Shadowing Practice: Natalie Portman Harvard Commencement Speech | Harvard Commencement 2015 - Learn English Speaking with Video
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257 משפטים
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- Hello, class of 2015.
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I am so honored to be here today.
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Dean Karana.
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faculty, parents, and most especially graduating students Thank you so much for inviting me.
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The senior class committee, it's genuinely one of the most exciting things I've ever been asked to do.
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I have to admit primarily because I can't deny it, as it was leaked in the WikiLeaks.
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release of the Sony hack that when I was invited I replied and I directly quote my own email.
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Wow, this is so nice.
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I'm gonna need some funny ghostwriters.
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Any ideas?
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This initial response, now blessedly public, was from the knowledge that at my class day, we were lucky enough to have Will Ferrell as class day speaker.
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and that many of us hung over or even freshly high mainly wanted to laugh.
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So I have to admit that today, even 12 years after graduation, I'm still insecure about my own worthiness I have to remind myself today,
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you are here for a reason.
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Today, I feel much like I did when I came to Harvard Yard as a freshman in 1999.
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when you guys were, to my continued shock and horror, still in kindergarten.
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I felt like there had been some mistake.
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that I wasn't smart enough to be in this company, and that every time I opened my mouth, I would have to prove I wasn't just a dumb actress.
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So I start with an apology.
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This won't be very funny.
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I'm not a comedian and I didn't get a ghostwriter.
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But I am here to tell you today Harvard is giving you all diplomas tomorrow.
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You are here for a reason.
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Sometimes your insecurities and your inexperience may lead you to embrace other people's expectations, standards, or values.
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But you can harness that inexperience to carve out your own path.
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one that is free of the burden, of knowing how things are supposed to be a path that is defined by its own particular set of reasons.
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The other day, I went to an amusement park with my soon -to -be four -year -old son
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and I watched him play arcade games.
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He was incredibly focused.
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throwing his ball at the target.
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Jewish mother that I am, I skipped 20 steps
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and was already imagining him as a major league player with what his his aim
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and his arm and his concentration is But then I realized that when he won, He was playing to trade in his tickets for the crappy plastic toys.
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The prize was much more exciting than the game to get it.
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I, of course, wanted to urge him to take joy in the challenge of the game, the improvement upon practice, the satisfaction of doing something well,
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and even feeling the accomplishment when achieving the game's goals.
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But all of these aspects were shaded by the little 10 cent plastic men with sticky, stretchy blue arms that adhere to the walls.
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That was the prize.
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In a child's nature, we see many of our own innate tendencies, I saw myself in him, and perhaps you do too.
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Prizes serve as false idols everywhere.
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prestige, wealth.
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fame, power.
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You will be exposed to many of these, if not all.
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Of course, part of why I was invited to come speak today beyond my being a proud alum.
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is that I've accrued some very coveted toys in my life including a not -so -plastic, not -so -crappy one an Oscar.
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So we bump up against a common trope, I think, of the commencement address.
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People who have achieved a lot telling you that the fruits of achievement are not always to be trusted.
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But I think that contradiction can be reconciled and is in fact instructive
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Achievement is wonderful when you know why you're doing it and when you don't know, it can be a terrible trap.
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I went to a public high school on Long Island, Syacet High School.
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Ooh.
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Hello, stiocid.
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The girls I went to school with had Prada bags and flat ironed hair and they spoke with an accent, I, who had moved there at age nine from Connecticut,
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mimicked to fit in.
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Florida oranges.
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Chocolate cherries.
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Since I'm ancient and the internet was just starting when I was in high school, People didn't really pay that much attention to the fact that I was an actress.
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I was known mainly at school for having a backpack bigger than I was
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and always having whiteout on my hands as I hated seeing anything crossed out in my notebooks.
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I was voted for my senior yearbook, most likely to be a contestant on Jeopardy!
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or code for nerdiest.
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laughter When I got to Harvard just after the release of Star Wars Episode I, I knew I would be starting over in terms of how people viewed me.
