Практика Shadowing: Model United Nations Flow of Debate Training Video - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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Hello, we are the Model United Nations Working Group in Ukraine, and today we are going to be demonstrating the flow of debate and Model United Nations procedures for a Model UN committee.
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Today we are using the United Nations Security Council as an example, but this can be used for any committee.
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We have a chair and four delegates.
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I am a delegate.
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I am representing People's Republic of China.
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I am the chair.
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I moderate debate and tell delegates when they may speak so that not everyone talks at the same time.
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I sometimes also have a secretary.
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They keep track of time for speaking and caucuses, keep track of the speakers list and other tasks the chair needs help with.
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They sometimes are called a co -chair.
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Additionally, at an event, there can also be a secretary general.
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They are in charge of all committees at a conference, camp, or other event.
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In real life, they are the head of the United Nations.
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In MUN, they don't really do much directly in committee, unless there are problems between delegates and chairs.
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To open the committee session, the chair calls this session to order.
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Attention delegates, please take your seats.
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I hereby call this United Nations Security Council session to order.
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Is there a motion to open debate?
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Yes, Ukraine.
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Motion to open debate.
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Is there a second?
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Thank you, Canada.
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All those in favor?
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All those opposed?
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As motion passes, debate is now open.
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At the beginning of each committee session, the chair will take attendance in alphabetical order.
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When your country is called, you may answer present or present in voting.
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Present means you can vote yay, nay, or abstain.
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Present in voting means you can only vote yay or nay, but may not abstain.
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Delegates, we will now enter roll call.
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Please state your voting preference between present or present in voting.
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Brazil.
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Brazil is present.
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Canada.
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Canada is present and voting.
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If this is the first session of the committee, to start things off, you can use a speakers list.
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A speakers list is a way for each country to present their position on the committee and topics.
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You start by formally opening the speakers list, setting a speaking time, and then asking to be added to the speakers list.
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You can close the speakers list at any time.
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A speakers list can be used to debate agenda order or any other subject of debate.
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It is simply a more formal form of debate where the speaking order is set.
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Are there any points or motions on the floor?
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Yes, Brazil.
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Motion to open the speaker's list with a speaking time of two minutes per delegate.
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Is there a second?
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Thank you, Canada.
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All those in favor of opening the speaker's list with a speaking time of two minutes?
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All those opposed?
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This motion passes.
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Please raise your placard if you would like to be added to the speaker's Canada?
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Okay, Brazil, since you proposed the motion, you may go first.
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The delegation of Brazil would like to propose
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that the order of discussion for this session be environmental sustainability followed by space exploration.
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The nation of Brazil has a rich and diverse biodiversity
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that is in danger of being wiped off the earth if nothing is done.
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Space exploration, while important to scientific discovery, does not have the same immediate effect on the world that environmental sustainability does.
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Thank you.
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Brazil would like to yield the rest of its time to the chair.
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Thank you delegates.
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Motion to be added to the speakers list.
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Noted.
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Are there any other points or motions on the floor?
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Seeing none, we will continue with the speakers list.
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Canada, you have the floor.
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The delegation from Canada believes that the environmental sustainability issue we see in our world should be debated first, then followed by space exploration.
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Canada believes that the exploration of space is by far a less pressing issue than the impending disasters
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and exponentially irreversible issues we see in environmental sustainability.
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Thank you for listening and Canada now yields its time to the Delegate of China.
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That is in order.
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China, you have Canada's remaining time of one minute.
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Thank you, Chair.
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The Delegate of China agrees with the Delegation of Canada
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that environmental environmental sustainability is far more pressing as an issue than space exploration.
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The issue requires immediate actions and collaboration among all the states.
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Thank you, Chair.
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I yield the time to the Chair.
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Thank you.
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Delegate from Ukraine.
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Thank you, Chair.
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The Delegation of Ukraine also agrees that space exploration is not a pressing issue
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and that the cover topic should simply be environmental.
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protection and sustainability.
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I yield the rest of my time with any questions.
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Any questions?
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Yes, Canada.
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The candidate delegate would like to ask
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if you are opposed to eventually debating space exploration or do you think we should not cover it at all?
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I believe we could benefit from using the extra time and devoting it to simply environmental sustainability.
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Okay, thank you.
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Are there any points or motions on the floor?
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Yes, Brazil.
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Motion to close the speaker's list?
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Is there a second?
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Thank you, Canada.
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All those in favour?
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All those opposed?
