Prática de Shadowing: Why Life Seems to Speed Up as We Age - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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I remember when I was a kid waiting an hour for my favorite TV show to come on which was Sharon, Lois and Bram, that felt like eternity.
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But as I've gotten older everything seems to have sped up.
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Time is going much faster.
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That's something virtually everyone agrees upon.
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Yeah I feel like I feel like it does.
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Oh man so much.
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HES sort of gets faster and faster.
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But why is this?
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Is it just an illusion or are there good scientific reasons why time appears to go faster as we get older?
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Well, I'm working with the National Geographic Channel's Brain Games, a show that explores the inner workings of the human mind through experiments
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and interactive games to test out some theories about why this actually occurs.
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There is a reasonable sounding argument that says each year goes faster
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because it makes up a smaller fraction of your entire life.
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Let's say I was only 20.
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One year is only 1 20th of my age.
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When I'm 67, one year is 1 67th of my age.
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This graph shows one year as a percentage of your life at each age.
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But what I find weird about this is if you add up the area underneath the curve, you'll find that you've already lived half of the total by age six.
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So I really don't think this is how our brains perceive time.
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You really think that like a day now?
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Of course not.
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I think there are better reasons why time appears to speed up as we get older.
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So I've come to Venice Beach to find two groups of people, the older and younger, to to see if their perceptions of time differ.
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So what I want to do is I want to set my timer going, and without counting, you tell me when you think a minute is up.
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Let's go.
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Start.
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OK.
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Everywhere around the world, when this experiment is performed, older people typically overestimate, while younger people measure it quite accurately.
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All right, please stop.
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Yep.
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Whoa.
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One minute, two seconds.
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A minute and two seconds.
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A minute and five.
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As we get older, the rate at which our neurons fire, or our neuron conduction velocity, it decreases.
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And you can think of this firing rate a little bit like an internal clock.
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And so if our internal clock is slowing down, that would make everything else, external time, seem to be speeding up.
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I'm gonna tell you the time.
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Now?
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Now.
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One minute.
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That's it?
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That was one minute?
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One minute.
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Minute, 17 seconds.
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Not bad, right?
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Not bad.
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I thought I'd be a lot closer actually, but I guess I wasn't.
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Do you want to know what it really was?
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1 minute 47.
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No way, it was almost 2 minutes.
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It was almost...
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It was almost...
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It really is amazing how fast time flies by, it really is.
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Our sense of time, or chronoception, is not like one of the standard five senses.
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It has no specialized receptor cells, and it does not appear to be localized in just one part of the brain.
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Perhaps this suggests that it's not one coherent thing at all.
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But it does seem that our perception of time is very fundamental.
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Studies of rats have shown that even with their neocortex removed, that is the higher-order thinking part of their brains,
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they're still able to learn how to time 40 seconds accurately.
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That's quite remarkable, and it suggests our sense of time evolved early and is one of the fundamental functions of the brain.
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But that doesn't mean our brains always represent time faithfully.
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For example, have you noticed that really good movies seem to go by much faster than they actually are?
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Or do you notice that your vacations fly by?
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There are good reasons for this.
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When we're focused on something we don't notice the time is passing
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and that makes them feel in the moment shorter than they actually are.
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At its best this results in a mental state called flow.
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This can happen when playing sports or video games or artists when they're fully engrossed in their work or people meditating.
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So I would argue another reason time speeds up as we age is
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because we are more often engrossed in what we're doing.
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Another thing that appears to make time speed up is repetition.
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I'm going to show you a series of images
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and I want you to consider how long each one appears on the screen.
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Are you ready?
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Go!
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So which one appeared to last the longest?
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If you're like most people, you'd probably say the dog.
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But all of those images actually appeared on screen for the same length of time.
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The dog seemed longer because it was novel and therefore your brain had to invest more energy in processing it.
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What's remarkable is that our sense of how long something is or subjective duration
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It correlates highly with how much energy we're using in our brains Now
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if you study how much energy people use in their brains over the course of their lifetime You find
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that it peaks around age 5
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If you think about it this kind of makes sense because
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when you're a kid almost everything is novel to you
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And therefore your brain needs to use more energy fully 66%
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of your resting energy intake That's used by the brain
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because of all of the novel experiences and
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that must at least in part explain why time appears to go more slowly
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So what can we do to slow time down?
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Well studies have shown that being afraid
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increases our perception of time when arachnophobes were forced to stare at spiders for 45 seconds Yes,
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this is a real experiment those arachnophobes judged
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that experience as lasting much longer than 45 seconds as you'd kind of expect Plus,
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experiments involving skydivers or people falling show that they judge their experience to last much longer than it actually is.
