शैडोइंग अभ्यास: China's competition for living space | DW Documentary - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
1
China's cities are growing at a breathtaking pace.
2
Mega metropolises with glittering facades for the ultra-rich.
3
What the major cities really want, the way they're thinking, is to have the high-end, if we call them the high-end population.
4
More and more Chinese are moving from the country to the city.
5
But beyond the shiny high-rises, the streets are narrow, loud and dirty.
6
There is no regulation or law in China that protects tenant rights.
7
Homeowners are expropriated, forced to yield to the construction boom.
8
Building space is in high demand.
9
Those left behind have no legal recourse.
10
They become desperate.
11
My house is gone, torn down, everything's gone.
12
China's struggle for living space.
13
Li Qijong is ready to defend his home to the last.
14
China as such does not have a particularly dense population, but its sprawling urban agglomerations do.
15
Cities with millions of inhabitants are practically sprouting up overnight.
16
Megacities, modern, glamorous and full of superlatives.
17
In 1980, 20% of China's population lived in cities.
18
Today, that figure has risen to 60%, over 800 million people.
19
No country in the world has as many large cities with over one million inhabitants.
20
China has more than 100.
21
Experts expect that figure to double in just a few years.
22
German architect Erks Schafartzik moved to China as its boom was well underway.
23
He has lived and worked here for 11 years.
24
Of course, everyone thinks you can find your fortune in the biggest cities cities.
25
Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, that's where the big money is.
26
It's part of the Chinese dream to live and work in the big, dazzling cities.
27
But most of the former rural residents looking for work can't afford to do so.
28
Millions of them are constantly on the move as migrant workers.
29
Which is sad, because there's not just a few of them, but several hundred million.
30
I don't know the exact number, but about two or three hundred million people, maybe more, are constantly wandering from one place to the next to make money because they can't at home.
31
There they could only work in the fields.
32
And even that isn't so easy anymore because so much land is so contaminated, it's become completely infertile and then nothing will grow.
33
a month in 2017, making a city apartment way beyond his means.
34
Author David Bandersky has lived in Hong Kong for 14 years.
35
He has witnessed the social upheaval across China from up close.
36
They can't afford these new apartments that are built.
37
These very rapidly, by the 90s, were becoming really expensive
38
and you needed to have a proper job and a proper work permit, etc., to even be able to buy property.
39
So they were rural people living and working in the city, and it was natural for them to look for spaces that accepted them.
40
This is where migrant and low-income workers can afford to live, in China's so-called urban villages.
41
Formerly real villages surrounded by fields, today they are surrounded by the city.
42
No glitter, no glass facades, but affordable.
43
Places that mostly remain hidden from tourists' curious gaze.
44
And that's a village, just a tight urban space, almost like a large city block, just packed with migrants.
45
At the heart of the megacity Shenzhen, we managed to film one of these poor neighborhoods.
46
Here, people live in cramped quarters under the most difficult conditions.
47
Filming is not officially allowed.
48
We weren't granted permission to capture the dark side of China's economic boom.
49
If you're renting a room in a very central village, it might be more than one on the outskirts, but you could find a room, maybe a share, and you'd pay 200,
50
300, maybe 500 renminbi per month, 40, 50 euros or something like that.
51
50 euros for a place to sleep in a dorm, compared to 620 for an entire apartment.
52
We want to learn more about the living conditions for the residents here.
53
Ms. Lee shows us her apartment.
54
She and her husband and daughter share 7 square meters.
55
Although she and her husband both have jobs, they can't afford anything larger.
56
At least they have a window.
57
That's not always the case.
58
They have to pay for electricity, water, even school.
59
Life in the city is expensive.
60
The room costs 100 euros per month.
61
A home outside the urban village is out of the question.
62
Other residents also show us their spaces.
63
Although we try to be as inconspicuous as possible, we get caught several times.
64
No cameras allowed.
65
We stop filming.
66
China is a surveillance state, but the police can't be everywhere.
67
But in these poor areas, we stand out as foreigners all the more.
68
Professor for Architecture, Zhu An Du, works at Hong Kong University.
69
She specialises in large metropolitan areas and urban villages villages.
70
There are urban villages in every single city in China, every single city.
71
Some have hundreds, some have thousands, some have a handful.
72
For decades, the Chinese government has considered urban villages to be eyesores that hindered progress and modernization.
