Shadowing Practice: Past and Present | Technology Then and Now - Learn English Speaking with Video
Les maken...
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Past and present.
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Technology then and now.
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Devices and gadgets that we use today were radically different back when they were first invented, introduced or popularized years or decades ago.
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In this look at technological transformations, we see what old school designs have become.
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Floppy disk.
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You'd need 213,000 individual 5.25 inch floppy disks,
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each with a capacity of 1.2MB to hold 256GB of data.
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Thumb drive.
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Now all you need is this 2 inch long thumb drive that easily stores the same amount of data.
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Books.
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1,400 physical books would weigh about 1 pound each.
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That's about as much as half of a car.
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Kindle The cheapest version of this electronic reader can hold that many books in digital form.
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Ford Model T The first consumer automobile,
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introduced in 1908, produced 20 horsepower and had a top speed of 45 mph.
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Ford GT The 2017 descendant has evolved into a supercar with 600 horsepower and speeds in excess of 200 mph.
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Television The 1948 Admiral Model 19A12 TV set had a 7-inch black
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and white screen with with a resolution of 653 by 499 pixels.
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UHD TV Today's 4K ultra-high-def TVs have minimum resolutions of 3840 by 2160 pixels.
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Video Cam The Super 8mm film cameras,
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produced by Kodak in 1965 had film cartridges that recorded up to 2.5 minutes at 24 frames per second.
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High Def Video Recorder.
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Can record 1080p video for up to 4 hours and 21 minutes at 30 frames per second.
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Laptop The first true portable computer was called Osborne One, built by Adam Osborne in 1981.
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It weighed 24 pounds, had a 5-inch screen and cost $1,795.
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Compact Ultra Portables Laptops circa 2016 are sleek,
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lightweight, 13-15 inch touchscreens, blazingly fast processors and cost $1,000 or less.
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Mobile Phone In April 1973,
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Motorola researcher Martin Cooper made the first mobile telephone call using a device that weighed 1.1 kilos and measured 23 cm long.
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It had a talk time of 30 minutes and took 10 hours to recharge.
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Smartphone.
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There are nearly 150 mobile phone manufacturers in the world today who produce the latest iteration of this device which is small,
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light, thin and is virtually a carry anywhere computer.
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ENIAC Built in 1946 by Pennsylvania University scientists,
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the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer was a 30-tonne behemoth with over 17,000 vacuum tubes,
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70,000 resistors and 10,000 capacitors, filling up a 30 by 50-foot room.
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Portable Calculator
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Modern-day electronic pocket calculators became available in the 1970s after the first microprocessor was developed by Intel for Japanese calculator company Bizicom.
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Now, pocket calculators by Texas Instruments put enormous computing power in a smartphone-sized package.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze video bevat 39 zinnen en 405 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 4:55. De spreker praat langzaam, ongeveer 82 woorden per minuut, zodat je tijd hebt om elke klank na te doen. Slechts 70% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 minder gangbare woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
- calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — rekenmachine, zakrekenmachine. A mechanical or electronic device that performs mathematical calculations; (now usually) an electronic one specifically.
- weigh /weɪ/ (werkwoord) — wegen. To determine the weight of an object.
- pocket /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — zak. A bag stitched to an item of clothing, used for carrying small items.
- introduce /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ (werkwoord) — introduceren, voorstellen. To cause (someone) to be acquainted (with someone else).
- smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — smartphone. A mobile phone with more advanced features and greater computing capacity than a feature phone.
- disk /dɪsk/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — schijf. A thin, flat, circular plate or similar object.
- thumb /ˈθʌm/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — duim. The shortest and thickest digit of the hand that for humans has the most mobility and can be made to oppose (moved to touch) all of the other fingers.
- portable /ˈpɔɹtəbəl/ (bijvoeglijk naamwoord) — draagbaar. Able to be carried or easily moved.
- pixel /ˈpɪk.səl/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — pixel. One of the tiny dots that make up the representation of an image in a computer's memory.
- thin /ˈθɪn/ (bijvoeglijk naamwoord) — dun. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite.
- package /ˈpæk.ɪd͡ʒ/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — pak. Something which is packed, a parcel, a box, an envelope.
- telephone /ˈtɛləˌfoʊn/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — telefoon, beltoestel. A telecommunication device which converts data or sounds (usually speech) into electrical signals which are then transmitted to enable two or more people to…
- tube /tuːb/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — tube. Anything that is hollow and cylindrical in shape.
- reader /ˈɹi.dɚ/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — lezer, lezeres. A person who reads.
- virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/ (bijwoord) — nagenoeg, quasi. Almost but not quite.
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
- fill up (werkwoord) — opvullen, vollopen. To make (something) completely full.
Uitspraak om op te letten
- De “th”-klanken: thumb /ˈθʌm/, thin /ˈθɪn/, behemoth /bəˈhi(ː).məθ/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, iteration /ˌɪt.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/, manufacturer /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃəɹə/, transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, technological /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.dʒɪ.kəl/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als calculator, weigh, pocket.
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | have become · has evolved |
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | was called · was developed |
| Overtreffende trap the -est / the most … — het hoogste of laagste van een groep | The cheapest · the latest |
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.