تدريب Shadowing: IN ON AT? How do I use these prepositions? - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
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When do I use in, on, at?
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Hi, I'm Arnel from Arnel's Everyday English.
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Today I'm going to help you understand in, on, at in four steps.
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We have position, location, time, and transportation.
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You need a pen and you need a notebook.
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Get ready to take notes.
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At the end of this lesson I have some very exciting homework for you.
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Trust me, at the end of this lesson you will feel so much better about using these three very confusing prepositions.
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Not confusing.
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Let's start.
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Step one, position.
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We use in to speak about being inside.
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My phone is in my bag.
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A bottle of water is in my bag.
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A sandwich is in my bag.
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My husband is waiting in the car.
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When you go to a library, when you're in a library, you need to be quiet.
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Okay, we use on when you really focus on being on top.
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A laptop is on my desk.
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A lamp is on my desk.
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A coffee is on my desk.
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A bird pooped on my head.
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Right.
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In, inside, on, on top.
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So when do we use at?
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We use at when you're speaking about a location and there's an activity.
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I did a lot at work today.
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What's the activity?
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I I was working.
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I was at the gym for three hours.
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What was the activity?
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I was working out.
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My son, he's at school.
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What's the activity?
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He's studying and learning.
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So at is where there's an activity in a location in general.
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In is literally inside.
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Imagine you say to a friend, I'll see you at the cafe.
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This could be in or out.
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You'll need to clarify.
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If your friend says I'll meet you in the cafe, it's obvious.
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You go inside.
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Wonderful.
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Let's continue.
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Step 2.
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Location.
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We use in for countries.
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I live in England.
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We use in for cities.
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My sister is in Paris.
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Neighborhoods and areas.
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I grew up in Clifton.
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Directions.
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North, east, south, west.
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Remember if you're going somewhere use to.
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I'm going to Canada.
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We wouldn't say I'm going in Canada.
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We use at for streets and roads.
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There's a great Italian restaurant on Park Street.
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I used to live on Reno Road.
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But if you have a specific address, you need to use AT.
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I live at 15 Baconburn Road, London.
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Fantastic!
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Let's move on to step number three.
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Step number three, time.
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We use in for centuries.
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I love reading books set in the 1800s,
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in the 19th century, decades.
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I think music from the 1970s was the best.
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Years.
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I was born in 1989.
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Months.
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My birthday is in February.
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Afternoon, morning.
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I go to the gym in the afternoon, in the morning.
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Seasons.
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My family always goes on holiday in summer,
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in autumn, in winter and in spring.
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Future start.
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I'm going on holiday in five days.
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The lesson starts in 20 minutes.
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In six months I'm moving to New York.
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I know this is a lot of information
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but the homework I'm going to give you later will really help you practice all of this. On.
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We use on for days of the week.
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Monday, Tuesday, on Wednesday, on Thursday, on Friday, on Saturday, on Sunday.
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We also use on for a phrase using the word day.
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What are you doing on Valentine's Day?
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What do you like doing on a rainy day?
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Dates on the 22nd of February.
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On Thursday the 10th. At.
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We use at for a specific clock time.
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I'll meet you at one o'clock,
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at two o'clock, at three o'clock, at half past eight.
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We say at night.
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I don't sleep very well at night.
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Remember we say in the morning, in the afternoon, but at night.
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We also say at noon, 12 o'clock.
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Let's move on to step number four.
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Step 4.
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Transportation.
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We use in and on for transportation.
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I would say in a car,
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in a taxi, in a truck lorry, in a limousine.
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But I would say on a train,
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on a plane, on a tram, on a boat or a ship.
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Try to remember it this way.
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If you're in a car or in a taxi, you can't move.
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You have to sit there.
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But for these types of transportation, you can walk around.
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So you are on.
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You can walk on a bus.
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You can walk on a plane.
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In for transportation, you can't really move around in and on for transportation you can easily move around on.
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But if I think about transportation that you're literally on top of, use on.
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You're on a bike, you're on a on a horse, on a camel.
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Fantastic.
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Well, we've looked at the four steps, position, location, time, and transportation with in, on, at.
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You've done an amazing job.
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It's really not easy remembering all of these rules.
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If you liked the video, don't forget to subscribe so you never miss another lesson.
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Do you want some homework?
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Thank you.
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة بمستوى A2 مبني على الفيديو “IN ON AT? How do I use these prepositions?”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: transportation, step, location, activity, lesson. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 123 جملة و829 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 11:07. يتكلم المتحدث ببطء، بمعدل 75 كلمة في الدقيقة تقريبًا، فيكون لديك وقت لتقليد كل صوت. 85% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| lesson اسم | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | دَرْس, حِصَّة |
| desk اسم | /dɛsk/ | مَكْتَب, مِنْضَدَة |
| homework اسم | /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/ | وَاجِب, وَاجِب مَنْزِلِيّ |
| taxi اسم | /ˈtæksi/ | تَاكْسِي, سَيَّارَةُ أُجْرَة |
| confuse فعل | /kənˈfjuːz/ | أَرْبَكَ, حَيَّرَ |
| phrase اسم | /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/ | جُمْلَة, تَعْبِير |
| autumn اسم | /ˈɔtəm/ | خَرِيف, خريف |
| laptop اسم | /ˈlæp.tɑp/ | كَمْبْيُوتِر مَحْمُول, حَاسُوب مَحْمُول |
| noon اسم | /nun/ | ظهر, ظَهِيرَة |
| lamp اسم | /ˈlæ̝mp/ | مِصْبَاح, لَمْبَة |
| subscribe فعل | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | اِشْتَرَكَ |
| notebook اسم | /ˈnoʊtˌbʊk/ | دَفْتَر, مُذَكِّرَة |
| rainy صفة | /ˈɹeɪni/ | مَطِر, مَاطِر |
| poop اسم | /ˈpuːp/ | بُرَاز, كَاكَا |
| camel اسم | /ˈkæm(ə)l/ | جَمَل, نَاقَة |
جمل تستحق التكرار
جمل قصيرة وكاملة من الفيديو يمكنك استخدامها في الحديث اليومي:
- When do I use in, on, at?
- My son, he's at school.
- Remember if you're going somewhere use to.
- What do you like doing on a rainy day?
- Do you want some homework?
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | we've looked · You've done |
| الماضي المستمر was/were + -ing — حدث كان جاريًا في لحظة من الماضي | was working |
| المضارع المستمر am/is/are + -ing — شيء يحدث الآن أو في هذه الفترة | is waiting · you're speaking · you're going |
| المستقبل بـ “will” will + فعل — قرار أو وعد أو توقع | will feel · I'll see · You'll need |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 25 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل I'm, you're, I'll. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: laptop /ˈlæp.tɑp/, lamp /ˈlæ̝mp/, poop /ˈpuːp/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: desk /dɛsk/, confuse /kənˈfjuːz/, clock /klɑk/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, sandwich /ˈsæn(d).wɪd͡ʒ/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل lesson, desk, homework.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.