73
They were to vanish from the cityscape and make room for the a new,
74
modern way of living.
75
Make room for skyscrapers and shopping malls, so urgently needed that the urban villages are to make way for them. And the residents?
76
They hardly put up any resistance.
77
They know there is little point in standing up to the government, so they pack up what little they own and move on.
78
Most of the reasons why a government would want to be
79
part of a demolition process to demolish an urban village is
80
because either the government or developer deems there's much better and more valuable use for that land.
81
Municipal governments say the inhabitants of the urban villages should vacate their voluntarily and not stand in the way of potential investors.
82
Severance payments often make it easier to let go.
83
But those who still refuse to leave are put under massive pressure.
84
We learned what that meant in Guangzhou in 2012.
85
Amidst a rubble field marking a former urban village, we met Li Jie.
86
She had been arrested for not abandoning her home.
87
He told me to write a confession.
88
I was so scared and I don't write well.
89
I told him I couldn't write.
90
Then a fellow prisoner wrote something for me.
91
This, here.
92
She told me it was my official objection to the demolition of the house.
93
I was very frightened.
94
I was confused.
95
I just wanted to get out.
96
Even death would have been better.
97
The police were so cruel.
98
They had stun guns.
99
I was terrified.
100
That's why I just signed.
101
I signed and they let me go.
102
Writer and researcher David Bandersky knows many cases like Li Jie's.
103
He was in Guangzhou himself in 2012.
104
You can see in many cases like this, you can see the absolute desperation.
105
And it varies from village to village, but many people are in this case.
106
They have nowhere to go, there's no future for them, no pensions, no place to live.
107
Their community is gone, and they feel just desperate." With her forced signature, Li Jie, who can neither read nor write,
108
formally agreed to the demolition of her home.
109
She received no compensation, and her signature unwittingly waived any later claim to it. So here I am.
110
I stay with one person one day, someone else the next.
111
What can I do?
112
My house is gone.
113
Torn down.
114
Everything is gone.
115
Now all I can do is hang around here.
116
What else is there to do?
117
It's as if they wanted me dead.
118
The day after, Li Jie jumped off the roof of a building and killed herself.
119
A lot of people are jumping off apartment towers.
120
If you've lived in the same place for sometimes more than six generations, then it's hard to comprehend when one day someone shows up and says, it's over and you have to leave,
121
or you're no longer welcome, that you have to make way for something else, a highway or an Olympic stadium or just another high-rise.
122
These developments were particularly extreme in Shenzhen. In 1980, paramount leader Deng Xiaoping proclaimed one of China's first special economic
123
zones in what was then a small town of just under 59,000 inhabitants.
124
Between 1980 and 2010, according to a UN report, Shenzhen was the fastest growing city in human history.
125
The city devoured the neighboring farmland and engulfed entire villages.
126
Today, official figures say Shenzhen has over 12 million inhabitants.
127
In reality, it's probably more than 16 in 2016.
128
Surrounding agricultural areas are still being rezoned as building land by decree.
129
The urban villages within the city are also expected to make way for lucrative new buildings.
130
A law was passed from the central government.
131
All village land inside a certain vicinity now become nationally owned,
132
meaning the land is no longer owned by the villages, they're owned by the government.
133
So this is done by a law, by national law.
134
So you cannot say it's illegal, you could say it's the legality or the correctness of that law,
135
we can argue, but it's a national law.
136
So therefore the villagers found themselves overnight not owning the land."
137
This government decree in the 1990s stated that agricultural land belonged to the state.
138
The farmers tilling the land had no other option than to give in to the state's wishes.
139
To turn land into money.
140
They transferred the land from collective land, which is rural land, and belongs to the collective of the community,
141
and they transfer it into basically state-owned land, state-use land, which means it can be developed.
142
And then they basically auction off the land often to private developers, or state-linked often state-owned developers,
143
big companies, that then build apartments and infrastructure and this kind of thing.
144
In the end, all the farmers were left with were their houses in the village centre.
145
Under Chinese law, these belonged to the collective of all villages, and as such cannot be expropriated as easily.
146
The villagers living in these local villages in the city, the urban villages, recognized a huge economic opportunity.
147
I will take my one or two-storey apartment on my plot of collective land and I will build it to seven,
148
eight stories, as much real estate as I can get, right?
149
And I will rent it to migrant families or individual migrants coming in.
150
And so this is what happened.
151
They became landlords.
