تدريب Shadowing: Benedict Cumberbatch reads Kurt Vonnegut's letter to the future - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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Reviewer.pxs.
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It's been suggested that you might welcome words of wisdom from the past
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and that several of us in the 20th century should send you, son.
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Do you know this advice from Polonius in Shakespeare's Hamlet, this above all to thine own self be true?
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Or what about these instructions from St. John the Divine?
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Fear God and give glory to him for the hour of his judgment has come.
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The best advice from my own era for you or just about anybody, anytime I guess, is a prayer first used by alcoholics who hope to never take a drink again.
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God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, the courage to change the things I can, and the wisdom to know the difference.
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Our century hasn't been as free with words of wisdom as some others.
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I think because we were the first to get reliable information about the human situation.
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How many of us there were.
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How much food there was.
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Whether we could raise or gather.
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How fast we were reproducing.
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What made us sick.
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What made us die.
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how much damage we were doing to the air and water and topsoil on which most life forms depended.
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How violent and heartless nature can be and on and on.
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Who could wax wise with so much bad news pouring in?
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For me, the most paralyzing news was that nature was no conservationist.
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It needed no help from us in taking the planet apart and putting it back together some different way, not necessarily improving it from the viewpoint of living things.
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It set fire to forests with lightning bolts.
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It paved vast tracts of arable land with lava, which could no more support life than big city parking lots.
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It had in the past sent glaciers down from the North Pole to grind up major portions of Asia, Europe, and North America.
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Nor was there any reason to think that it would not do that again someday.
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At this very moment, it is turning African farms to deserts
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and can be expected to heave up tidal waves or shower down white-hot boulders from outer space at any time.
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It has not only exterminated exquisitely evolved species in a twinkling, but drained oceans and drowned continents as well.
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If people think nature is their friend, then they have no need of an enemy.
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Yes, and as you people a hundred years from now must know full well, and as your grandchildren will know even better, nature is ruthless
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when it comes to matching the quantity of life in any
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given place at any given time to the quantity of nourishment available.
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So what have you and nature done about overpopulation?
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Back here in 1988, we were seeing ourselves as a new sort of glacier,
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warm-blooded and clever, unstoppable, about to gobble up everything and then make love and then double in size again.
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Second thought, I'm not sure I could bear to hear what you
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and nature may have done about too many people for too small a food supply.
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And here is a crazy idea I'd like to try on you.
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Is it possible that we aimed rockets with hydrogen-bombed warheads at each other, all set to go, in order to take our minds off the deeper problem?
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How cruelly nature can be expected to treat us, nature being nature, and the by and by?
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Now that we can discuss the mess we are in with some precision, I hope you have stopped choosing abysmally ignorant optimists for positions of leadership.
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They were useful only so long as nobody had a clue as to what was really going on
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during the past 7 million years or so.
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In my time, they have been catastrophic.
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They have been as heads of sophisticated institutions with real work to do.
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The sort of leader we need now
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are not those who promise ultimate victory over nature through perseverance and living as we do right now,
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but those with the courage and intelligence to present to the world what appears to be nature's stern but reasonable surrender terms.
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One, reduce and stabilize your population.
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Two, stop poisoning the air, the water, and the topsoil.
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Three, stop preparing for war and start dealing with your real problems.
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4. Teach your kids and yourselves, while you're at it, how to inhabit a small planet without helping to kill it.
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5. Stop thinking that science can fix anything if you give it a trillion dollars.
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Stop thinking.
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Your grandchildren will be okay, no matter how wasteful or destructive you may be,
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since they can go to a nice new planet on a spaceship.
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That is really mean and stupid.
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And so on, or else.
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Am I too pessimistic about life a hundred years from now?
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Maybe I've spent too much time with scientists and not enough time with speech writers for politicians.
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For all I know, even bag ladies and bag gentlemen will have their own personal helicopters or rocket belts in AD 2088.
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Nobody will have to leave home to go to work or school, or even stop watching television.
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Everybody will sit around all day, punching the keys of computer terminals connected to everything there is,
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and sip orange drink through straws like astronauts.
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Cheers, Kurt Vonnegut.

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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

هذا الدرس في المحادثة بمستوى C1 مبني على الفيديو “Benedict Cumberbatch reads Kurt Vonnegut's letter to the future”. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 65 جملة و889 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 6:42. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 133 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 84% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

أصعب 15 كلمة في الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:

الكلمةالنطقالمعنى
grandchild اسم/ˈɡɹændˌtʃaɪld/حَفِيد, حَفِيدَة
glacier اسم/ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/مَثْلَجَة, مَجْلَدَة
quantity اسم/ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/كَمِّيَّة, مِقْدَار
inhabit فعل/ɪnˈhæbɪt/أَقَام, قَطَن
optimist اسم/ˈɑptɪmɪst/مُتَفَائِل
overpopulation اسم/ˌoʊvɚˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/زيادة سكانية
paralyze فعل/ˈpæɹəˌlaɪz/أَشَلَّ
perseverance اسم/ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/مُثَابَرَة
pessimistic صفة/ˌpɛ.səˈmɪs.tɪk/مُتَشَائِم
serenity اسم/səˈɹɛnɪti/سَكِينَة اَلرُّوح, صَفَاء
spaceship اسمسَفِينَة فَضَائِيَّة, مَرْكَبَة فَضَائِيَّة
twinkle فعل/ˈtwɪŋ.kəl/لَأْلَأَ
warhead اسمرَأْس حَرْبِيّ
astronaut اسم/ˈæstɹəˌnɔt/رَجُل فَضَاء, رَائِد فَضَاء
ruthless صفة/ˈɹuːθləs/قَاسٍ

القواعد في هذا الفيديو

أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:

التركيبفي الفيديو
المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآنIt's been suggested · has come · hasn't been
المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعلهbeen suggested · can be expected

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

يستخدم المتحدث 5 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل hasn't, I'd, I'm. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.

  • أصوات “sh” و“zh”: glacier /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/, nourishment /ˈnɝɪʃmənt/, overpopulation /ˌoʊvɚˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, precision /pɹɪˈsɪʒ.ən/
  • الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: exterminate /ɪkˈstɝ.mɪ.neɪt/, overpopulation /ˌoʊvɚˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, perseverance /ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/, pessimistic /ˌpɛ.səˈmɪs.tɪk/, serenity /səˈɹɛnɪti/

أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:

  • /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: optimist /ˈɑptɪmɪst/, overpopulation /ˌoʊvɚˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, paralyze /ˈpæɹəˌlaɪz/, perseverance /ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/, pessimistic /ˌpɛ.səˈmɪs.tɪk/
  • /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: overpopulation /ˌoʊvɚˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, perseverance /ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/, viewpoint /ˈvjuː.pɔɪnt/, lava /ˈlɑvə/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/
  • تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: grandchild /ˈɡɹændˌtʃaɪld/, glacier /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/, quantity /ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/, abysmally /əˈbɪz.ml̩.i/, cruelly /ˈkɹuːəli/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

  1. استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
  2. ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
  3. سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل grandchild, glacier, quantity.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

تقنية الشادوينغ: اقرأ الدليل الكامل خطوة بخطوة →