Prática de Shadowing: TED Ed Vietsub Tình yêu là gì Brad Troeger - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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1
What is love?
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Seriously though, what is it?
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What is love?
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A verb?
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A noun?
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A universal truth?
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An ideal?
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The common thread of all religions?
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A cult?
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A neurological phenomenon?
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There's no shortage of answers.
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Some are all-encompassing.
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It conquers all.
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It's all you need.
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It's all there is.
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These are all comparisons though.
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Ways of defining it by contrast, by saying it's more important than all other things.
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But is it?
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Sure, love matters more than your standard turkey sandwich, but does it matter more than shelter, or sanity, or an exceptional turkey sandwich?
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No matter your answer, you're just ranking it, not defining it.
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Another challenge to defining love is we often try to do so while falling into it or out of it.
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Would you trust someone who just won the lottery to accurately define the concept of currency?
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Or, I don't know, ask a guy to define bears while he's fending them off?
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Or is romance not like winning the lottery?
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Are breakups not like bear attacks?
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Bad comparisons?
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That's my point.
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I'm not thinking right because I'm in love. So, ha!
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Taking a step back, or taking a cold shower, whatever.
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Love is potentially the most intensely thought about thing in all of human history.
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And despite centuries upon centuries of obsession, it still overwhelms us.
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Some say it's a feeling, a magical emotion, a feeling for someone like you've never felt before.
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But feelings are fluid, not very concrete foundation for a definition.
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Sometimes you hate the person you love.
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Plus, come on, you've felt feelings like it before, sort of in miniature.
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Your relationships with your family shape your relationships with partners, and your love for your partner may be in its own dynamic relationship,
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healthy or totally weird, with the love of your parents and siblings.
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Love is also a set of behaviors we associate with the feeling.
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Holding hands, kissing, hugging, public displays of affection, dating, marriage, having kids, or just sex.
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But these loving actions can be subjective or culturally relative.
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You may love or be someone who can't have kids or doesn't want to, who believes in marriage but also in divorce,
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who's from a culture where people don't really date the way we think of dating, or who just doesn't want to make out on the bus.
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But if love is a thing that we can define, then how can it mean opposite things for so many people?
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So maybe love's all just in your head, a personal mystery winding through your neural pathways and lighting up pleasing natural rewards in your nervous system.
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Perhaps these rewards are addictive.
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Perhaps love is a temporary or permanent addiction to a person, just like a person can be addicted to a drug.
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I don't mean to be edgy like some pop song.
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Evidence shows that chemicals in your brain and stimulated by another person can make you develop a habit for that person.
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The person comes to satisfy a physiological craving, and you want more.
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But then sometimes, slowly or suddenly, you don't.
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You've fallen out of love, become unaddicted, for a spell.
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What happened?
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Does one develop a tolerance or hit a limit?
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Why do some lovers stay addicted to each other their entire lives?
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Perhaps to create new lives?
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To proliferate their species?
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Baby love is just human DNA's optimal method for bringing about its own replication.
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There are evolutionary arguments regarding every human mating behavior, from how we display ourselves to potential mates, to how we treat each other in relationships, to how we raise kids.
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Thus, some argue
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that the feeling you think you feel in your soul is just biology's way to make you continue our species.
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Nature has selected you to have crushes on hotties, just like it makes monkeys have crushes on hot monkeys, and biology marches on.
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But is that all love is?
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Or perhaps worse, is it just a construct, some fake concept we all convince each other to try to live up to for a fake sense of purpose?
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Maybe it is a construct, but let's be more precise about what a construct is, because love is constructed from reality.
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Our experiences, feelings, brain chemistry, cultural expectations, our lives.
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And this edifice can be viewed through countless dimensions, scientific, emotional, historical, spiritual, legal, or just personal.
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If no two people are the same, no two people's love is the same either.
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So in every loving relationship, there's a lot to talk about, and partners should be open to that, or the relationship probably won't last.
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Love is always up for discussion, and sure, under construction.
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So if we can't define it, that's a good sign.
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It means we're all still making it.
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Wait, I didn't mean...
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You know what I meant.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 73 frases e 803 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:43. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 170 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 80% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras menos comuns do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
- define /dɪˈfaɪn/ (verbo) — definir. To determine with precision; to mark out with distinctness; to ascertain or exhibit clearly.
- construct /ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/ (verbo) — montar. To build or form (something) by assembling parts.
- reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ (substantivo) — recompensa. Something of value given in return for an act.
- crush /kɹʌʃ/ (verbo) — amassar. To press between two hard objects; to squeeze so as to alter the natural shape or integrity, or to force together into a mass.
- monkey /ˈmʌŋki/ (substantivo) — macaco, símio. A member of the clade Simiiformes other than those in the clade Hominoidea containing apes, generally (but not universally) distinguished by small size, tails…
- lottery /ˈlɑtɚi/ (substantivo) — lotaria, loteria. A scheme for the distribution of prizes by lot or chance, especially a gaming scheme in which one or more tickets bearing particular numbers draw prizes, the…
- addict /ˈæd.ɪkt/ (substantivo) — viciado, adicto. A person who is addicted, especially to a harmful drug.
- universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/ (adjetivo) — universal. Of or pertaining to the universe.
- relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/ (substantivo) — parente, parenta. Someone connected by blood, marriage, or adoption; someone in the same family.
- temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/ (adjetivo) — temporário. Not permanent; existing only for a period or periods of time.
- argue /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ (verbo) — discutir, argumentar. To show grounds for concluding (that); to indicate, imply.
- contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/ (substantivo) — contraste. The degree of this difference.
- mystery /ˈmɪs.t(ə.)ɹi/ (substantivo) — mistério. Something secret or unexplainable; an unknown.
- select /sɪˈlɛkt/ (verbo) — escolher, selecionar. To choose one or more elements of a set, especially a set of options.
- concrete /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/ (adjetivo) — concreto. Real, actual, tangible.
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
- bring about (verbo) — causar, provocar. To cause to take place.
- come on /ˌkʌm ˈɒn/ — vá lá. Come along with me; join me in going.
- think about /ˈθɪŋk əˌbaʊt/ (verbo) — pensar em, pensar sobre. To ponder.
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 17 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, you've, can't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: thread /ˈθɹɛd/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: crush /kɹʌʃ/, contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, shelter /ˈʃɛltə/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como define, construct, reward.
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | you've never felt · you've felt · You've fallen |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | can be addicted · is constructed · can be viewed |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | someone who just · someone who can |
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.