152
The farmers, deprived of their fields, had to find creative ways to make money.
153
They built their houses as cheaply and efficiently as possible, as high as the foundations would carry.
154
It's still common practice today.
155
And there's even a word in China, the word for farming is zhongdi, to farm the land.
156
And they talk about zhongfang, to farm a home, to farm a house.
157
The new landlords have to build up this haphazard living space
158
quickly to be able to rent it out as soon as possible.
159
Building regulations, like those the glittering modern palaces must adhere to, have no bearing here.
160
It's true that when you go into these urban villages often it's very dark.
161
The electrical grid is basically all jerry-rigged.
162
You have wires just crossing each other.
163
They look like spider webs in this kind of almost cave-like environment.
164
The reason for this cave-like environment is because on the first floor they build a certain level.
165
There may be three meters between the buildings as a kind of loose regulation, right?
166
They can't be too close together.
167
You need some some access for fire vehicles if you need them.
168
And then the second level they build in because they want to maximize the space, the floor space to rent.
169
More square footage or square meters means more income.
170
So you get this kind of compression of the space until
171
when you're in the bottom level
172
and you look up it's just a crack of sunlight
173
and they call this yixian tian or a line of sky in Chinese.
174
It's almost like seeing light under a closed door.
175
It's just a little bit.
176
And so imagine that and you have open sewers, these kind of burbling open sewers that smell like sewage.
177
So I think a lot of people walking into the space would say, yeah, this is unacceptable for urban living.
178
We are in the urban village of Bai Shizhou.
179
Once again, we have no permit to shoot.
180
It's loud and stifling.
181
The humid air condenses on the sides of the buildings.
182
The houses are overcrowded, and the narrow dark alleys reek of old food, mould and urine.
183
Many of the buildings don't have working toilets.
184
Running water or a washing machine are luxuries hardly anyone here can afford.
185
The urban villages are scattered throughout the inner cities of China's major cities.
186
Their inhabitants paid the price for their country's boom, and they're reminded of that every day.
187
Even by those who are less unfortunate.
188
In China, even in a city like Shenzhen, the prevalent public image is that they're all dirty, they're all unsanitary, they're all bad.
189
That is the public image.
190
The low-wage workers who live here are major contributors to the city's economic flourishing.
191
Yet even so, they are a thorn in the side of the government.
192
They want to build profitable apartment buildings there, and they want to sell the land for a lot of money to developers,
193
because this is a primary source of revenue still for many cities in China.
194
It's not tax revenue, income tax, it's revenue from land sales.
195
Huge profits are to be had in the property and housing market in major Chinese cities.
196
By the summer of 2019, average property prices in Shenzhen had skyrocketed compared to ten years earlier.
197
In Beijing, they also rose sharply.
198
Land for construction is becoming increasingly scarce, and anyone who snaps it up cheap can expect a hefty profit.
199
This creates a situation where the city is determined to get the land of the villagers
200
and they don't want to pay a fair price for that land.
201
They want it cheap so they can sell it at a profit to the developers.
202
All over the country, the government forces urban villages to give way to new construction projects in the name of progress.
203
Local protest is mostly in vain.
204
Police, city administrations and building contractors form a powerful alliance, something the public shouldn't be aware of.
205
The land is not owned by individual villagers, the land is collected and owned by the village.
206
So what that means is that the village collective, in some cases a handful of elderly men,
207
hold a lot of power in negotiation.
208
So most of the times when it is a negotiation between a developer or government about the fate of certain villages,
209
they are not going to all the villagers, they're going to say the representatives of the village, which usually is the village elders, the village collective.
210
The villagers are at the mercy of their representatives' negotiating skills, and they don't always act in the best interest of the community.
211
Again and again, negotiations take place completely behind the backs of the homeowners concerned.
212
There's been examples where the villagers had no idea
213
that the head of the village collective company have signed an agreement with a developer to sell their village,
214
and they took the money and left China.
215
In recent years, hundreds of thousands have been forced out of their homes in urban villages.
216
Only few dare to take a stand.
217
One of them is Li Qijong in Guangzhou.
218
He is pitted against the city administration and a powerful contractor.
219
His family has lived in the urban village of Yangji for generations.
220
Once, it was a farming village with 3,000 inhabitants.
221
Now, it has become home to over 70,000 migrant workers in the middle of the financial district of Guangzhou.
222
Why are they tearing it down so early at 6 a.m.?
