शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Benedict Cumberbatch reads Kurt Vonnegut's letter to the future - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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65 वाक्य
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Reviewer.pxs.
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It's been suggested that you might welcome words of wisdom from the past
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and that several of us in the 20th century should send you, son.
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Do you know this advice from Polonius in Shakespeare's Hamlet, this above all to thine own self be true?
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Or what about these instructions from St. John the Divine?
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Fear God and give glory to him for the hour of his judgment has come.
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The best advice from my own era for you or just about anybody, anytime I guess, is a prayer first used by alcoholics who hope to never take a drink again.
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God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, the courage to change the things I can, and the wisdom to know the difference.
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Our century hasn't been as free with words of wisdom as some others.
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I think because we were the first to get reliable information about the human situation.
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How many of us there were.
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How much food there was.
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Whether we could raise or gather.
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How fast we were reproducing.
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What made us sick.
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What made us die.
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how much damage we were doing to the air and water and topsoil on which most life forms depended.
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How violent and heartless nature can be and on and on.
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Who could wax wise with so much bad news pouring in?
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For me, the most paralyzing news was that nature was no conservationist.
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It needed no help from us in taking the planet apart and putting it back together some different way, not necessarily improving it from the viewpoint of living things.
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It set fire to forests with lightning bolts.
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It paved vast tracts of arable land with lava, which could no more support life than big city parking lots.
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It had in the past sent glaciers down from the North Pole to grind up major portions of Asia, Europe, and North America.
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Nor was there any reason to think that it would not do that again someday.
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At this very moment, it is turning African farms to deserts
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and can be expected to heave up tidal waves or shower down white-hot boulders from outer space at any time.
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It has not only exterminated exquisitely evolved species in a twinkling, but drained oceans and drowned continents as well.
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If people think nature is their friend, then they have no need of an enemy.
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Yes, and as you people a hundred years from now must know full well, and as your grandchildren will know even better, nature is ruthless
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when it comes to matching the quantity of life in any
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given place at any given time to the quantity of nourishment available.
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So what have you and nature done about overpopulation?
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Back here in 1988, we were seeing ourselves as a new sort of glacier,
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warm-blooded and clever, unstoppable, about to gobble up everything and then make love and then double in size again.
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Second thought, I'm not sure I could bear to hear what you
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and nature may have done about too many people for too small a food supply.
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And here is a crazy idea I'd like to try on you.
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Is it possible that we aimed rockets with hydrogen-bombed warheads at each other, all set to go, in order to take our minds off the deeper problem?
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How cruelly nature can be expected to treat us, nature being nature, and the by and by?
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Now that we can discuss the mess we are in with some precision, I hope you have stopped choosing abysmally ignorant optimists for positions of leadership.
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They were useful only so long as nobody had a clue as to what was really going on
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during the past 7 million years or so.
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In my time, they have been catastrophic.
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They have been as heads of sophisticated institutions with real work to do.
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The sort of leader we need now
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are not those who promise ultimate victory over nature through perseverance and living as we do right now,
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but those with the courage and intelligence to present to the world what appears to be nature's stern but reasonable surrender terms.
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One, reduce and stabilize your population.
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Two, stop poisoning the air, the water, and the topsoil.
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Three, stop preparing for war and start dealing with your real problems.
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4. Teach your kids and yourselves, while you're at it, how to inhabit a small planet without helping to kill it.
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5. Stop thinking that science can fix anything if you give it a trillion dollars.
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Stop thinking.
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Your grandchildren will be okay, no matter how wasteful or destructive you may be,
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since they can go to a nice new planet on a spaceship.
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That is really mean and stupid.
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And so on, or else.
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Am I too pessimistic about life a hundred years from now?
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Maybe I've spent too much time with scientists and not enough time with speech writers for politicians.
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For all I know, even bag ladies and bag gentlemen will have their own personal helicopters or rocket belts in AD 2088.
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Nobody will have to leave home to go to work or school, or even stop watching television.
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Everybody will sit around all day, punching the keys of computer terminals connected to everything there is,
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and sip orange drink through straws like astronauts.
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Cheers, Kurt Vonnegut.

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह C1 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Benedict Cumberbatch reads Kurt Vonnegut's letter to the future” पर आधारित है। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 65 वाक्य और 889 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 6:42 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 133 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। 84% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
grandchild संज्ञा/ˈɡɹændˌtʃaɪld/पोता, नाती
glacier संज्ञा/ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/हिमानी, हिमनदी
quantity संज्ञा/ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/मात्रा, परिमाण
heartless विशेषण/ˈhɑɹt.lɪs/निर्दयी
inhabit क्रिया/ɪnˈhæbɪt/वास, निवास
nourishment संज्ञा/ˈnɝɪʃmənt/पोषण
perseverance संज्ञा/ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/दृढ़ता
reviewer संज्ञाविवेचक, समीक्षक
serenity संज्ञा/səˈɹɛnɪti/शांति
spaceship संज्ञाअंतरिक्ष यान
warhead संज्ञाध्वंसशीर्ष
astronaut संज्ञा/ˈæstɹəˌnɔt/अंतरिक्ष यात्री, खगोलयात्री
ruthless विशेषण/ˈɹuːθləs/क्रूर, निर्दयी
drown क्रिया/dɹaʊn/डूबना
boulder संज्ञा/ˈboʊl.dɚ/पत्थर

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचनावीडियो में
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी हैIt's been suggested · has come · hasn't been
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता हैbeen suggested · can be expected

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 5 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे hasn't, I'd, I'm। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: glacier /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/, nourishment /ˈnɝɪʃmənt/, overpopulation /ˌoʊvɚˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, precision /pɹɪˈsɪʒ.ən/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: exterminate /ɪkˈstɝ.mɪ.neɪt/, overpopulation /ˌoʊvɚˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, perseverance /ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/, pessimistic /ˌpɛ.səˈmɪs.tɪk/, serenity /səˈɹɛnɪti/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

  • /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: quantity /ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/, overpopulation /ˌoʊvɚˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, perseverance /ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/, twinkle /ˈtwɪŋ.kəl/, wasteful /ˈweɪstfəl/
  • /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: abysmally /əˈbɪz.ml̩.i/, paralyze /ˈpæɹəˌlaɪz/, stabilize /ˈsteɪ.bəˌlaɪz/, yourselves /jəˈsɛlvz/, poison /ˈpɔɪ.zən/
  • शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: stabilize /ˈsteɪ.bəˌlaɪz/, stern /stɝn/, straw /stɹɔ/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर grandchild, glacier, quantity जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →