning in student debt, living paycheck to paycheck.
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Some are barely pushing over the average salary.
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And some make millions a year on top of more equity than you and I would know what to do with.
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So today, we're going to lay out the rewards and responsibilities for each rung of the engineering career ladder, starting with a broke student at level zero,
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going all the way up to one of one multi-millionaire CTOs.
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And as always, we're giving you a real engineer's perspective on what this journey actually looks like, what you earn, what you do,
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in my experience, on just how hard it is to move up.
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And on that note, I'm willing to bet that you can't answer these two simple questions about engineering.
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Fewer than 38% of my viewers got them both right.
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Question one, what is the most common first job title for engineering graduates?
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And two, how much can a principal engineer make at a top tech company?
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Hold on to your answers, we'll come back to them.
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Now let's get right into it.
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I'm Engineer Joe, welcome to Engineering Insiders.
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We start today with level zero, a student.
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The bottom rung starts with a young engineer living in a dorm,
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microwaving ramen, slamming caffeine, and desperately trying to figure out how to solve a three-page triple integral without going insane.
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This is the standard night as an undergraduate, or at least it was for me.
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Very broke, thousands of dollars in debt, struggling through late-night homework and labs, and killing time with friends in the dorms.
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A simple life, one without many responsibilities besides passing your classes.
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Now, these students don't even know what they're gonna have for breakfast tomorrow, let alone if they'll be in that minority that actually end up graduating with an engineering degree.
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But they do know that they are dirt broke.
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Most students didn't have jobs, but I worked at a few restaurants and then became a tutor to make a few bucks during my undergrad.
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But I, like many other students, was thrown deep into debt.
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In this tough but exciting stage of the ladder, the average American student is about $29,000 in debt.
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But what do they have to show for their hard work and monstrous debt?
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Well, most students don't make much money, if any.
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So the rewards of this stage come with progressing through school, passing crazy hard classes, and building out their resumes.
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Not necessarily monetary income.
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But do you know what our undergrad saving grace is?
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Internships!
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Which brings us up to level 1, an engineering intern.
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Our students growing up fast and is already in a real world engineering firm.
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But do interns actually have real responsibilities or do they just grab coffee for other engineers?
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Also, how much do they make?
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Now we'll get to the uneven intern salaries, but first our undergrad has to earn it.
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The internship can be very meaningful, full of real, stakeholder-impacting engineering work like testing satellite hardware,
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3D modeling robotic arms, or running thermal simulations on jet engines.
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It also can be extremely disheartening, slow, and downright boring.
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In my experience this has more to do with the stage of the company rather than anything else.
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For example, I've had friends land internships with massive defense companies and have terrible times.
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Only doing things like updating documentation, very minor firmware or software changes.
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Basically just following around other engineers and asking, begging for things to do.
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On the other hand, if you join a startup, there will be no shortage of tasks.
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Everyone is basically working five different jobs at once, and you could be doing real design engineering on very key facets of the company.
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And real quick, a reminder to subscribe if you learn anything in this video.
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It's free and really helps us out.
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Thank you for your time.
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Now the reward here is the experience you gain
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that ultimately aids you in the quest of landing a full-time position later down the road.
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But some internships can pay pretty freaking well, with the lowest coming in at $9,000 over a summer and the highest over $24,000 in the same summer.
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Now just like our student, most of this money is spent on rent and other day-to-day expenses.
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Maybe our engineer has a little bit of savings, but that student loan is pretty much still the exact same.
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But I think our engineer has something up his sleeve.
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Now he has some real world work experience, understand how the industry works a little bit, and has now graduated and is ready to take on a full-time role,
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coming up on level two of today's ladder.
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Which brings us right back to the first question I asked earlier.
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What do we think is the most popular title after graduation?
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The correct answer is C, an engineering intern, which 77% of my audience answered correctly, so good job to all of you.
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If you're hired at a company with good company culture, you can find yourself in sports leagues with your coworkers, meeting a ton of cool new people and not really having much stress on your shoulders.