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Another time when time appears to pass slowly is when you're bored.
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You know, when you're waiting and waiting, that's all you think about, so it seems like time drags forever.
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Since there is so little to focus on, you are acutely aware of just how much time is passing, and so these boring moments drag on and on.
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So if you really want to slow down your experience of time, you could scare yourself, take up extreme sports, get into accidents, and intersperse all of that with periods of boredom.
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But this viewpoint ignores one important fact, which is that we don't experience time as just one thing.
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We think about time as it passes, but also as it has passed before, when we remember it.
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And those two ways of looking at time, they don't align.
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So for example, holidays, they feel like they go by really fast, but when you think back upon them, they last a long time.
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That's because you had a lot of novel experiences and your brain formed a lot of memories, and it judges the duration of that vacation by the number of memories that were formed.
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All that novelty means lots of memories means it feels like it took a long time, but in the moment it felt fast.
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This is the paradox, the great paradox of our perception of time.
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If you want time to go slowly, there are a lot of things you can expose yourself to that will slow time down, but they won't necessarily be pleasant.
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So maybe the happiest life and the longest remembered life is one where time really seems to fly.
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It's like Einstein said, put your hand on a stove for a minute and it'll feel like an hour, but sit next to a pretty girl for an hour and it'll feel like a minute.
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So what would you like your life to feel like?
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I want to thank the National Geographic channel for sponsoring this episode of Veritasium.
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And if you want to introduce more novelty into your life, then you should check out their series Brain Games.
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The new season begins February 14th at 9, 8 central.
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And this season they have an episode about all of your senses, including your sense of time, Chronoception.
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So if you want to find out more, then check out the link to their website in the description.
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And thank you for watching.
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Did that feel like that lasted long?
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível B2 usa o vídeo “Why Life Seems to Speed Up as We Age”. As palavras que mais se repetem: brain, appear, sense, faster, seconds. Este vídeo tem 118 frases e 1408 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 7:41. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 183 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. 87% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é fácil de acompanhar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| perception substantivo | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | percepção, perceção |
| arachnophobe substantivo | aracnofóbico | |
| chronoception substantivo | /ˌkɹɑnoʊˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | percepção temporal |
| neuron substantivo | /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/ | neurônio, neurónio |
| paradox substantivo | /ˈpæ.ɹəˌdɒks/ | paradoxo |
| novelty substantivo | /ˈnɑvəlti/ | novidade |
| bore verbo | /boɹ/ | chatear, aborrecer |
| accurately advérbio | /ˈæk.jə.ɹɪt.li/ | exatamente, precisamente |
| duration substantivo | /dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ | duração |
| acutely advérbio | /əˈkjuːtli/ | agudamente |
| boredom substantivo | /ˈbɔɹ.dəm/ | aborrecimento, tédio |
| conduction substantivo | /kənˈdʌkʃən/ | condução |
| correlate verbo | /ˈkɔɹəleɪt/ | correlacionar, correlatar |
| faithfully advérbio | /ˈfeɪθfəli/ | fielmente |
| intersperse verbo | /ˌɪntəˈspɜːs/ | intercalar |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| check out verbo | verificar, sacar só | |
| slow down verbo | desacelerar | |
| find out verbo | descobrir | |
| make up verbo | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | compensar |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- You really think that like a day now?
- I'm gonna tell you the time.
- Do you want to know what it really was?
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Frases condicionais if + oração, will/would + verbo — uma condição e seu resultado | If you're like most people, you'd probably |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | I've gotten · you've already lived · I've come |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is performed · be localized · were forced |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 30 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, I'm, you're. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: faithfully /ˈfeɪθfəli/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, chronoception /ˌkɹɑnoʊˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, duration /dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, conduction /kənˈdʌkʃən/, repetition /ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.ən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: chronoception /ˌkɹɑnoʊˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, accurately /ˈæk.jə.ɹɪt.li/, overestimate /ˌəʊvəɹˈɛstɪmeɪt/, repetition /ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.ən/, eternity /əˈtɜɹnəti/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: correlate /ˈkɔɹəleɪt/, meditate /ˈmɛ.dɪˌteɪt/, overestimate /ˌəʊvəɹˈɛstɪmeɪt/, coherent /koʊˈhɛɹ.ənt/, viewpoint /ˈvjuː.pɔɪnt/
- s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: skydiver /ˈskaɪˌdaɪvɚ/, specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/, stove /stoʊv/, stare /stɛɚ/, sponsor /ˈspɒn.səː/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como perception, arachnophobe, chronoception.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.