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This motion passes.
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The speakers list is now closed.
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Are there any points or motions on the floor?
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If you notice, when you are finished speaking, if you have extra time, you must yield it or give it away.
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You can yield your time to the chair, who just continues with committee, to another delegate, maybe an ally of yours, or to questions.
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This happens not just with the speakers list, but in any formal debate where you have speaking time.
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In MUN, you can't just start talking about anything.
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You need an agenda.
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Setting an agenda can happen immediately after calling roll or after a speakers list debate.
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Brazil.
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Motion to set the agenda to environmental sustainability followed by space exploration.
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All those in favor?
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All those opposed?
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This motion is in order and passes.
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We will start debate on the topic of environmental sustainability.
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When you want to move on to the next agenda topic, you motion in debate on this agenda topic and proceed to the next one.
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More on ending debate later.
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Now that you have an agenda topic, you may begin debate on that topic.
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If you want, you can motion for another speakers list, this time specifically on the topic, or you can motion for another type of debate.
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The first one we will show is a moderated caucus.
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Delegates will raise their placards to be called on to speak, and the chair will call on speakers one by one until the moderated caucus has expired.
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Moderated caucuses must have a specified subtopic, a speaking time for each speech, and full length for the caucus time.
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The delegate who motioned for the caucus may go first, or they may yield their time to the chair if they don't want to speak.
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Now that the agenda is set, are there any points or motions on the floor?
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Yes, Canada.
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Canada moves for a moderate caucus of 10 minutes with a one minute speaking time on the topic of changing sea levels.
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Thank you, Canada.
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Are there any other points or motions on the floor at this time.
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Yes, Ukraine.
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Motion for a 10 -minute moderated caucus with a 45 -second speaking time to discuss the rapid rise of global temperature.
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Unfortunately, that motion is not in order.
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The speaking time does not divide into the overall time for the moderated caucus.
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Would you like to amend your motion?
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During a moderated caucus, it is important
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that the length of the individual speeches divides into the overall time proposed for the whole moderated caucus.
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Yes, I will amend to a 10 -minute moderated caucus with a one -minute speaking time on the same topic.
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That motion is in order.
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Are there any other points or motions on the floor?
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Yes, Brazil.
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Motion for a nine -minute moderate caucus with 45 seconds speaking time to discuss the Paris Climate Accords.
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That motion is in order.
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We will now vote on the motions in order from most disruptive to least disruptive.
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Motions must be voted on in order of most disruptive to the committee to least disruptive.
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You can find the full order in the resources that accompany this video, but when voting between moderated caucuses, the moderated caucus with most speakers should be voted on first.
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First is Brazil's motion for a nine -minute moderated caucus with 45 seconds speaking time to discuss the Paris climate accords.
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All those in favor, please raise your placards now.
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All those opposed?
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As we have four delegates and this is procedural vote, we need three votes to pass the motion, which is 50 % plus one.
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This motion does not pass.
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Next Next is Canada's motion for a moderated caucus for 10
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minutes with a 1 minute speaking time on the topic of changing sea levels.
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All those in favour?
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All those opposed?
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This motion also doesn't pass.
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Finally, we will vote on Ukraine's motion for a 10 minute moderated
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caucus with a 1 minute speaking time to discuss the rapid rise of global temperature.
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All those in favour, please raise your placards now.
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All those opposed?
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This motion clearly passes.
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Delegates, we are now in a 10 -minute moderated caucus with a speaking time of one minute.
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I will tap the gavel quietly when you have 10 seconds left.
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Ukraine, you now have the floor.
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Thank you, Chair.
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The rapid rise of global temperature we have seen over the past few years is an issue that we cannot ignore anymore.
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This is something that we must prepare for for our future generation.
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We must protect the world.
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over the past few years, we've seen changes in the mainstream.
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Delegate, I'm sorry your time has expired.
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All those who should speak in this moderate pockets, we still have time for four more speakers.
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Yes, China.
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Thank you, Chair.
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The delegation from China wants to say that our country has been greatly impacted by the rapid rise of global temperature.
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The evidence of this issue, and I yield my time to the Chair.
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Thank you, Delegate.
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The time for this moderated caucus has elapsed.
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Are there any points or motions on the floor?
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In contrast, an unmoderated caucus is where there is no formal speaking order.
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Delegates may speak freely, move about and speak with other delegates privately, go to the restroom if needed, write draft resolutions, and so on.