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You're being introduced to one or two projects
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and slowly starting to make impacts on testing new versions of products
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or doing some of the more repetitive tasks that higher level engineers shouldn't waste their time on.
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And oh yeah, you're getting paid.
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Here's a few salaries for entry level engineers.
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Not a bad deal in my opinion.
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Personally, I started out with 80k salary right out of my
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electrical engineering degree with a few healthy bonuses to sweeten the deal.
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But this honeymoon phase does not last forever.
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Before you know it, you're gaining responsibilities, starting to work late when deadlines are looming and actually being relied on to produce results.
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Ugh!
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All jokes aside, it is honestly very rewarding to gain responsibilities and be genuinely helpful to your project and team.
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But naturally, with more With more responsibilities comes a new level of our career ladder.
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Level 3 usually comes about the time you see an entire project from start to finish.
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Anywhere between a year and like three years in, you'll start pushing to become a mid-level engineer.
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Which by the way in the industry is usually just called level 2 engineer, but that doesn't fit the levels I laid out so ignore that.
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Now this is the level where things get more real.
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There's no hand holding and you're expected to start taking ownership of entire subsystems or projects more junior engineering.
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You're now making impactful decisions, reviewing the work of interns and pushing the project forward even if no one tells you exactly how.
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This freedom can be stressful but ultimately is pretty fun to work around.
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Now depending on your company and performance, this is the phase where you start owning features or landing design reviews.
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It's not uncommon to start mentoring interns or newer hires at this point too.
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And guess what?
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The pay bump reflects that added responsibility.
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Now this is where I'm currently at in my career, landing code in our company repository, designing electronics boards with tight deadlines,
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planning and executing entire test campaigns for satellite hardware, and mentoring interns on their tasks, results, and direction.
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And honestly, I'm enjoying it.
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Now engineers can stay in the stage for some two to five more years and then start pushing for level four, senior engineering, one of the most flexible,
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respected, and well-paid roles in the industry.
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But real quick, here's what I'm going to do for you.
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If you have any questions you want to ask me, check out our discord.
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I'm frequently in there, but no one really takes me up on this.
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I started this channel to help students and I want to connect with more of you.
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So hop in our discord, ask a question in general, and I'll get back to you.
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Now that's all.
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Let's get back to the video.
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And we're at level four senior engineering.
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By this point, you've been in the industry for around five to eight years and people know who you are.
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You've shipped products, led critical efforts, and handled those Friday night emergencies that somehow always happen right before launch.
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You're not just building anymore, you're guiding.
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The senior engineers around me start to influence company direction, make calls on our satellite specs, make multi-million dollar design decisions, and negotiate product terms with vendors.
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And in many organizations, they're invited to early product meetings, budgeting sessions, or even patent discussions.
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And boy, are they paid for it.
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But all this comes at a cost.
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Your hairline, er, I mean your stress level.
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You are now measured by how well you lead others, de-risk projects, and influence results.
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It's not a small responsibility.
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And some engineers plateau here forever.
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Which honestly isn't a bad thing.
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Senior roles offer excellent pay, autonomy, and flexibility.
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If you're happy staying hands-on, you can ride this role for decades.
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But if you're not satisfied here, it doesn't end.
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The next big leap is becoming someone who defines architecture, strategy, and long-term company vision.
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This would be a lead or staff engineer.
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At this point, you can be anywhere from 8 to 20 years into your career.
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You're trusted and respected, and you're basically the person your co-workers come to when everything is on fire.
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And by the way, the titles can vary.
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It can be lead engineer, staff engineer, technical specialist, or even distinguished in some companies.
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But the essence is the same.
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You are driving major decisions and systems.
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You can picture it like this.
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If a senior engineer is responsible for thermal regulation of of a battery system in a car,
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staff engineers could be responsible for the thermal regulation for the entire vehicle across HVAC, battery, and software teams.
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And a key note that at this stage, we start to see a larger fan out of engineering expertise.
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Let me explain.
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In senior engineering and below, most engineers are very successful living in a single vertical.
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But once you reach staff engineering and beyond, you're required to pull from a wider range of knowledge, which only comes from years of studying and expertise.