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I feared people would assume I had gotten in just for being famous.
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and that they would think I was not worthy of the intellectual rigor here.
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And they would not have been far from the truth.
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When I came here, I had never written a 10 -page paper before.
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I'm not even sure I'd written a five -page paper.
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I was alarmed and intimidated by the calm eyes of fellow students
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who came here from Dalton or Exeter who thought that compared to high school, the workload here was easy.
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I was completely overwhelmed and thought that reading a thousand pages a week was unimaginable, that writing a 50 -page thesis was just something I could never do.
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I had no idea how to declare my intentions.
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I couldn't even articulate them to myself.
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I had been acting since I was 11, but I thought acting was too frivolous.
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and certainly not meaningful.
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I came from a family of academics and was very concerned with being taken seriously.
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in contrast to my inability to declare myself
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on my first day of orientation freshman year five separate students introduce themselves to me by saying, I'm going to be president.
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Remember I told you that.
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Their names for the record were Bernie Sanders, Mark Rubio, Ted Cruz, Barack Obama,
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and Hillary In all seriousness, I believed every one of them.
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Their bearing and self -confidence alone seemed proof of their prophecy, where I couldn't shake my self -doubt.
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I got in only because I was famous.
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This was how others saw me.
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It was how I saw myself.
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Driven by these insecurities, I decided that I was going to find something to do at Harvard that was serious and meaningful, that would change the world and make it a better place.
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At the age of 18, I had already been acting for seven years.
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and assumed I'd find a more serious and profound path in college.
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So freshman fall, I decided to take neurobiology and advanced modern Hebrew literature because I was serious and intellectual.
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Needless to say, I should have failed both.
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I got bees for your information, and to this day, every Sunday, I burn a small effigy to the pagan gods of great inflation.
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But as I was fighting my way through Aleph Bet Yahoshua in Hebrew and the different mechanisms of neural response, I saw friends around me writing papers on sailing.
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and pop culture magazines.
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and professors teaching classes on fairy tales and the matrix I realized that seriousness For serious,
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it's seriousness's sake was its own kind of trophy and a dubious one, a pose I sought to counter some half -imagined argument about who I was.
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There was a reason I was an actor.
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I love what I do.
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And I saw from my peers and my mentors that that was not only an acceptable reason, It was the best reason.
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When I got to my graduation, sitting where you sit today, after four years of trying to get excited about something else,
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I admitted to myself that I couldn't wait to go back and make more films.
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I wanted to tell stories to imagine the lives of others and help others do the same.
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I had found, or perhaps reclaimed, my reason.
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You have a prize now or at least you will tomorrow.
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The prize is a Harvard degree in your hand.
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But what is your reason behind it?
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My Harvard degree represents for me the curiosity and invention that we're encouraged here the friendships I've seen STAINED.
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The way Professor Graham told me not to describe the way light hit a flower.
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but rather the shadow that the flower casts.
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the way Professor Scarry talked about theater as a transformative religious
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force how Professor Coughlin showed how much of our visual cortex is activated just by imagining.
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Now granted, these things don't necessarily help me answer the most common questions I'm asked, What designer are you wearing?
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What's your fitness regime?
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Any makeup tips?
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But I have never since been embarrassed to myself ask what I might previously have thought was a stupid question.
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My Harvard degree and other awards are emblems of the experiences which led me to them.
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the wood -paneled lecture halls, the colorful fall leaves, the hot vanilla Toscanini's, reading great novels in overstuffed library chairs,
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running through dining halls screaming, "Ooh !" Ah!
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City step, city step, city step, city step.
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Woo -hoo!
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It's easy now to romanticize my time here but I had some very difficult times here too.
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Some combination of being 19, dealing with my first heartbreak, taking birth control pills that have since been taken off the market for their depressive side effects,
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and spending too much time missing daylight during winter months.
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led me to some pretty dark moments particularly during sophomore year.
