Pratique du Shadowing: How Tire Rolling Resistance Affects Cycling Speed ? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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What is rolling resistance and why should you think about it on the bike?
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Rolling resistance is, quite simply, the energy that is lost as a tyre rolls along a surface.
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The energy is mostly lost because of the constant deformation of that tyre against the surface.
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Now, whilst paying attention to rolling resistance is important, it's not actually the biggest resistance factor when it comes to cycling fast.
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Air resistance rises in a squared ratio with increased speed.
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At a speed of 20 kilometers an hour on a level ground, air resistance has already become the main resistance force.
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And the faster you go, the more air resistance increases exponentially.
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So before even thinking about rolling resistance, get aero.
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Acceleration energy is also expended, for instance, the weight of the wheels is of great importance when this mass has to be brought up to rotation.
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Then when riding uphill, the main resistance force to be overcome is the gradient resistance.
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This is basically the additional resistance added by fighting gravity.
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And in addition to these, there are other friction resistances in the chain, the bottom bracket, and other rotating parts.
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Now, in a well-serviced bicycle, these represent a very minor part of the total resistance.
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So, should you just ignore rolling resistance then?
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Well, no. Because improving your rolling resistance may be the cheapest
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and easiest upgrade you can make to your bike to go faster.
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You can improve all the others by getting aero, by getting a good bike fit and spending the time getting used to it, by getting aerodynamic and light frame,
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by getting some aerodynamic race wheels, and even by upgrading the bearings to maybe ceramic bearings.
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But you can get big gains simply by upgrading your tires and improving your rolling resistance.
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And of course, pumping those tires to the right pressure.
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It's pretty simple.
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A tire with a higher rolling resistance will require more power
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to attain the same speed than a tire with a lower rolling resistance, will require less power.
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So what factors affect the tyres rolling resistance?
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Tyre pressure.
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On a completely smooth surface the following applies.
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The higher the inflation pressure the less the tyre deforms and thus the lower the rolling resistance.
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However on an imperfect surface which we are always riding on lower inflation pressures cause the opposite, lower rolling resistance.
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Imperfections in the road on a very hard tyre will cause bouncing and skipping and increased resistance, not to mention the toll that takes on the rider in terms of fatigue.
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Whereas a tyre with low inflation pressure can adapt better to the rugged surface.
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It sinks into the ground less and absorbs imperfections rather than pushing against them and bouncing off them.
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And so with a softer tyre the whole rotational mass is held back much less on the uneven surface.
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Tire width.
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At the same tyre pressure on a smooth surface a wider tyre will have lower rolling resistance than a narrower tyre.
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This is essentially because a wider tyre with the same pressure actually has an effect of higher pressure
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because a wider tyre with a higher air volume will have a higher casing tension.
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Basically the wider tyre will be harder because it needs more air to fill it and the contact patch, the bit of the tire touching the road, will be smaller and wider, decreasing the rolling resistance.
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But again this only holds true on a smooth surface.
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On an imperfect surface with the pressure corrected for the width to get the tire to the right hardness, the contact patch on the road for a wider tire will be shorter and wider than a narrow tire,
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decreasing the rolling resistance.
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Importantly the wider the tyre will have more versatility and the range of pressures you can actually use, allowing you to more easily correct for the roughness of the surface.
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Tyre construction.
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Obviously the tyre construction has an effect on rolling resistance.
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By using less material, less material can and will be deformed.
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And the more flexible the material is, such as the rubber compound, the less energy is lost through deformation.
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Generally, smoother treads have a lower rolling resistance than rougher treads
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and that is why almost all road
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and triathlon racing tires have very smooth tread patterns
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if any tread pattern at all interestingly actually in racing tires for the road the tread pattern
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that is there is actually not there for grip
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or water dispersion it's mostly there for aerodynamics
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because the tread pattern actually trips the laminar flow as
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that of that air that's hitting the tire to improve the aerodynamics So,
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should you consult a website like BicycleRollingResistance.com where they list all the tested rolling resistance of all tyres
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and simply choose the one from the top of the list?
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Well, yes and no. Yes, the tires on the top of that list will be the fastest.
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However, they're always compromises.
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Some of them may sacrifice durability for that extra speed and be more prone to punctures.
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Some of them may have a different compound that sacrifices comfort
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and grip and road feel and some may simply not work well with your wheel and bike setup.
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It's also worth pointing out that the difference between the top of
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that list of racing tires and the middle of
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that list of racing tires is about a two to three watt saving
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which is an almost imperceptible difference for most mere mortals.
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They will however have a significant difference in those racing tires over your standard training tires.
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So the answer is that the best tire for you depends on many factors
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but it is worth considering investing the $100 to $200 in a good pair of racing tyres.
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It may just be the cheapest watts you buy this season.
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One more thing before we go, you may be asking which is faster rolling resistance-wise, tubeless or clincher?
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Well, the speed of a tyre actually depends on its construction and not whether it's set up clincher or tubeless.
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So, a slow tubeless tyre will actually be slower than a fast clincher tyre.
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However, generally speaking, setup does have better rolling resistance than a tube setup.
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However, if you put a latex tube in a clincher, the rolling resistance is actually the same as tubeless.
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I hope you've enjoyed this video.
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Happy riding!
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette vidéo contient 75 phrases et 1065 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:59. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 178 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 76 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| tyre nom | /taɪə(ɹ)/ | pneu, pneumatique |
| tire verbe | /ˈtaɪ̯ɚ/ | se fatiguer |
| tread verbe | /tɹɛd/ | piétiner, fouler |
| smooth adjectif | /smuːð/ | doux, facile |
| upgrade verbe | /əpˈɡɹeɪd/ | monter en gamme |
| inflation nom | /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/ | inflation |
| narrow adjectif | /ˈnæɹəʊ/ | étroit |
| tube nom | /tuːb/ | tube |
| sacrifice nom | /ˈsæk.ɹɪ.faɪs/ | sacrifice, offrande |
| bearing nom | /ˈbɛɹɪŋ/ | roulement, coussinet |
| depend verbe | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | dépendre |
| patch nom | /pæt͡ʃ/ | pièce |
| compound nom | /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/ | composé |
| decrease verbe | /dɪˈkɹiːs/ | diminuer |
| grip nom | /ˈɡɹɪp/ | prise, poigne |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| point out verbe | pointer | |
| set up verbe | /ˌsɛt ˈʌp/ | mettre en place, installer |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « th »: smooth /smuːð/, width /ˈwɪtθ/, triathlon /tɹaɪˈæθˌlɑn/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, tension /ˈtɛnʃən/, rotation /ɹoʊˈteɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, acceleration /əkˌsɛl.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, aerodynamic /ˌɛəɹəʊdaɪˈnæmɪk/, deformation /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme tyre, tire, tread.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is lost · is also expended · be overcome |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has already become · you've enjoyed |
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.