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And another thing, this role can be pretty lonely.
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You might be the only staff engineer in your entire org chart, helping chart the future while still keeping a keen eye over the trenches.
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But this high responsibility definitely comes with a worthwhile salary.
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And if you think that's nice, just wait until you see what happens when you start managing people, budgets, and entire engineering organizations.
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What I'm referring to is level six, engineering management, which to me is similar to level five, but they're really just a divergence in career paths.
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You see, around the senior-ish engineer level, you'll face a fork in the road.
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Do you want to more deeply develop your engineering skills or do you want to start developing your management skills,
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working less in the lab and more in meetings and with people?
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Now, this engineering management really does have levels in itself, but for the sake of the video, We're averaging it all into one.
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But what do they do?
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Well, they hire, onboard, retain talent, resolve conflicts, conduct performance reviews, career development plans, one-on-ones, and a whole lot more things.
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Which, if you're a people's person and believe in the company, you might really enjoy.
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And if you're not, well, then you can take the technical depth route.
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But in case you are interested, here are the salaries.
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Now, do you remember our second question regarding principal engineering salaries?
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It's about time to see if you answered correctly, like 49% of my audience did.
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And on principal engineers, they're different.
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They define the principles behind engineering products.
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It's actually pretty funny.
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At one of my previous companies, they had very actionable bullet points for literally every type of engineer, like massive paragraphs describing what you have to do to become that level,
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but when you got to staff engineer, the highest level, it doesn't say anything at all except requirements to be determined on a case-by-case basis.
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And in case that doesn't make it super clear, these engineers are rare.
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They're the top 1% of technical individual contributors in most companies.
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And you might guess there's probably only going to be one principal engineer per department or none at all.
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We're talking company will literally wither if you leave level of engineer.
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These are engineers who don't manage people, but somehow guide entire organizations.
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They define the architecture, not just for one product, but for the future of the company's technology.
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If senior engineers are expected to own features and staff engineers own systems, engineers own outcomes across disciplines, across timelines.
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So how much do they make?
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If you guessed a lot, you'd be right.
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But how much can a principal engineer at a top tech company make?
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Now, if you guessed C, $600,000 a year or more, then you'd be right.
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Now remember, this is just salary, not equity, bonuses, equity, perks,
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or the massive and generational amounts of company equity that these engineers bring home.
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Now you might be thinking, how could there possibly be another level?
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He just mentioned equity three freaking times.
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But buckle up, there are two more, the first of which being Vice President of Engineering or in smaller organizations, Director of Engineering.
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This is where you're not just managing engineers, you're managing entire departments.
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You've probably got managers reporting to you and they've got managers and engineers under them.
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We are talking Steve Wozniak magnitude of engineer here.
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You're setting roadmaps, defining long-term goals, balancing technical debt against business urgency,
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and making calls that affect hundreds or thousands of people and tens or hundreds of millions of dollars, if not more.
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To make it clear, this role is very far removed from how do we solve this bug and much,
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much closer to how do we scale the company from 50 to 500 engineers without breaking everything.
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You will still be deeply technical, but your workday is likely full of budget planning, cross-functional alignment, hiring strategies, and high-level performance reviews.
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And depending on the industry and company stage, directors and VPs can easily make $300,000 to $700,000 or more a year.
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And I don't know if you saw the news, but if you're the leading AI engineer in the world, you could make $100 million freaking dollars with a sign-on bonus, which is, by the way,
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the largest engineering poach of all time.
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Now it's time for the final boss.
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You've been a staff, principal, or director for a number of years and want to be a major executive or start your own startup.
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What does that look like?
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Well, only about .0001% of people in the world can answer that question truthfully, but I do know that it doesn't involve a lot of sleep.
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At this point, if you made it to the 110,000th percentile, you have a very deep knowledge of your technology and business space.
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You also have a crazy intuition of what products are
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or aren't worth delegating your hundreds or thousands of employees to work on.
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The decisions you make will impact what markets the company enters, what products get built, how millions of dollars are spent every week,
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and ultimately whether the company survives or dies.
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But how much do you make?