223
Because they want to do it in secret.
224
We first met Li, his wife and two children, in 2012.
225
They are the last remaining residents in their building.
226
Not long ago, 50 people shared the same roof.
227
They had come to the city from the countryside in the hope of a better life.
228
Li Qijion's family has owned the house and the surrounding plot of land for generations.
229
He has documents to prove it.
230
This is a title deed from the 32nd year of the Republic of China. That would be 1943.
231
in the eighth month of the moon, 70 years ago.
232
Seventy years!
233
Older than the Communist Party, older than the People's Republic of China.
234
This document is not just a title deed.
235
It also shows that Li is officially a rural citizen, with fewer rights in the city.
236
So China has a system of what's called household registration,
237
where the people are actually registered to their either urban or rural area of usually birth.
238
The system dates to the 1950s.
239
At that time, every household had to make a decision.
240
Rural meant that they were entitled to a plot of land for subsistence farming.
241
Urban guaranteed a workplace, subsidised housing, access to education and healthcare, and a pension.
242
Legally speaking, Li Qi-jong is a rural resident.
243
Outside the urban village he lives in, he has no right to use public services, unless he manages to buy an apartment in the city.
244
But until you purchase a property in a city, you cannot get your local registration card, what's called a hukou.
245
You just do not have local registration, which means it's almost It's impossible to get into local schools.
246
Your kid will not have a school.
247
And you won't have access to health care.
248
Fair compensation for the house would help ease the family's desperate financial situation.
249
They could stay in the city, buy an apartment, register and find work.
250
This is what Li Jijong wants.
251
But neither the city administration nor the building contractor will hear anything of it.
252
But he won't back down.
253
He's agreed to let us film his struggle.
254
That night, the utility lines to his house are cut off.
255
They cut the power.
256
Here come the police.
257
But that won't stop them.
258
No one expects any help from the police.
259
The family is forced to improvise.
260
Water is only available at the edge of what has become a desert of rubble.
261
To get there, they have to run a gauntlet of angry construction workers.
262
A generator supplies the family with electricity.
263
Lee is always on guard and hasn't left the house for months for months.
264
He's heard of cases where construction workers have been quick to deal with residents like him, and that scares him.
265
But he wants to hold out until the end for himself and for his family.
266
And this is why you have the whole phenomenon of what we call nail houses, or in Chinese, dingzi hu.
267
Individual landowners, property owners, if we call them owners, villagers who decide they're going to stay in their property,
268
that they're going to hold out
269
and wait for proper compensation by going head to head with the local property company and city leaders.
270
And they stay there.
271
They call them nail houses because they're like nails that can't be pulled out.
272
There are hundreds of nail houses in China.
273
Some of them have even made the front pages of international newspapers.
274
A sign of protest that is usually broken at some point.
275
The chances of winning the battle are slim.
276
The other side is too powerful, and people evicted from their homes are often injured in the process.
277
Li Qi-Zhong knows this and is gearing up, as if for battle.
278
You can throw that out the window.
279
It has a brick as an anchor.
280
Then I can light the fuse and run away.
281
Lee Chijong has prepared enough homemade explosives to bring it all down.
282
If anyone gets in, they won't make it out alive.
283
He films himself as he places them throughout the building.
284
This is for the stairs one floor down, the second floor.
285
The entrance stairs.
286
That one there is for the rooms on the ground floor.
287
This connects the gas to the room.
288
The entrance stairs.
289
That one there is for the rooms on the ground floor.
290
This connects the gas to the roof.
291
The bombs on the roof, here and here.
292
Everything is labeled.
293
If you're going to do it, you have to do it right.
294
So, the individual nailhauser who basically arms his six-story building as
295
an explosive device ready to go off as soon as his home is invaded,
296
is only the mirror image of the violent city government that's in cahoots with the property developer
297
that will cut your electrical lines and beat up your relatives and harass your kids on the way to school.
298
The tactics aren't very different on either side.
299
Both sides are resorting to violence and the threat of violence to get what they want.
300
It's the law of the jungle." Li Qi-Jean's resistance has put the construction work months behind schedule.
301
Tension is rising at the building site.
302
The bosses pass their frustration on to their employees.
303
If nothing gets built, no one gets paid.
304
The first workers lose their patience and attack a former neighbour.
305
Li Qi-Jean, stuck in his own home, can't come to her aid.
