शैडोइंग अभ्यास: How Tire Rolling Resistance Affects Cycling Speed ? - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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75 वाक्य
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What is rolling resistance and why should you think about it on the bike?
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Rolling resistance is, quite simply, the energy that is lost as a tyre rolls along a surface.
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The energy is mostly lost because of the constant deformation of that tyre against the surface.
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Now, whilst paying attention to rolling resistance is important, it's not actually the biggest resistance factor when it comes to cycling fast.
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Air resistance rises in a squared ratio with increased speed.
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At a speed of 20 kilometers an hour on a level ground, air resistance has already become the main resistance force.
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And the faster you go, the more air resistance increases exponentially.
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So before even thinking about rolling resistance, get aero.
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Acceleration energy is also expended, for instance, the weight of the wheels is of great importance when this mass has to be brought up to rotation.
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Then when riding uphill, the main resistance force to be overcome is the gradient resistance.
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This is basically the additional resistance added by fighting gravity.
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And in addition to these, there are other friction resistances in the chain, the bottom bracket, and other rotating parts.
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Now, in a well-serviced bicycle, these represent a very minor part of the total resistance.
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So, should you just ignore rolling resistance then?
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Well, no. Because improving your rolling resistance may be the cheapest
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and easiest upgrade you can make to your bike to go faster.
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You can improve all the others by getting aero, by getting a good bike fit and spending the time getting used to it, by getting aerodynamic and light frame,
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by getting some aerodynamic race wheels, and even by upgrading the bearings to maybe ceramic bearings.
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But you can get big gains simply by upgrading your tires and improving your rolling resistance.
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And of course, pumping those tires to the right pressure.
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It's pretty simple.
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A tire with a higher rolling resistance will require more power
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to attain the same speed than a tire with a lower rolling resistance, will require less power.
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So what factors affect the tyres rolling resistance?
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Tyre pressure.
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On a completely smooth surface the following applies.
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The higher the inflation pressure the less the tyre deforms and thus the lower the rolling resistance.
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However on an imperfect surface which we are always riding on lower inflation pressures cause the opposite, lower rolling resistance.
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Imperfections in the road on a very hard tyre will cause bouncing and skipping and increased resistance, not to mention the toll that takes on the rider in terms of fatigue.
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Whereas a tyre with low inflation pressure can adapt better to the rugged surface.
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It sinks into the ground less and absorbs imperfections rather than pushing against them and bouncing off them.
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And so with a softer tyre the whole rotational mass is held back much less on the uneven surface.
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Tire width.
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At the same tyre pressure on a smooth surface a wider tyre will have lower rolling resistance than a narrower tyre.
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This is essentially because a wider tyre with the same pressure actually has an effect of higher pressure
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because a wider tyre with a higher air volume will have a higher casing tension.
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Basically the wider tyre will be harder because it needs more air to fill it and the contact patch, the bit of the tire touching the road, will be smaller and wider, decreasing the rolling resistance.
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But again this only holds true on a smooth surface.
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On an imperfect surface with the pressure corrected for the width to get the tire to the right hardness, the contact patch on the road for a wider tire will be shorter and wider than a narrow tire,
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decreasing the rolling resistance.
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Importantly the wider the tyre will have more versatility and the range of pressures you can actually use, allowing you to more easily correct for the roughness of the surface.
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Tyre construction.
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Obviously the tyre construction has an effect on rolling resistance.
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By using less material, less material can and will be deformed.
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And the more flexible the material is, such as the rubber compound, the less energy is lost through deformation.
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Generally, smoother treads have a lower rolling resistance than rougher treads
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and that is why almost all road
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and triathlon racing tires have very smooth tread patterns
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if any tread pattern at all interestingly actually in racing tires for the road the tread pattern
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that is there is actually not there for grip
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or water dispersion it's mostly there for aerodynamics
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because the tread pattern actually trips the laminar flow as
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that of that air that's hitting the tire to improve the aerodynamics So,
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should you consult a website like BicycleRollingResistance.com where they list all the tested rolling resistance of all tyres
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and simply choose the one from the top of the list?
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Well, yes and no. Yes, the tires on the top of that list will be the fastest.
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However, they're always compromises.
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Some of them may sacrifice durability for that extra speed and be more prone to punctures.
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Some of them may have a different compound that sacrifices comfort
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and grip and road feel and some may simply not work well with your wheel and bike setup.
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It's also worth pointing out that the difference between the top of
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that list of racing tires and the middle of
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that list of racing tires is about a two to three watt saving
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which is an almost imperceptible difference for most mere mortals.
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They will however have a significant difference in those racing tires over your standard training tires.
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So the answer is that the best tire for you depends on many factors
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but it is worth considering investing the $100 to $200 in a good pair of racing tyres.
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It may just be the cheapest watts you buy this season.
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One more thing before we go, you may be asking which is faster rolling resistance-wise, tubeless or clincher?
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Well, the speed of a tyre actually depends on its construction and not whether it's set up clincher or tubeless.
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So, a slow tubeless tyre will actually be slower than a fast clincher tyre.
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However, generally speaking, setup does have better rolling resistance than a tube setup.
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However, if you put a latex tube in a clincher, the rolling resistance is actually the same as tubeless.
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I hope you've enjoyed this video.
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Happy riding!
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 75 वाक्य और 1065 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 5:59 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 178 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। केवल 76% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| tyre संज्ञा | /taɪə(ɹ)/ | पहिया, टायर |
| tire क्रिया | /ˈtaɪ̯ɚ/ | थकान |
| inflation संज्ञा | /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/ | मुद्रास्फीति |
| narrow विशेषण | /ˈnæɹəʊ/ | तंग |
| sacrifice संज्ञा | /ˈsæk.ɹɪ.faɪs/ | बलि |
| bearing संज्ञा | /ˈbɛɹɪŋ/ | बेयरिंग |
| compound संज्ञा | /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/ | मिश्रण |
| decrease क्रिया | /dɪˈkɹiːs/ | घटना |
| width संज्ञा | /ˈwɪtθ/ | चौड़ाई |
| watt संज्ञा | /wɑt/ | वॉट, वाट |
| ignore क्रिया | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | उपेक्षा, उपेक्षा करना |
| comfort संज्ञा | /ˈkʌm.fət/ | आराम, सुखद |
| ratio संज्ञा | /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/ | अनुपात |
| pump संज्ञा | /pʌmp/ | पंप, पम्प |
| rubber संज्ञा | /ˈɹʌbɚ/ | रबर, रबड़ |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
- “th” की ध्वनियाँ: smooth /smuːð/, width /ˈwɪtθ/, triathlon /tɹaɪˈæθˌlɑn/
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, tension /ˈtɛnʃən/, rotation /ɹoʊˈteɪʃən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, acceleration /əkˌsɛl.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, aerodynamic /ˌɛəɹəʊdaɪˈnæmɪk/, deformation /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर tyre, tire, inflation जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | is lost · is also expended · be overcome |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | has already become · you've enjoyed |
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।