Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Why Life Seems to Speed Up as We Age
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118 câu
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1
I remember when I was a kid waiting an hour for my favorite TV show to come on which was Sharon, Lois and Bram, that felt like eternity.
Tôi nhớ hồi còn nhỏ, tôi phải chờ cả tiếng đồng hồ để chương trình TV yêu thích của mình là Sharon, Lois và Bram được phát sóng, và khoảng thời gian đó cảm giác như cả một đời.
2
But as I've gotten older everything seems to have sped up.
Nhưng khi tôi càng lớn tuổi, mọi thứ dường như càng diễn ra nhanh hơn.
3
Time is going much faster.
Thời gian trôi qua nhanh hơn nhiều.
4
That's something virtually everyone agrees upon.
Đó là điều mà hầu như ai cũng đồng ý.
5
Yeah I feel like I feel like it does.
Ừ, tôi cũng cảm thấy là như vậy.
6
Oh man so much.
7
HES sort of gets faster and faster.
8
But why is this?
9
Is it just an illusion or are there good scientific reasons why time appears to go faster as we get older?
10
Well, I'm working with the National Geographic Channel's Brain Games, a show that explores the inner workings of the human mind through experiments
11
and interactive games to test out some theories about why this actually occurs.
12
There is a reasonable sounding argument that says each year goes faster
13
because it makes up a smaller fraction of your entire life.
14
Let's say I was only 20.
15
One year is only 1 20th of my age.
16
When I'm 67, one year is 1 67th of my age.
17
This graph shows one year as a percentage of your life at each age.
18
But what I find weird about this is if you add up the area underneath the curve, you'll find that you've already lived half of the total by age six.
19
So I really don't think this is how our brains perceive time.
20
You really think that like a day now?
21
Of course not.
22
I think there are better reasons why time appears to speed up as we get older.
23
So I've come to Venice Beach to find two groups of people, the older and younger, to to see if their perceptions of time differ.
24
So what I want to do is I want to set my timer going, and without counting, you tell me when you think a minute is up.
25
Let's go.
26
Start.
27
OK.
28
Everywhere around the world, when this experiment is performed, older people typically overestimate, while younger people measure it quite accurately.
29
All right, please stop.
30
Yep.
31
Whoa.
32
One minute, two seconds.
33
A minute and two seconds.
34
A minute and five.
35
As we get older, the rate at which our neurons fire, or our neuron conduction velocity, it decreases.
36
And you can think of this firing rate a little bit like an internal clock.
37
And so if our internal clock is slowing down, that would make everything else, external time, seem to be speeding up.
38
I'm gonna tell you the time.
39
Now?
40
Now.
41
One minute.
42
That's it?
43
That was one minute?
44
One minute.
45
Minute, 17 seconds.
46
Not bad, right?
47
Not bad.
48
I thought I'd be a lot closer actually, but I guess I wasn't.
49
Do you want to know what it really was?
50
1 minute 47.
51
No way, it was almost 2 minutes.
52
It was almost...
53
It was almost...
54
It really is amazing how fast time flies by, it really is.
55
Our sense of time, or chronoception, is not like one of the standard five senses.
56
It has no specialized receptor cells, and it does not appear to be localized in just one part of the brain.
57
Perhaps this suggests that it's not one coherent thing at all.
58
But it does seem that our perception of time is very fundamental.
59
Studies of rats have shown that even with their neocortex removed, that is the higher-order thinking part of their brains,
60
they're still able to learn how to time 40 seconds accurately.
61
That's quite remarkable, and it suggests our sense of time evolved early and is one of the fundamental functions of the brain.
62
But that doesn't mean our brains always represent time faithfully.
63
For example, have you noticed that really good movies seem to go by much faster than they actually are?
64
Or do you notice that your vacations fly by?
65
There are good reasons for this.
66
When we're focused on something we don't notice the time is passing
67
and that makes them feel in the moment shorter than they actually are.
68
At its best this results in a mental state called flow.
69
This can happen when playing sports or video games or artists when they're fully engrossed in their work or people meditating.
70
So I would argue another reason time speeds up as we age is
71
because we are more often engrossed in what we're doing.
72
Another thing that appears to make time speed up is repetition.
73
I'm going to show you a series of images
74
and I want you to consider how long each one appears on the screen.
75
Are you ready?
76
Go!
77
So which one appeared to last the longest?
78
If you're like most people, you'd probably say the dog.
79
But all of those images actually appeared on screen for the same length of time.
80
The dog seemed longer because it was novel and therefore your brain had to invest more energy in processing it.
81
What's remarkable is that our sense of how long something is or subjective duration
82
It correlates highly with how much energy we're using in our brains Now
83
if you study how much energy people use in their brains over the course of their lifetime You find
84
that it peaks around age 5
85
If you think about it this kind of makes sense because
86
when you're a kid almost everything is novel to you
87
And therefore your brain needs to use more energy fully 66%
88
of your resting energy intake That's used by the brain
89
because of all of the novel experiences and
90
that must at least in part explain why time appears to go more slowly
91
So what can we do to slow time down?
