تدريب Shadowing: Past and Present | Technology Then and Now - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

Past and present.

Technology then and now.

Devices and gadgets that we use today were radically different back when they were first invented, introduced or popularized years or decades ago.

In this look at technological transformations, we see what old school designs have become.

Floppy disk.

You'd need 213,000 individual 5.25 inch floppy disks,

each with a capacity of 1.2MB to hold 256GB of data.

Thumb drive.

Now all you need is this 2 inch long thumb drive that easily stores the same amount of data.

Books.

1,400 physical books would weigh about 1 pound each.

That's about as much as half of a car.

Kindle The cheapest version of this electronic reader can hold that many books in digital form.

Ford Model T The first consumer automobile,

introduced in 1908, produced 20 horsepower and had a top speed of 45 mph.

Ford GT The 2017 descendant has evolved into a supercar with 600 horsepower and speeds in excess of 200 mph.

Television The 1948 Admiral Model 19A12 TV set had a 7-inch black

and white screen with with a resolution of 653 by 499 pixels.

UHD TV Today's 4K ultra-high-def TVs have minimum resolutions of 3840 by 2160 pixels.

Video Cam The Super 8mm film cameras,

produced by Kodak in 1965 had film cartridges that recorded up to 2.5 minutes at 24 frames per second.

High Def Video Recorder.

Can record 1080p video for up to 4 hours and 21 minutes at 30 frames per second.

Laptop The first true portable computer was called Osborne One, built by Adam Osborne in 1981.

It weighed 24 pounds, had a 5-inch screen and cost $1,795.

Compact Ultra Portables Laptops circa 2016 are sleek,

lightweight, 13-15 inch touchscreens, blazingly fast processors and cost $1,000 or less.

Mobile Phone In April 1973,

Motorola researcher Martin Cooper made the first mobile telephone call using a device that weighed 1.1 kilos and measured 23 cm long.

It had a talk time of 30 minutes and took 10 hours to recharge.

Smartphone.

There are nearly 150 mobile phone manufacturers in the world today who produce the latest iteration of this device which is small,

light, thin and is virtually a carry anywhere computer.

ENIAC Built in 1946 by Pennsylvania University scientists,

the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer was a 30-tonne behemoth with over 17,000 vacuum tubes,

70,000 resistors and 10,000 capacitors, filling up a 30 by 50-foot room.

Portable Calculator

Modern-day electronic pocket calculators became available in the 1970s after the first microprocessor was developed by Intel for Japanese calculator company Bizicom.

Now, pocket calculators by Texas Instruments put enormous computing power in a smartphone-sized package.

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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 39 جملة و405 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 4:55. يتكلم المتحدث ببطء، بمعدل 82 كلمة في الدقيقة تقريبًا، فيكون لديك وقت لتقليد كل صوت. 70% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

15 كلمة أقل شيوعًا من الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:

calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/ (اسم) — حَاسِبَة, آلَة حَاسِبَة. A mechanical or electronic device that performs mathematical calculations; (now usually) an electronic one specifically.
weigh /weɪ/ (فعل) — وَزَنَ. To determine the weight of an object.
pocket /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ (اسم) — جَيْب. A bag stitched to an item of clothing, used for carrying small items.
introduce /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ (فعل) — قَدَّمَ. To cause (someone) to be acquainted (with someone else).
smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/ (اسم) — هَاتِف ذَكِيّ, سِمَارْت فُون. A mobile phone with more advanced features and greater computing capacity than a feature phone.
disk /dɪsk/ (اسم) — قُرْص. A thin, flat, circular plate or similar object.
thumb /ˈθʌm/ (اسم) — إِبْهَام. The shortest and thickest digit of the hand that for humans has the most mobility and can be made to oppose (moved to touch) all of the other fingers.
portable /ˈpɔɹtəbəl/ (صفة) — مَحْمُول. Able to be carried or easily moved.
pixel /ˈpɪk.səl/ (اسم) — بِكْسِل. One of the tiny dots that make up the representation of an image in a computer's memory.
thin /ˈθɪn/ (صفة) — رَفِيع, رَقِيق. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite.
package /ˈpæk.ɪd͡ʒ/ (اسم) — صُرَّة, طَرْد. Something which is packed, a parcel, a box, an envelope.
telephone /ˈtɛləˌfoʊn/ (اسم) — هَاتِف, تِلِفون. A telecommunication device which converts data or sounds (usually speech) into electrical signals which are then transmitted to enable two or more people to…
tube /tuːb/ (اسم) — أُنْبُوبَة. Anything that is hollow and cylindrical in shape.
reader /ˈɹi.dɚ/ (اسم) — قَارِئ, قَارِئَة. A person who reads.
enormous /ɪˈnɔː.məs/ (صفة) — ضَخْم, هَائِل. Extremely large; greatly exceeding the common size, extent, etc.

الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها

look at (فعل) — نَظَرَ. To observe or watch.

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

أصوات “th”: thumb /ˈθʌm/, thin /ˈθɪn/, behemoth /bəˈhi(ː).məθ/
أصوات “sh” و“zh”: transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, iteration /ˌɪt.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/, manufacturer /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃəɹə/, transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, technological /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.dʒɪ.kəl/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل calculator, weigh, pocket.

القواعد في هذا الفيديو

أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:

التركيب	في الفيديو
المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن	have become · has evolved
المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله	was called · was developed
صيغة التفضيل the -est / the most … — الأعلى أو الأدنى في مجموعة	The cheapest · the latest

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

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