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This very much depends on what stage of company you're at and, well, if the company even survives.
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Startup founders and CTOs might not make a ton of money right off the bat, but will have have more dollars in equity than drops of water in their infinity pools.
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We're talking tens or hundreds of millions when the company decides to exit, but it's risky.
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You could spend a decade building a company brick by brick for it to ultimately fall apart.
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On the other hand, tech and big tech CTOs can make well a lot also with a lot of equity.
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But where's the gamble in that?
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Where's the fun?
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Now you might have noticed we missed a very key point in this video.
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Are these engineers actually happy?
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Check out this video to find out.
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And let me know which stage of engineering you're at in the comments below or join me in our discord, I'm happy to chat with you.
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Now thanks for watching and happy engineering everybody!
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “Every Level of Engineering in 15 Minutes”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: engineer, engineering, student. בסרטון הזה יש 201 משפטים ו-2799 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 15:35. הדובר מדבר מהר, כ-180 מילים בדקה, אז צפו לצלילים מחוברים ומקוצרים. 84% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| internship שם עצם | /ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp/ | התמחות |
| ladder שם עצם | /ˈlæd.ɚ/ | סולם, סֻלָּם |
| startup שם עצם | /ˈstɑɹtˌʌp/ | סטארטאפ, חברת סטארטאפ |
| mentor שם עצם | /ˈmɛn.tɔː/ | מַנְחֶה, חוֹנֵךְ |
| dormitory שם עצם | /ˈdɔɹ.mɪˌtɔɹ.i/ | חדר שינה |
| spectacles שם עצם | /ˈspɛktəkl̩z/ | מִשְׁקָפַיִם \ משקפיים |
| buckle שם עצם | /ˈbʌkəl/ | אבזם |
| plateau שם עצם | /plæˈtoʊ/ | רָמָה |
| tutor שם עצם | /ˈtjuːtəː/ | מורה פרטי |
| caffeine שם עצם | /ˈkæfiːn/ | קָפֶאִין |
| honeymoon שם עצם | /ˈhʌn.iˌmuːn/ | יֶרַח דְּבַשׁ |
| drown פועל | /dɹaʊn/ | טָבַע |
| trench שם עצם | /ˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/ | תְּעָלָה |
| contributor שם עצם | /kənˈtɹɪb.jə.tɚ/ | תורם, תורמת |
| millionaire שם עצם | /ˌmɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/ | מִילְיוֹנֶר |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| check out פועל | בדק |
| fall apart פועל | התפרק, מט לנפול |
| figure out פועל | הֵבִין, מצא תשובה |
| grow up פועל | גָּדַל |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- It's free and really helps us out.
- What do we think is the most popular title after graduation?
- Let's get back to the video.
- You're not just building anymore, you're guiding.
- If you guessed a lot, you'd be right.
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| משפטי תנאי (Conditional sentences) if + clause, will/would + verb — תנאי ותוצאה שלו | if you join a startup, there will be · If you guessed a lot, you'd be |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | was thrown · is spent · being introduced |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | I've had · has now graduated · you've been |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | someone who defines · bonus, which is |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-69 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו you're, I'm, we're. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: thermal /ˈθɜːməl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: internship /ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp/, actionable /ˈæk.ʃə.nə.bəl/, intuition /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, shortage /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: actionable /ˈæk.ʃə.nə.bəl/, dormitory /ˈdɔɹ.mɪˌtɔɹ.i/, intuition /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/, repetitive /ɹɪˈpɛtɪtɪv/, contributor /kənˈtɹɪb.jə.tɚ/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, homework /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: ladder /ˈlæd.ɚ/, actionable /ˈæk.ʃə.nə.bəl/, plateau /plæˈtoʊ/, caffeine /ˈkæfiːn/, gamble /ˈɡæm.bəl/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: discord /ˈdɪskɔɹd/, startup /ˈstɑɹtˌʌp/, dormitory /ˈdɔɹ.mɪˌtɔɹ.i/, robotic /ɹoʊˈbɑtɪk/, repetitive /ɹɪˈpɛtɪtɪv/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו internship, ladder, startup.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.