92
Well studies have shown that being afraid
93
increases our perception of time when arachnophobes were forced to stare at spiders for 45 seconds Yes,
94
this is a real experiment those arachnophobes judged
95
that experience as lasting much longer than 45 seconds as you'd kind of expect Plus,
96
experiments involving skydivers or people falling show that they judge their experience to last much longer than it actually is.
97
Another time when time appears to pass slowly is when you're bored.
98
You know, when you're waiting and waiting, that's all you think about, so it seems like time drags forever.
99
Since there is so little to focus on, you are acutely aware of just how much time is passing, and so these boring moments drag on and on.
100
So if you really want to slow down your experience of time, you could scare yourself, take up extreme sports, get into accidents, and intersperse all of that with periods of boredom.
101
But this viewpoint ignores one important fact, which is that we don't experience time as just one thing.
102
We think about time as it passes, but also as it has passed before, when we remember it.
103
And those two ways of looking at time, they don't align.
104
So for example, holidays, they feel like they go by really fast, but when you think back upon them, they last a long time.
105
That's because you had a lot of novel experiences and your brain formed a lot of memories, and it judges the duration of that vacation by the number of memories that were formed.
106
All that novelty means lots of memories means it feels like it took a long time, but in the moment it felt fast.
107
This is the paradox, the great paradox of our perception of time.
108
If you want time to go slowly, there are a lot of things you can expose yourself to that will slow time down, but they won't necessarily be pleasant.
109
So maybe the happiest life and the longest remembered life is one where time really seems to fly.
110
It's like Einstein said, put your hand on a stove for a minute and it'll feel like an hour, but sit next to a pretty girl for an hour and it'll feel like a minute.
111
So what would you like your life to feel like?
112
I want to thank the National Geographic channel for sponsoring this episode of Veritasium.
113
And if you want to introduce more novelty into your life, then you should check out their series Brain Games.
114
The new season begins February 14th at 9, 8 central.
115
And this season they have an episode about all of your senses, including your sense of time, Chronoception.
116
So if you want to find out more, then check out the link to their website in the description.
117
And thank you for watching.
118
Did that feel like that lasted long?
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói trình độ B2 này dựa trên video “Why Life Seems to Speed Up as We Age”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: brain, appear, sense, faster, seconds. Video này có 118 câu và 1408 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 7:41. Người nói nói nhanh, khoảng 183 từ mỗi phút, nên sẽ có nhiều chỗ nối âm và nuốt âm. 87% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng dễ theo.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
13 từ khó nhất trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| perception danh từ | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | tri giác |
| neuron danh từ | /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/ | tế bào thần kinh, nơ-ron |
| paradox danh từ | /ˈpæ.ɹəˌdɒks/ | nghịch lý |
| bore động từ | /boɹ/ | khoan, đục |
| boredom danh từ | /ˈbɔɹ.dəm/ | nỗi buồn tẻ, nỗi buồn chán |
| stove danh từ | /stoʊv/ | lò, bếp lò |
| velocity danh từ | /vəˈlɑsəti/ | vận tốc |
| fraction danh từ | /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/ | phần, tỷ lệ |
| differ động từ | /ˈdɪfɚ/ | khác, không giống |
| graph danh từ | /ɡɹæf/ | biểu đồ |
| curve danh từ | /kɚv/ | khúc quanh |
| rat danh từ | /ɹæt/ | chuột |
| decrease động từ | /dɪˈkɹiːs/ | hạ |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| check out động từ | tính tiền, trả phòng |
Những câu đáng luyện lại
Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:
- You really think that like a day now?
- I'm gonna tell you the time.
- Do you want to know what it really was?
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu điều kiện if + mệnh đề, will/would + động từ — điều kiện và kết quả | If you're like most people, you'd probably |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | I've gotten · you've already lived · I've come |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | is performed · be localized · were forced |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 30 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ don't, I'm, you're. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: faithfully /ˈfeɪθfəli/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, chronoception /ˌkɹɑnoʊˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, duration /dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, conduction /kənˈdʌkʃən/, repetition /ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.ən/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: chronoception /ˌkɹɑnoʊˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, accurately /ˈæk.jə.ɹɪt.li/, overestimate /ˌəʊvəɹˈɛstɪmeɪt/, repetition /ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.ən/, eternity /əˈtɜɹnəti/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: paradox /ˈpæ.ɹəˌdɒks/, coherent /koʊˈhɛɹ.ənt/, viewpoint /ˈvjuː.pɔɪnt/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: duration /dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, subjective /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/, illusion /ɪˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: paradox /ˈpæ.ɹəˌdɒks/, accurately /ˈæk.jə.ɹɪt.li/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, graph /ɡɹæf/, interactive /ˌɪn.tɚˈæk.tɪv/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như perception, neuron, paradox.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.