쉐도잉 연습: Introduction to neural cell types | Organ Systems | MCAT | Khan Academy - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
연습 모드 선택
각 모드는 전체 화면 연습실로 열립니다.
45 문장
문장이 너무 짧거나 길면 Edit를 눌러 조정하세요.
1
In this video, I want to introduce the different types of neural cells.
2
The word neural, or the prefix neuro, just refers to the nervous system, so that neural cells are cells of the nervous system.
3
Neural cells work with all the other cell types of the
4
body to produce the amazing range of functions of the nervous system, including consciousness, social interactions, cognition,
5
emotion, movement, sensory perception, and regulation of other functions such as circulation, respiration, and digestion.
6
Neural cells are divided into two big categories.
7
The first are neurons, which were traditionally called nerve cells.
8
And the second are glia.
9
Now these can also be called neuroglia or glial cells.
10
That all means the same thing.
11
Neurons are named from a Greek word for nerve, while glia are named from a Greek word for glue because they are once thought to do little except glue neurons together.
12
The structure of the nervous system is divided into two main parts.
13
The first part is mainly made up of the brain in the head and the spinal cord in the spine.
14
And this part of the nervous system is called the central nervous system.
15
The other part of the nervous system is called the peripheral nervous system.
16
And that's made up mostly of nerves, these long stringy structures that come out of the brain and the spinal cord.
17
And they go all over the body, like down into the arms and down into the legs and into every part of the body.
18
And we'll cover a lot more detail about neuroanatomy in other videos, but I just need to bring up the central
19
and peripheral nervous system because the neural cells are divided up differently amongst the different systems.
20
Calling neurons nerve cells is a little problematic
21
because these structures in the peripheral nervous system called nerves are made up of neurons, but they also contain glial cells,
22
and they contain a number of other cells that aren't neural cells at all.
23
However, you'll often hear people refer to neurons as nerve cells because that was the traditional name for them.
24
Neurons are found both in the central nervous system, the brain and the spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, in the nerves.
25
But the different types of glial cells are found only in one or the other.
26
Most neural cells are derived from populations of cells called neural stem cells or neural crest cells.
27
And both of those cell types arise early in development in the part of the embryo called the ectoderm.
28
Most neurons in glia found in the central nervous system are derived from neural stem cells,
29
while most neurons in glia found in the peripheral nervous system are derived from neural crest cells.
30
Now we'll go into a lot more detail about what neural stem cells are
31
and neural crest cells in other videos when we cover development of the nervous system.
32
Most types of both neurons and glia share some structural features of the way their cell is shaped.
33
Most of them have a main part to their cell called the soma, or the cell body, that contains the nucleus and most of the organelles.
34
Coming out of the soma, most of these cell types have processes, long, thin extensions that come out of the soma.
35
And the processes of the different neural cells vary in number and in length and thickness and degree of branching, because some of them will be unbranched,
36
and some of them will have processes that branch, sometimes a little and sometimes a lot.
37
They will also vary a lot in the terminal structures at the end of their processes
38
and the function of these structures and the processes.
39
The function of neurons is to process and transmit information, and the function of glia is to support them in a variety of ways.
40
There are many structural and functional types of both the neurons and the glia, And there are large numbers of these cells making up the nervous system.
41
There are billions of neurons that form trillions of connections in the adult human nervous system.
42
And there are even more glia than there are neurons.
43
In subsequent videos, we'll go over the most common glia, which are astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells.
44
There are also less common glia, such as satellite cells and olfactory and sheathing cells.
45
But we'll just go over the most common types here.
앱 다운로드
유창하게 말하는 데 필요한 모든 것
AI 발음 평가문장마다 점수 확인
IPA 발음 연습모든 소리 마스터
단어 학습나만의 단어장 만들기
단어 게임놀면서 외우기
같은 채널
C15
Theories of Emotion | Processing the Environment | MCAT | Khan Academy
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
The different types of mutations | Biomolecules | MCAT | Khan Academy
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1Polarization of light, linear and circular | Light waves | Physics | Khan Academy
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
FOR YOU
추천 영상
C12
799 문장
Cell Biology | Cell Structure & Function
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
167 문장
BLOOD TYPES explained in 9 Minutes
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
23 문장
3-D Brain Scans | Pathways 2
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
22 문장
Introduction To Networking - Different Types Of Networks | Networking Fundamentals Part 2 (revised)
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C1117 문장
Anatomy & Physiology: The Ultimate Beginner's Guide | Dr. Bee's Tutorials
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
67 문장
Viruses: Components & Shapes - Microbiology Acellular Pre-Nursing, Pre-Med | @LevelUpRN
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
412 문장
Organizational forms and corporate issuer features (for the CFA Level 1 exam)
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
166 문장
Introduction to Optoelectronics and Photonics
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
747 문장
MIT Introduction to Deep Learning | 6.S191
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
100 문장
Epithelial Tissue
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
59 문장
All About Crustaceans – Quiz Edition
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 45개와 단어 742개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 4:10입니다. 화자는 분당 약 178단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 77%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| nerve 명사 | /nɝv/ | 신경 |
| divide 동사 | /dɪˈvaɪd/ | 나누다, 가르다 |
| cord 명사 | /ˈkoɹd/ | 밧줄 |
| crest 명사 | /kɹɛst/ | 볏 |
| refer 동사 | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | 언급하다 |
| glue 명사 | /ɡlu/ | 풀, 접착제 |
| thin 형용사 | /ˈθɪn/ | 가늘다, 얇다 |
| regulation 명사 | /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/ | 규칙 |
| introduce 동사 | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | 소개(紹介)하다 |
| satellite 명사 | /ˈsætəlaɪ̯t/ | 위성 |
| amongst | /əˈmʌŋst/ | 가운데, 사이 |
| terminal 명사 | /ˈtɚmɪnəl/ | 터미널, 공항 터미널 |
| interaction 명사 | /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/ | 상호작용 |
| emotion 명사 | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | 감정 |
| consciousness 명사 | /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ | 의식, 자각 |
영상에 나오는 구동사
| 단어 | 뜻 |
|---|---|
| bring up 동사 | 꺼내다 |
주의할 발음
화자는 we'll, aren't, you'll 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 6번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “th” 소리: thin /ˈθɪn/, thickness /ˈθɪknəs/, sheath /ʃiθ/
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: structural /ˈstɹʌk(t͡)ʃəɹəl/, extension /ɪkˈstɛnʃən/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: peripheral /pəˈɹɪf(ə)ɹ(ə)l/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, nerve, divide, cord 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | are divided · be called · are named |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | neurons, which were · glia, which are |
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.