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An unmoderated caucus is more disruptive to debate than a moderated caucus, so it should be voted on before moderated caucuses, regardless of when the speaker proposed the motion.
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Yes, Brazil.
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The delegate from Brazil moves for a 15 -minute unmoderated caucus to discuss draft 1 .0.
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That motion is in order.
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Is there a second?
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Thank you, Canada.
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All those in favor, please raise your placards now.
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That motion clearly passes.
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Delegates, we are now in a 15 -minute unmoderated caucus.
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You are now free to get up and discuss the draft with other delegates.
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Delegates, the time for this unmoderated caucus has elapsed.
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Please return to your seats.
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Are there any points or motions on the floor?
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Yes, you can.
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Motion to extend the unmoderated caucus by five more minutes for the purposes of finishing writing the draft resolution.
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Is there a second?
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Thanks Brazil.
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All those in favor?
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All those opposed?
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This motion passes.
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You have five more minutes.
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Aside from motions, there are a few other things you can say in committee.
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They are called points because they aren't asking for anything to happen to the debate or flow of committee.
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This point of inquiry is used for when you have a question about something.
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It can be procedural or about the committee procedures or about the topic.
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You can raise your placard and say this at any time, but do not interrupt a speaker.
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Excuse me, point of inquiry, how long is left remaining in this committee session?
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We have 45 minutes left.
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Thank you.
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The point of personal privilege is for questions or permissions relating to your personal comfort, such as in its use to go to the bathroom, open a window, or for the speaker to speak louder.
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Yeah, China?
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Point of personal privilege.
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Could I step out to use the bathroom?
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Mm -hmm, granted.
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A point of information is for when you need something clarified.
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Mm -hmm, personal.
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Point of information.
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Which draft resolution are we discussing?
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We are discussing the draft resolution called disaster relief.
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A point of order is used
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when the delegate believes there has been a mistake in committee procedure that needs to be corrected.
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Point of order?
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As we voted for two speeches, four and two against, before we vote on the resolution, we should have one more speaker speaking against the resolution.
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Oh, right.
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Thank you, delegate.
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All those wishing to speak against this resolution.
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A right of reply is the right to speak to another delegate directly talking about your country, usually when a delegate feels personally insulted by another delegate's speech.
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If another delegate directly calls out your country, you can use this to respond and defend your nation.
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It can be granted by the chair.
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We need to set strict limits on carbon emissions and actually monitor those emissions and hold countries accountable via impartial international monitors.
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We cannot let countries such as China act underhandedly
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and use our own monitors to falsify information about emission levels and continue to Right of reply?
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Granted.
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We maintain our right as a sovereign nation to decide which international bodies have access to state information and which do not.
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Canada, please continue.
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Thank you, Chair.
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Once you've debated and used time in unmoderated caucuses to write a draft resolution,
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have enough sponsors or authors in some city tories or supporters to your draft resolution, you must formally introduce it to the committee.
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After it is read aloud, typically the chair allows time for questions about the resolution.
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Are there any points or motions on the floor?
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Yes, Ukraine.
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Motion to introduce draft resolution drug trafficking prevention and have two minutes for questions afterwards.
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Is there a second?
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Thank you, Brazil.
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All those in favor?
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All those opposed?
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This motion passes.
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Ukraine, please let me read to make sure you have enough sponsors and signatories.
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And then please read your resolution aloud to the committee.
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Thank you, Chair.
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So the sponsors of this resolution are the delegations of Ukraine and Canada, and the signatories are the delegations of Brazil and China on the topic of drug trafficking prevention.
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So recalling the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, in particular it's Article 12,
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which lays down the principles and psychotropic substances.
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Thank you, Ukraine.
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You now have two minutes for questions.
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After it has been introduced, the committee can use moderated or unmoderated caucuses to discuss the resolution.
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Edits to a draft resolution are called amendments.
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You can motion to add an amendment after it has been introduced.
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If the authors agree with the amendment, it is called a friendly amendment and is automatically added to the draft resolution.
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If the authors do not agree, it is an unfriendly amendment and must be voted on by the committee.
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Motion to add amendment.
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Delegate, please be recognized by the chair.
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Yes, Brazil.
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The delegation from Brazil would like to motion to add amendment to the draft resolution saying
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that states wishing to exempt themselves from individual substances, classifications may do so to align with their national legislation.
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Ukraine, is this amendment friendly?
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No, it's not.
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Okay, we shall put it to a vote.