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There were several occasions I started crying in meetings with professors
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overwhelmed with what I was supposed to pull off when I could barely get myself out of bed in the morning.
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Moments when I took on the motto for my schoolwork, done, not good.
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If only I could finish my work, even if it took eating a jumbo pack of Sour Patch Kids to get me through a single 10 -page paper.
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I felt that I had accomplished a great feat.
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I'd repeat to myself, "Done, not good." A couple of years ago, I went to Tokyo with my husband, and I ate at the most remarkable sushi restaurant.
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I don't even eat fish, I'm vegan, so that tells you how good it was.
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even with just vegetables.
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This sushi was the stuff you dream about.
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The restaurant had six My husband and I marveled at how anyone could make rice so superior to all other rice.
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We wondered why they didn't make a bigger restaurant and be the most popular place in town.
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Our local friends explained to us, that all the best restaurants in Tokyo are that small and do only one type of dish
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sushi or tempura or teriyaki because they want to do that thing well and beautifully.
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And it's not about quantity.
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It's about taking pleasure in the perfection and beauty of the particular.
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I'm still learning now that it's about good and maybe never done
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that the joy and work ethic and virtuosity we bring to the particular
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can impart a singular type of enjoyment to those we give to, and of course to ourselves.
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In my professional life, it also took me time to find my own reasons for doing my work.
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The first film I was in came out in 1994.
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again, appallingly, the year most of you were born.
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I was 13 years old upon the film's release
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and I can still quote what the New York Times said about me verbatim: Ms. Portman poses better than she acts.
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The film had a universally tepid critical response and went on to bomb commercially.
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That film was called The Professional, or Leon in Europe.
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And today, 20 years and 35 films later, it is still the film people approach me about the most.
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to tell me how much they loved it, how much it moved them, how it's their favorite movie.
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I feel lucky that my first experience releasing a film was initially such a disaster by all standard measures.
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I learned early that my meaning had to be from the experience of making the film
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and the possibility of connecting with individuals and rather than the foremost trophies in my industry financial and critical success.
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And also that those initial reactions could be false predictors of your work's ultimate legacy.
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I started choosing only jobs I was passionate about, and from which I knew I could glean meaningful experiences.
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This thoroughly confused everyone around me agents, producers, and audiences alike.
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I made Goya's Ghosts, a foreign independent film, and studied art history, visiting the Prado every day for four months as I read about Goya and the Spanish Inquisition.
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I made V for Vendetta, a studio action movie for which I learned everything I could about freedom fighters who in other eyes might be called terrorists.
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from Menachem Begin to the Weather Underground.
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"I Made Your Highness" a pothead comedy with Danny McBride, and laughed for three months straight.
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I was able to own my meaning and not have it be determined by box office. or prestige.
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By the time I got to making Black Swan, The experience was entirely my own.
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I felt immune to the worst things anyone could say or write about me, and to whether an audience felt like going to see my movie or not.
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It was instructive for me to see that ballet dancers For ballet dancers, once your technique gets to a certain level, The only thing that separates you from others is your quirks.
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or even flaws.
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One ballerina was famous for how she turned slightly off balance.
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You can never be the best technically.
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someone will always have a higher jump.
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or a more beautiful line.
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The only thing you can be the best at is developing your own
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Authoring your own experience was very much what Black Swan itself was about.
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I worked with Darren Aronofsky, the film's director, to change my last line in the movie to It was perfect.
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because my character Nina is only artistically successful when she finds perfection and pleasure for herself, not when she's trying to be perfect in the eyes of others.
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So when Black Swan was successful financially, and I began receiving accolades, I felt honored and grateful to have connected with people.
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but the true core of my meaning I had already established.
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and I needed it to be independent of people's reactions to me.
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People told me that black swan was an artistic risk, a scary challenge to try to portray a professional ballet dancer
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but it didn't feel like courage or daring that drew me to it.
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I was so oblivious to my own limits that I did things I was woefully unprepared to do.
