Pratica di Shadowing: How Tire Rolling Resistance Affects Cycling Speed ? - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
Creazione lezione...
1
What is rolling resistance and why should you think about it on the bike?
2
Rolling resistance is, quite simply, the energy that is lost as a tyre rolls along a surface.
3
The energy is mostly lost because of the constant deformation of that tyre against the surface.
4
Now, whilst paying attention to rolling resistance is important, it's not actually the biggest resistance factor when it comes to cycling fast.
5
Air resistance rises in a squared ratio with increased speed.
6
At a speed of 20 kilometers an hour on a level ground, air resistance has already become the main resistance force.
7
And the faster you go, the more air resistance increases exponentially.
8
So before even thinking about rolling resistance, get aero.
9
Acceleration energy is also expended, for instance, the weight of the wheels is of great importance when this mass has to be brought up to rotation.
10
Then when riding uphill, the main resistance force to be overcome is the gradient resistance.
11
This is basically the additional resistance added by fighting gravity.
12
And in addition to these, there are other friction resistances in the chain, the bottom bracket, and other rotating parts.
13
Now, in a well-serviced bicycle, these represent a very minor part of the total resistance.
14
So, should you just ignore rolling resistance then?
15
Well, no. Because improving your rolling resistance may be the cheapest
16
and easiest upgrade you can make to your bike to go faster.
17
You can improve all the others by getting aero, by getting a good bike fit and spending the time getting used to it, by getting aerodynamic and light frame,
18
by getting some aerodynamic race wheels, and even by upgrading the bearings to maybe ceramic bearings.
19
But you can get big gains simply by upgrading your tires and improving your rolling resistance.
20
And of course, pumping those tires to the right pressure.
21
It's pretty simple.
22
A tire with a higher rolling resistance will require more power
23
to attain the same speed than a tire with a lower rolling resistance, will require less power.
24
So what factors affect the tyres rolling resistance?
25
Tyre pressure.
26
On a completely smooth surface the following applies.
27
The higher the inflation pressure the less the tyre deforms and thus the lower the rolling resistance.
28
However on an imperfect surface which we are always riding on lower inflation pressures cause the opposite, lower rolling resistance.
29
Imperfections in the road on a very hard tyre will cause bouncing and skipping and increased resistance, not to mention the toll that takes on the rider in terms of fatigue.
30
Whereas a tyre with low inflation pressure can adapt better to the rugged surface.
31
It sinks into the ground less and absorbs imperfections rather than pushing against them and bouncing off them.
32
And so with a softer tyre the whole rotational mass is held back much less on the uneven surface.
33
Tire width.
34
At the same tyre pressure on a smooth surface a wider tyre will have lower rolling resistance than a narrower tyre.
35
This is essentially because a wider tyre with the same pressure actually has an effect of higher pressure
36
because a wider tyre with a higher air volume will have a higher casing tension.
37
Basically the wider tyre will be harder because it needs more air to fill it and the contact patch, the bit of the tire touching the road, will be smaller and wider, decreasing the rolling resistance.
38
But again this only holds true on a smooth surface.
39
On an imperfect surface with the pressure corrected for the width to get the tire to the right hardness, the contact patch on the road for a wider tire will be shorter and wider than a narrow tire,
40
decreasing the rolling resistance.
41
Importantly the wider the tyre will have more versatility and the range of pressures you can actually use, allowing you to more easily correct for the roughness of the surface.
42
Tyre construction.
43
Obviously the tyre construction has an effect on rolling resistance.
44
By using less material, less material can and will be deformed.
45
And the more flexible the material is, such as the rubber compound, the less energy is lost through deformation.
46
Generally, smoother treads have a lower rolling resistance than rougher treads
47
and that is why almost all road
48
and triathlon racing tires have very smooth tread patterns
49
if any tread pattern at all interestingly actually in racing tires for the road the tread pattern
50
that is there is actually not there for grip
51
or water dispersion it's mostly there for aerodynamics
52
because the tread pattern actually trips the laminar flow as
53
that of that air that's hitting the tire to improve the aerodynamics So,
54
should you consult a website like BicycleRollingResistance.com where they list all the tested rolling resistance of all tyres
55
and simply choose the one from the top of the list?