306
The police arrive, but don't intervene.
307
You police are all crooks.
308
Nothing but small-time crooks.
309
The big crooks are the corrupt officials.
310
You just represent the government.
311
You only say whatever the government tells you to.
312
I tell the truth.
313
Go ahead and write me up.
314
Charge me with whatever you want.
315
I've already been to court.
316
You only act in the interest of the government.
317
Your job is to defend the law, but you don't." Officially, all homeowners in the village have received generous compensation.
318
Li Qijong denies this and speaks of corrupt officials embezzling funds.
319
Sure, the government has paid out money, he says, but it doesn't seem to care who gets it.
320
There are lots of examples of corruption in the area, including the government would provide a certain amount per month, a certain number of yen per person,
321
per resident of the village, per month for a period of three years, for example, from loss of livelihood as they took farmland, right, because this was a source of livelihood.
322
And I had documents at the time that were provided by people to me
323
that would show that basically the head of the village had overreported the number of villagers eligible.
324
So you look at the kind of roster of the population of the village
325
and what was reported to city authorities with all the stamps from the county level,
326
from this office, from everyone who were probably involved to overreport the amount of compensation that was due.
327
Where did the compensation go?
328
For years, corruption has been one of China's most serious problems, and the government is determined to tackle it.
329
It seems to have spread everywhere, even into the housing market.
330
If you speak to the majority of people in a city like Shenzhen, they would say the villagers have hit the lottery.
331
that most of the villagers, in exchange for the land or their building,
332
did receive an enormous amount of money.
333
Li Qijong swears he has yet to see a single yuan.
334
But after months of psychological warfare, he has given way a little.
335
His wife and two children have moved into a small one-room apartment in another urban village that's still standing.
336
From now on, Li Qi-Zhong is on his own.
337
He's not sure if he will ever see his family again.
338
The only thing he's certain of is that the construction workers will continue to pressure him, if need be, with force.
339
It's a huge, it's a huge problem, because they learn from the system that violence is what solves the problem.
340
They're not going to die!
341
Each night we watch as the construction companies send out another gang of hooligans.
342
They throw rocks at the windows and make sure the few remaining residents can't find any rest.
343
As soon as the thugs disappear, the police surface.
344
As long as the thugs stay, the police never show up.
345
It's been over 60 weeks, and Li Qijong is completely worn out.
346
Sleep is out of the question.
347
The risk is too great that he might miss an attack and not be able to defend himself.
348
I don't know if it's day or night.
349
The construction company thugs usually attack after midnight.
350
They smash windows, bang on doors.
351
It's constant chaos.
352
They put us nail house residents under such enormous pressure.
353
It's past midnight now.
354
I'd guess four in the morning.
355
They'll probably strike again around five o'clock.
356
I guess four in the morning.
357
They'll probably strike again around five o'clock.
358
I guess four in the morning.
359
He feels condemned to sit and wait.
360
For months he's defended his home like a fortress.
361
The broken windows are closed off with metal rods and wooden boards.
362
Hardly any daylight gets in.
363
In his previous life, Lee was a simple worker.
364
Now he's facing down a huge enemy in a war of attrition.
365
You know, stability is used as a justification in going after these resisting villagers.
366
They're seen as dangers, right?
367
But the upshot of this kind of conflict, I think, is a real instability.
368
The fact that they can't protect the rights of these villagers in a systematic and fair way.
369
Li Qizhong's situation became desperate in 2013, after more than a year of conflict.
370
One morning, a demolition company arrived with heavy equipment.
371
Lee used the camera we gave him to document what was happening to the residents of the nail house.
372
When he couldn't think of anything else to do, he dialed the number of the citizens' hotline.
373
The city says that you are trying to get a very cruel situation.
374
I want to make sure that you are taking a step to the right place.
375
You can't stop the right place.
376
Yes, Mr. Kauai.
377
Our city says that We are still in the right place.
378
We are in the city of Rangkei Chuan.
379
There is a part of the city.
380
You heard the sound?
381
You still need to write.
382
Please help me to turn 111.
383
You can turn 111.
384
You can turn 111.
385
You can turn 111. Because I call 111.
386
The police are still in the middle.
387
Now, the house is like this.
388
Now, you still need to write.
389
I'm going to go to the house.
390
The situation threatens to spiral out of control.
391
We retreat to safety.