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And so the very inexperience that in college had made me feel insecure and made me want to play by others' rules,
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now was making me actually take risks I didn't even realize were risks.
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When Darren asked me if I could do ballet, I told him that I was basically a ballerina.
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Which, by the way, I wholeheartedly believed.
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when it quickly became clear in preparing for the film that I was maybe 15 years away from being a ballerina.
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It made me work a million times harder and of course, The magic of cinema and body doubles helped the final effect.
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But the point is, if I had known my own limitations, I never would have taken the risk.
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And the risk led to one of my greatest artistic and personal experiences.
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and that I not only felt completely free, I also met my husband during filming.
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Similarly, I just directed my first film, A Tale of Love and Darkness.
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and was quite blind to the challenges ahead of me.
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The film is a period film completely in Hebrew, in which I also act with an eight -year -old child as a co -star.
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All of these are challenges I should have been terrified of as I was completely unprepared for them.
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But my complete ignorance as to my own limitations looked like confidence.
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and got me into the director's chair.
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Once there, I had to figure it all out, and my belief that I could handle these things Contrary to all evidence of my ability to do
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so was half the battle.
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The other half was very hard work.
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The experience was the deepest and most meaningful one of my career.
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Now clearly, I'm not urging you to go perform heart surgery without the knowledge to do so.
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Making movies admittedly has less drastic consequences than most professions and allows for a lot of effects that make up for mistakes.
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The thing I'm saying is make use of the fact that you don't doubt yourself too much right now.
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As we get older, we get more realistic.
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And that gets And that includes about our own abilities or lack thereof.
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And that realism does us no favors.
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People always talk about diving into things you're afraid of.
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That never worked for me.
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If I'm afraid, I run away, and I would probably urge my child to do the same.
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Fear protects us in many ways.
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What has served me is diving into my own obliviousness, Being more confident than I should be, which everyone tends to decry in American kids,
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and those of us who have been grade inflated and ego inflated.
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Well, it can be a good thing if it makes you try things you never might have tried.
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Your inexperience is an asset and will allow you to think in original, unconventional ways.
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accept your lack of knowledge and use it as your asset.
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I know a famous violinist who told me that he can't compose because he knows too many pieces.
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So when he starts thinking of a note, an existing piece immediately comes to mind.
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Just starting out, one of your biggest strengths is not knowing how things are supposed to be.
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You can compose freely because your mind isn't cluttered with too many people.
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and you don't take for granted the way things are.
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The only way you know how to do things is your own way.
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You here will all go on to achieve great things There is no doubt about that.
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Each time you set out to do something new, your inexperience can either lead you down
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A path where you will conform to someone else's values
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or you can forge your own path even if you don't realize that's what you're doing if your reasons are your own,
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your path even if it's a strange and clumsy path will be wholly yours.
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And you will control the rewards of what you do by making your internal life fulfilling.
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At the risk of sounding like a Miss America contestant, The most fulfilling things I've experienced have truly been the human interactions.
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Spending time with women in village banks in Mexico with Finca, a microfinance organization
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meeting young women who were the first and only in their communities to attend secondary school in rural Kenya
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with Free the Children, a group that builds sustainable schools in developing countries.
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trekking with guerrilla conservationists in Rwanda, It's a cliche because it's true that helping others ends up helping you more than anyone.
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Getting out of your own concerns and caring about someone else's life for a while, reminds you that you are not the center of the universe.
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and that in the ways We are generous.
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or not we can change the course someone's life.
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Even at work, the small feats of kindness, crew members, directors, fellow actors have shown me have had the most lasting impact.
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And of course, first and foremost, The center of my world is the love I share with my family and friends.
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I wish for you
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that your friends will be with you through it all as my friends from Harvard have been together since we graduated.
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My friends from school are still very close.
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We have nursed each other through heartaches and danced at each other's weddings.
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We've held each other at funerals.
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and rocked each other's new babies.
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We've worked together on projects, helped each other get jobs, and thrown parties for when we've quit bad ones.