56
Well, yes and no. Yes, the tires on the top of that list will be the fastest.
57
However, they're always compromises.
58
Some of them may sacrifice durability for that extra speed and be more prone to punctures.
59
Some of them may have a different compound that sacrifices comfort
60
and grip and road feel and some may simply not work well with your wheel and bike setup.
61
It's also worth pointing out that the difference between the top of
62
that list of racing tires and the middle of
63
that list of racing tires is about a two to three watt saving
64
which is an almost imperceptible difference for most mere mortals.
65
They will however have a significant difference in those racing tires over your standard training tires.
66
So the answer is that the best tire for you depends on many factors
67
but it is worth considering investing the $100 to $200 in a good pair of racing tyres.
68
It may just be the cheapest watts you buy this season.
69
One more thing before we go, you may be asking which is faster rolling resistance-wise, tubeless or clincher?
70
Well, the speed of a tyre actually depends on its construction and not whether it's set up clincher or tubeless.
71
So, a slow tubeless tyre will actually be slower than a fast clincher tyre.
72
However, generally speaking, setup does have better rolling resistance than a tube setup.
73
However, if you put a latex tube in a clincher, the rolling resistance is actually the same as tubeless.
74
I hope you've enjoyed this video.
75
Happy riding!
📺 Stesso Canale
✨ Video consigliato
B26
205 frasi
Everything You Didn’t Know About Titanium Bikes
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
11 frasi
The Real Reason You're Not Getting Better at Badminton
Business EnglishHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B22
291 frasi
A Cheap Racing Wheel Changed My Entire Life
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
263 frasi
Your Belly Fat Isn’t Going Away Because of THIS One Mistake — Fix It Before You Train Harder
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
44 frasi
How to Learn Faster with the Feynman Technique (Example Included)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
174 frasi
How to Become A Glute Dominant Runner
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
98 frasi
I TESTED Passing Stats in eFootball
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
41 frasi
What your push-ups are actually missing (feat. Red Delta Project)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
231 frasi
Work Through The Darkness.
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B268
17 frasi
How exercise benefits your body
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B12
22 frasi
STOP breathing like this! 🏊♂️
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
300 frasi
Are Gears Gone For Good? + Hottest New eBike Tech! | EUROBIKE 2026
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questo video contiene 75 frasi e 1065 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 5:59. Chi parla ha un ritmo naturale di circa 178 parole al minuto, vicino a una conversazione quotidiana. Solo il 76% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| tyre sostantivo | /taɪə(ɹ)/ | gomma, pneumatico |
| tire verbo | /ˈtaɪ̯ɚ/ | affaticarsi |
| tread verbo | /tɹɛd/ | calpestare, pestare |
| smooth aggettivo | /smuːð/ | facile, dolce |
| inflation sostantivo | /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/ | inflazione |
| narrow aggettivo | /ˈnæɹəʊ/ | stretto, angusto |
| tube sostantivo | /tuːb/ | tubo, tubetto |
| sacrifice sostantivo | /ˈsæk.ɹɪ.faɪs/ | sacrificio |
| bearing sostantivo | /ˈbɛɹɪŋ/ | cuscinetto |
| depend verbo | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | dipendere |
| patch sostantivo | /pæt͡ʃ/ | pezza, toppa |
| compound sostantivo | /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/ | composto, miscuglio |
| decrease verbo | /dɪˈkɹiːs/ | diminuire, calare |
| grip sostantivo | /ˈɡɹɪp/ | presa |
| bounce verbo | /baʊns/ | rimbalzare |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| hold back verbo | fare complimenti | |
| point out verbo | additare | |
| set up verbo | /ˌsɛt ˈʌp/ | preparare, installare |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
- I suoni “th”: smooth /smuːð/, width /ˈwɪtθ/, triathlon /tɹaɪˈæθˌlɑn/
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, tension /ˈtɛnʃən/, rotation /ɹoʊˈteɪʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, acceleration /əkˌsɛl.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, aerodynamic /ˌɛəɹəʊdaɪˈnæmɪk/, deformation /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come tyre, tire, tread.
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | is lost · is also expended · be overcome |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | has already become · you've enjoyed |
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.