392
The construction workers force their way into the nail houses, intent on beating Li Qi-jong and his last remaining neighbours out of the house.
393
Technically that's against the law, so they try to do it as quickly and quietly as possible.
394
But the men fight back and detonate their self-made explosives.
395
They're loud and anything but subtle.
396
I'm going to go.
397
The noise caused by the explosive devices and Li's loud cries make the thugs call off their attack.
398
Li Qizhong's stubborn battle might be an exception to the rule, but he's not the only one.
399
All over China, protests against the demolition of the urban villages have been growing for more than ten years.
400
The demonstrators often wear the red hats that signify membership in the ruling Communist Party.
401
Who would dare use violence against them?
402
Their protest attracts attention, both abroad and in China itself.
403
This collective community was basically turning to collective action, and not even just that, village after village, but village to village.
404
Villages linking with other villages that were facing similar problems, sharing information about how to protest, what are the effective ways,
405
what are the legal ways, what are the sort of, you know, in terms of protest or or petitioning, you know, how does it work, what's effective.
406
Ultimately, Li Qijong succeeded.
407
In his case, his loud protest led to an amicable settlement.
408
The construction company finally offered him a sum that he could accept.
409
He won't say how much.
410
But his struggle left behind scars.
411
To this day, Li lives in constant fear of revenge.
412
What's the knife for?
413
What if they come after me?
414
What would I do without it?
415
I can't defend myself unarmed.
416
Yes, but those knives...
417
I'm ready if they attack me.
418
They'll pay for it.
419
That's what you think.
420
No chance without a knife.
421
Hu Juntao was president of the People's Republic of China for 10 years.
422
Xi Jinping became his successor in March 2013.
423
He announced he would take more decisive action against corruption.
424
And the situation has improved for homeowners from the slums.
425
There are now rules for compensation, but they vary widely from one region to the next.
426
have no way of knowing to what extent they are actually complied with.
427
The sums being paid are insanely high.
428
They mostly buy living space, not just here, but elsewhere in other regions.
429
The number of conflicts over the demolition of urban villages has decreased.
430
But that doesn't mean circumstances have improved for the roughly 300 million low-income and migrant workers.
431
The raising of entire slum neighborhoods has left countless homeless.
432
The migrant workers who suffered, if you want to see it that way, under these poor conditions, are in another urban village, further out of the city.
433
They have to commute further for their job at the supermarket that these handful of rich who now live there shop in.
434
So it's a really kind of vicious cycle.
435
Yet China's real estate boom continues.
436
In 2017, a typical apartment in Shenzhen cost 41 times the average annual salary.
437
By comparison, in the German city of Munich, it cost 13 years' salary.
438
As a result, 22%, nearly a quarter of apartments in China, are empty.
439
Because nobody is willing or able to pay the rent, or because the owners hope the price will increase even further.
440
50 million vacant apartments, and there's no end in sight.
441
Now Beijing is set to merge with Huairo, Tianjin, and parts of Hebei.
442
So it will form a huge triangle, and the population is expected to grow to an estimated 60 to 70 million.
443
I don't know if that will happen, but if the past 10 to 11 years are any guide, it's entirely possible.
444
time." Shortly after, expectations had risen to 130 million.
445
By 2030, experts estimate that 80% of the population will live in cities.
446
But none of this would have been possible without low-wage workers.
447
And for them, one question is becoming ever more pressing.
448
At what cost?
