Pratica di Shadowing: Past and Present | Technology Then and Now - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

Past and present.

Technology then and now.

Devices and gadgets that we use today were radically different back when they were first invented, introduced or popularized years or decades ago.

In this look at technological transformations, we see what old school designs have become.

Floppy disk.

You'd need 213,000 individual 5.25 inch floppy disks,

each with a capacity of 1.2MB to hold 256GB of data.

Thumb drive.

Now all you need is this 2 inch long thumb drive that easily stores the same amount of data.

Books.

1,400 physical books would weigh about 1 pound each.

That's about as much as half of a car.

Kindle The cheapest version of this electronic reader can hold that many books in digital form.

Ford Model T The first consumer automobile,

introduced in 1908, produced 20 horsepower and had a top speed of 45 mph.

Ford GT The 2017 descendant has evolved into a supercar with 600 horsepower and speeds in excess of 200 mph.

Television The 1948 Admiral Model 19A12 TV set had a 7-inch black

and white screen with with a resolution of 653 by 499 pixels.

UHD TV Today's 4K ultra-high-def TVs have minimum resolutions of 3840 by 2160 pixels.

Video Cam The Super 8mm film cameras,

produced by Kodak in 1965 had film cartridges that recorded up to 2.5 minutes at 24 frames per second.

High Def Video Recorder.

Can record 1080p video for up to 4 hours and 21 minutes at 30 frames per second.

Laptop The first true portable computer was called Osborne One, built by Adam Osborne in 1981.

It weighed 24 pounds, had a 5-inch screen and cost $1,795.

Compact Ultra Portables Laptops circa 2016 are sleek,

lightweight, 13-15 inch touchscreens, blazingly fast processors and cost $1,000 or less.

Mobile Phone In April 1973,

Motorola researcher Martin Cooper made the first mobile telephone call using a device that weighed 1.1 kilos and measured 23 cm long.

It had a talk time of 30 minutes and took 10 hours to recharge.

Smartphone.

There are nearly 150 mobile phone manufacturers in the world today who produce the latest iteration of this device which is small,

light, thin and is virtually a carry anywhere computer.

ENIAC Built in 1946 by Pennsylvania University scientists,

the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer was a 30-tonne behemoth with over 17,000 vacuum tubes,

70,000 resistors and 10,000 capacitors, filling up a 30 by 50-foot room.

Portable Calculator

Modern-day electronic pocket calculators became available in the 1970s after the first microprocessor was developed by Intel for Japanese calculator company Bizicom.

Now, pocket calculators by Texas Instruments put enormous computing power in a smartphone-sized package.

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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione

Questo video contiene 39 frasi e 405 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 4:55. Chi parla lo fa lentamente, circa 82 parole al minuto, quindi c’è tempo per imitare ogni suono. Solo il 70% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.

Vocaboli chiave di questo video

15 parole meno comuni del video, con pronuncia e significato:

calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/ (sostantivo) — calcolatrice. A mechanical or electronic device that performs mathematical calculations; (now usually) an electronic one specifically.
weigh /weɪ/ (verbo) — pesare. To determine the weight of an object.
pocket /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ (sostantivo) — tasca. A bag stitched to an item of clothing, used for carrying small items.
introduce /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ (verbo) — presentare. To cause (someone) to be acquainted (with someone else).
smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/ (sostantivo) — smartphone, telefono intelligente. A mobile phone with more advanced features and greater computing capacity than a feature phone.
disk /dɪsk/ (sostantivo) — disco. A thin, flat, circular plate or similar object.
thumb /ˈθʌm/ (sostantivo) — pollice, dito grosso. The shortest and thickest digit of the hand that for humans has the most mobility and can be made to oppose (moved to touch) all of the other fingers.
portable /ˈpɔɹtəbəl/ (aggettivo) — portatile. Able to be carried or easily moved.
pixel /ˈpɪk.səl/ (sostantivo) — pixel. One of the tiny dots that make up the representation of an image in a computer's memory.
thin /ˈθɪn/ (aggettivo) — sottile, fine. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite.
package /ˈpæk.ɪd͡ʒ/ (sostantivo) — pacco. Something which is packed, a parcel, a box, an envelope.
telephone /ˈtɛləˌfoʊn/ (sostantivo) — telefono. A telecommunication device which converts data or sounds (usually speech) into electrical signals which are then transmitted to enable two or more people to…
tube /tuːb/ (sostantivo) — tubo, tubetto. Anything that is hollow and cylindrical in shape.
reader /ˈɹi.dɚ/ (sostantivo) — lettore, lettrice. A person who reads.
virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/ (avverbio) — praticamente. Almost but not quite.

I phrasal verb che sentirai

fill up (verbo) — riempire. To make (something) completely full.
look at (verbo) — guardare. To observe or watch.

Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione

I suoni “th”: thumb /ˈθʌm/, thin /ˈθɪn/, behemoth /bəˈhi(ː).məθ/
I suoni “sh” e “zh”: transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, iteration /ˌɪt.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/, manufacturer /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃəɹə/, transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, technological /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.dʒɪ.kəl/

Come esercitarsi con questo video

Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come calculator, weigh, pocket.

La grammatica di questo video

Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:

Struttura	Nel video
Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso	have become · has evolved
Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa	was called · was developed
Superlativi the -est / the most … — il massimo o il minimo di un gruppo	The cheapest · the latest

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

Tecnica dello shadowing: leggi la guida completa passo dopo passo →

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