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And now our children are creating a second generation of friendship as we look at them toddling together
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haggard and disheveled working parents that we are.
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Grab the good people around you, don't let them go.
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The biggest asset this school offers you is a group of peers that will be both your family
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and your school for life.
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I remember always being pissed at the spring here. in Cambridge.
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tricking us into remembering a sunny yard full of laughing frisbee throwers after eight months of dark, frigid library dwelling.
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It was like the school had managed to turn on the
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good weather is a last memory we should keep in mind that would make us want to come back.
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But as I get farther away from my years here, I know that the power of this school is much deeper than weather control.
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It changed the very questions I was asking.
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To quote one of my favorite thinkers, Abraham Joshua Heschel.
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To be or not to be is not the question The vital question is, how to be and how not to be.
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Thank you.
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I can't wait to see how you do all the beautiful things you will do.
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Thank you.
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C2 מבוסס על הסרטון “Natalie Portman Harvard Commencement Speech”. בסרטון הזה יש 257 משפטים ו-3605 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 20:08. הדובר מדבר בקצב טבעי של כ-179 מילים בדקה, קרוב לשיחה יומיומית. רק 80% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שאוצר המילים מאתגר.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| swan שם עצם | /swɑn/ | ברבור |
| ballet שם עצם | /bælˈeɪ/ | בָּלֵט |
| sushi שם עצם | /ˈsuːʃi/ | סוּשִׁי |
| dancer שם עצם | /ˈdænsəɹ/ | רקדן \ רַקְדָן, רקדנית \ רַקְדָנִית |
| fulfill פועל | /fʊlˈfɪl/ | קִיֵּם |
| perfection שם עצם | /pɚˈfɛk.ʃən/ | הִשׁתַלְמוּת |
| daylight שם עצם | /ˈdeɪˌlaɪt/ | אור יום |
| vegetable שם עצם | /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/ | יֶרֶק |
| vegan שם עצם | /ˈviːɡən/ | טִבְעוֹנִי |
| curiosity שם עצם | /ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/ | סקרנות |
| sail שם עצם | /seɪl/ | מִפְרָשׂ |
| pill שם עצם | /pɪl/ | כַּדּוּר, גְּלוּלָה |
| invention שם עצם | /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/ | הַמְצָאָה |
| ignorance שם עצם | /ˈɪɡ.nɚ.əns/ | בּוּרוּת |
| thesis שם עצם | /ˈθisɪs/ | תֶּזָה |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| come back פועל | שָׁב |
| run away פועל | בָּרַח |
| take off פועל | הֵסִיר, הוֹרִיד |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- I'm gonna need some funny ghostwriters.
- I couldn't even articulate them to myself.
- What's your fitness regime?
- We've held each other at funerals.
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | I've ever been asked · I've accrued · have achieved |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | been asked · was leaked · was invited |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | one that is · People who have · women who were |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-49 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו I'm, don't, didn't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: thesis /ˈθisɪs/, thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: sushi /ˈsuːʃi/, freshman /ˈfɹɛʃ.mən/, limitation /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/, perfection /pɚˈfɛk.ʃən/, graduation /ˌɡɹæd͡ʒuˈeɪʃən/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: limitation /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/, graduation /ˌɡɹæd͡ʒuˈeɪʃən/, beautifully /ˈbju.tɪ.fə.li/, inability /ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti/, comedian /kəˈmiː.di.ən/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: swan /swɑn/, overwhelm /ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɛlm/, quantity /ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/, consequence /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: ballet /bælˈeɪ/, dancer /ˈdænsəɹ/, graduation /ˌɡɹæd͡ʒuˈeɪʃən/, activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/, embarrassed /ɪmˈbæɹ.əst/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: freshman /ˈfɹɛʃ.mən/, dancer /ˈdænsəɹ/, instructive /ɪnˈstɹʌktɪv/, seriousness /ˈsɪɹiəsnəs/, insecure /ɪnsəˈkjʊɹ/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו swan, ballet, sushi.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.