쉐도잉 연습: IN ON AT? How do I use these prepositions? - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
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When do I use in, on, at?
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Hi, I'm Arnel from Arnel's Everyday English.
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Today I'm going to help you understand in, on, at in four steps.
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We have position, location, time, and transportation.
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You need a pen and you need a notebook.
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Get ready to take notes.
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At the end of this lesson I have some very exciting homework for you.
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Trust me, at the end of this lesson you will feel so much better about using these three very confusing prepositions.
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Not confusing.
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Let's start.
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Step one, position.
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We use in to speak about being inside.
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My phone is in my bag.
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A bottle of water is in my bag.
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A sandwich is in my bag.
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My husband is waiting in the car.
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When you go to a library, when you're in a library, you need to be quiet.
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Okay, we use on when you really focus on being on top.
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A laptop is on my desk.
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A lamp is on my desk.
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A coffee is on my desk.
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A bird pooped on my head.
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Right.
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In, inside, on, on top.
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So when do we use at?
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We use at when you're speaking about a location and there's an activity.
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I did a lot at work today.
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What's the activity?
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I I was working.
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I was at the gym for three hours.
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What was the activity?
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I was working out.
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My son, he's at school.
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What's the activity?
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He's studying and learning.
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So at is where there's an activity in a location in general.
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In is literally inside.
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Imagine you say to a friend, I'll see you at the cafe.
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This could be in or out.
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You'll need to clarify.
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If your friend says I'll meet you in the cafe, it's obvious.
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You go inside.
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Wonderful.
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Let's continue.
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Step 2.
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Location.
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We use in for countries.
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I live in England.
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We use in for cities.
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My sister is in Paris.
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Neighborhoods and areas.
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I grew up in Clifton.
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Directions.
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North, east, south, west.
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Remember if you're going somewhere use to.
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I'm going to Canada.
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We wouldn't say I'm going in Canada.
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We use at for streets and roads.
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There's a great Italian restaurant on Park Street.
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I used to live on Reno Road.
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But if you have a specific address, you need to use AT.
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I live at 15 Baconburn Road, London.
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Fantastic!
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Let's move on to step number three.
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Step number three, time.
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We use in for centuries.
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I love reading books set in the 1800s,
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in the 19th century, decades.
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I think music from the 1970s was the best.
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Years.
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I was born in 1989.
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Months.
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My birthday is in February.
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Afternoon, morning.
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I go to the gym in the afternoon, in the morning.
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Seasons.
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My family always goes on holiday in summer,
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in autumn, in winter and in spring.
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Future start.
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I'm going on holiday in five days.
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The lesson starts in 20 minutes.
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In six months I'm moving to New York.
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I know this is a lot of information
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but the homework I'm going to give you later will really help you practice all of this. On.
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We use on for days of the week.
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Monday, Tuesday, on Wednesday, on Thursday, on Friday, on Saturday, on Sunday.
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We also use on for a phrase using the word day.
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What are you doing on Valentine's Day?
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What do you like doing on a rainy day?
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Dates on the 22nd of February.
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On Thursday the 10th. At.
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We use at for a specific clock time.
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I'll meet you at one o'clock,
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at two o'clock, at three o'clock, at half past eight.
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We say at night.
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I don't sleep very well at night.
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Remember we say in the morning, in the afternoon, but at night.
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We also say at noon, 12 o'clock.
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Let's move on to step number four.
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Step 4.
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Transportation.
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We use in and on for transportation.
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I would say in a car,
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in a taxi, in a truck lorry, in a limousine.
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But I would say on a train,
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on a plane, on a tram, on a boat or a ship.
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Try to remember it this way.
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If you're in a car or in a taxi, you can't move.
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You have to sit there.
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But for these types of transportation, you can walk around.
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So you are on.
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You can walk on a bus.
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You can walk on a plane.
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In for transportation, you can't really move around in and on for transportation you can easily move around on.
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But if I think about transportation that you're literally on top of, use on.
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You're on a bike, you're on a on a horse, on a camel.
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Fantastic.
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Well, we've looked at the four steps, position, location, time, and transportation with in, on, at.
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You've done an amazing job.
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It's really not easy remembering all of these rules.
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If you liked the video, don't forget to subscribe so you never miss another lesson.
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Do you want some homework?
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Thank you.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 A2 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “IN ON AT? How do I use these prepositions?”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: transportation, step, location, activity, lesson. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 123개와 단어 829개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 11:07입니다. 화자는 분당 약 75단어로 천천히 말해서 소리 하나하나를 따라 하기에 여유가 있습니다. 단어의 85%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| lesson 명사 | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | 수업, 과 |
| desk 명사 | /dɛsk/ | 책상 |
| homework 명사 | /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/ | 숙제 |
| taxi 명사 | /ˈtæksi/ | 택시, 딱씨 |
| confuse 동사 | /kənˈfjuːz/ | 혼란시키다 |
| phrase 명사 | /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/ | 어구, 구 |
| autumn 명사 | /ˈɔtəm/ | 가을, 추계 |
| laptop 명사 | /ˈlæp.tɑp/ | 노트북, 랩톱 |
| noon 명사 | /nun/ | 정오, 낮 |
| lamp 명사 | /ˈlæ̝mp/ | 램프, 전등 |
| subscribe 동사 | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | 구독하다 |
| notebook 명사 | /ˈnoʊtˌbʊk/ | 공책, 노트 |
| rainy 형용사 | /ˈɹeɪni/ | 비가 오는, 우중의 |
| poop 명사 | /ˈpuːp/ | 응가, 똥 |
| camel 명사 | /ˈkæm(ə)l/ | 낙타, 락타 |
따라 말해 볼 만한 문장
영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:
- When do I use in, on, at?
- My son, he's at school.
- Remember if you're going somewhere use to.
- What do you like doing on a rainy day?
- Do you want some homework?
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | we've looked · You've done |
| 과거진행 was/were + -ing — 과거의 어느 시점에 진행 중이던 동작 | was working |
| 현재진행 am/is/are + -ing — 지금 또는 요즘 일어나고 있는 일 | is waiting · you're speaking · you're going |
| “will” 미래 will + 동사 — 결정, 약속 또는 예측 | will feel · I'll see · You'll need |
주의할 발음
화자는 I'm, you're, I'll 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 25번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: confuse /kənˈfjuːz/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, clarify /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.faɪ/, café /ˌkæˈfeɪ/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: confuse /kənˈfjuːz/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, limousine /ˌlɪm.əˈziːn/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/
- /r/과 /l/ 구별하기: clarify /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.faɪ/, lorry /ˈlɔɹi/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, lesson, desk, homework 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.