📺 उसी चैनल से
B21
The secret to concentration - How to increase your attention span | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
BookTok and Gen Z - Are young people saving the book market? | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
Cheap and toxic - The dark side of mass-produced fashion jewelry from China | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C13
Skin: Multitalented and underappreciated | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C12
Virtual love - How dangerous are AI relationships? | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
What it's like to be a working homeless person in Germany | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
Eco-burial - Would you consider being composted? | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
Can trees save the planet? | DW Documentary
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C111
Global renewables: Pioneering the energy transition | DW Documentary
IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
B27
Father unknown? Life as a sperm donor's child | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
Our memory - A phenomenal storage system | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Junk food, sugar and additives - The dark side of the food industry | DW Documentary
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C1Do we need to eat meat? | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C1Smart insects - The astonishing intelligence of bumblebees, wasps & co. | DW Documentary
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2Rivers under pressure - From drought and competing agendas | DW Documentary
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2Why India is one of the most dangerous places in the world for women | DW Documentary
University StudentsWorking Adults
✨ अनुशंसित वीडियो
B25
218 वाक्य
No Boss, No Money: The Raw Reality of China’s Gen-Z Freelancers
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B214
33 वाक्य
Why Do India And China Have So Many People?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2371
20 वाक्य
Urbanisation and the growth of global cities
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
96 वाक्य
Where are China’s youth headed in a crowded job market?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B226 वाक्य
China Wrapped Entire Mountains in Solar Panels — And That's Just the Start
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
136 वाक्य
How Living Abroad Changed How I See America
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
137 वाक्य
How life in Australia is getting too expensive for workers | Daily Mail
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B125
108 वाक्य
Tiếng Anh giao tiếp Unit 23 Places Địa điểm
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B23
40 वाक्य
See ‘Pyonghattan’: North Korea’s modern new skyscraper district
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
251 वाक्य
I Tried Living in the Happiest City in the World
Travel EnglishDaily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
27 वाक्य
China diversifies trade routes | Vietnam Today
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B24
18 वाक्य
15 tháng 9, 2026
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 448 वाक्य और 5107 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 42:18 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 121 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। 84% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 कम प्रचलित शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
- developer /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/ (संज्ञा) — विकासक. A person or entity engaged in the creation or improvement of certain classes of products.
- migrant /ˈmaɪɡɹənt/ (संज्ञा) — प्रवासी. A migratory animal, in particular a migratory bird.
- protest /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/ (संज्ञा) — प्रतिवाद, अस्वीकार. A formal objection, especially one by a group.
- compensation /ˌkɑm.pənˈseɪ.ʃən/ (संज्ञा) — प्रतिकर, क्षतिपूर्ति. The act or principle of compensating.
- nail /neɪl/ (संज्ञा) — नाख़ुन, नख. The horny plate or appendage at the ends of the digits of various animals, including most reptiles, birds, and mammals (both nonhuman and human).
- demolition /ˌdɛm.əˈlɪʃ.ən/ (संज्ञा) — विनाश, विध्वंस. The process of demolishing or destroying buildings or other structures.
- defend /dɪˈfɪnd/ (क्रिया) — रक्षा करना. To ward off attacks against (something or someone).
- explosive /ɛkˈspləʊsɪv/ (विशेषण) — विस्फोटक. Able to, or likely to, explode.
- surround /səˈɹaʊnd/ (क्रिया) — घेरना. To encircle something or simultaneously extend in all directions.
- registration /ˌɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪˈstɹeɪ.ʃən/ (संज्ञा) — पंजीकरण. The act of signing up or registering for something.
- farmer /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/ (संज्ञा) — किसान. A person who works the land and/or who keeps livestock; anyone engaged in agriculture on a farm.
- stairs /ˈstɛɹz/ (संज्ञा) — सीढ़ी, सोपान. A contiguous set of steps connecting two floors.
- euro /ˈjʊɹoʊ/ (संज्ञा) — यूरो. The currency unit of the European Monetary Union. Symbol: €
- negotiation /nɪˌɡəʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ (संज्ञा) — बातचीत, परक्रामण. The process of achieving agreement through discussion.
- wage /weɪd͡ʒ/ (संज्ञा) — वेतन, तनख़्वाह. An amount of money paid to a worker for a specified quantity of work, usually calculated on an hourly basis and expressed in an amount of money per hour.
वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब
- go after (क्रिया) — पीछे जाना, पीछे पड़ना. To pursue in attempt to catch another.
- go ahead /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ (क्रिया) — आगे बढ़ना. To proceed with; to begin.
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 62 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे they're, can't, don't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “th” की ध्वनियाँ: eighth /eɪtθ/, thug /θʌɡ/
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: compensation /ˌkɑm.pənˈseɪ.ʃən/, demolition /ˌdɛm.əˈlɪʃ.ən/, corruption /kəˈɹʌpʃən/, registration /ˌɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪˈstɹeɪ.ʃən/, negotiation /nɪˌɡəʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: developer /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/, compensation /ˌkɑm.pənˈseɪ.ʃən/, demolition /ˌdɛm.əˈlɪʃ.ən/, registration /ˌɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪˈstɹeɪ.ʃən/, negotiation /nɪˌɡəʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर developer, migrant, protest जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | has risen · has lived · has witnessed |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | are expropriated · are built · are surrounded |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | those who still · land, which is · land, which means |
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।