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All those in favor of adding this amendment to the draft resolution.
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All those opposed, this amendment still passes and is added to the draft resolution.
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Now, if Ukraine doesn't want their draft resolution to pass with this new unfriendly amendment, they could withdraw the resolution via a motion,
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argue why this point is important in a moderated or unmoderated caucus, negotiate with other states over its non -inclusion, and reintroduce the new draft resolution.
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When the committee is ready to vote on a resolution, they first must vote to start voting by moving its voting procedure.
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Remember that there can be more than one resolution being discussed, so be sure to specify if voting procedures are starting for all resolutions,
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just one, or in a particular order.
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You can also add a 2 -4, 2 -against debate before the final vote
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if you need a chance to persuade other delegates the reasons to vote for or against it.
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A 2 -4, 2 -against can also be used when debating agenda order.
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Are there any points or motions on the floor?
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Yes, China.
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Motions to move into voting procedures on all introduced resolutions.
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Is there a second?
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I'm sorry, without a second, this motion fails.
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Are there any points or motions on the floor?
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Yes, Canada.
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Motion to move into voting procedures for the draft resolution of rising sea levels with a 2 -4 -2 -against argument.
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Is there a second?
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Thank you, China.
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All those in favour?
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All those opposed?
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This motion passes.
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Canada, would you like to speak in this argument?
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Yes, I'll speak in favour.
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Okay, noted.
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Please raise your placard if you would also like to speak in this debate.
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Ukraine?
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I saw your placard first.
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Now raise your placard if you'd like to speak against.
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Okay, China and Brazil.
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We shall alternate for and against speakers.
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Canada, you may go first.
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You have two minutes.
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Thank you.
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Canada, as a large country with multiple oceans along its borders, has seen a huge issue in our country.
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Okay, now that the 242 against time has elapsed, we are now in voting procedures for the resolution Rising Sea Levels.
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Finally, it's time to vote on the resolution.
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Typically delegates vote in favor or against with their placard like for other motions But
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if instead a delegate motions to enter into roll call voting
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procedures Then each country is called from the roll call list
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and they state their voting preference as yay in favor nay against or abstain
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Remember that those
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that were present in voting during roll call at the beginning of the committee may not abstain from a substantive vote
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The motion for a roll call vote on draft resolution sanctions on Venezuela has passed.
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We are now in voting procedures.
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Please state your voting preference when I call your name.
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Brazil.
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Yeah.
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China.
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Name.
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Ukraine.
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Yeah.
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Remember that those
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that were present in voting during roll call at the beginning of committee may not abstain from a substantive vote.
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Canada.
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Abstaining.
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You may not abstain as you are present in voting at the beginning of committee.
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Oh, um, the nay.
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Say it's time for lunch or a break.
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This is how you pause committee, knowing that you'll resume the same topic at the same conference soon.
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Yes, China.
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Motion to suspend debate until the next committee session?
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Is there a second?
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And all those in favor?
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Alright, all those opposed?
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This motion passes.
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Say you're done talking about this topic and want to move on to the next agenda topic.
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This is how you signify that debate is ending on the current topic.
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Yes, Kuzel?
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Motion to table and end the debate on the topic of environmental sustainability and move on to the topic of space exploration.
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Is there a second?
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Thank you, Ukraine.
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All those in favor?
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All those opposed?
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This motion passes.
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We are now debating the topic of space exploration.
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Are there any points or motions on the floor?
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When the conference is over, you need to motion to adjourn the committee.
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Sometimes you can specify until when or leave it open if you don't know.
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Are there any points or motions on the floor?
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Ukraine?
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Motions are adjourned to the committee until the next model you want.
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Is there a second?
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Thank you Canada.
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All those in favor?
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All those opposed?
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This motion passes!
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Почему практиковать речь на английском с этим видео?
Видео о процедурах Модельных Организаций Объединенных Наций (МООН) — отличная возможность потренировать shadow speech (т.е. повторение речи за говорящим) в контексте формального общения. Здесь используются структурированные фразы, специфичные для международных дебатов, что помогает освоить не только грамматику, но и культурные нюансы делового общения. Практика с таким материалом улучшает навык понимания быстрой речи и овладение профессиональным лексиконом, что важно для студентов, будущих дипломатов или тех, кто хочет улучшить shadowing английский на практике.
Грамматика и выражения в контексте
В диалоге можно выделить несколько ключевых структур, полезных для формальных разговоров:
- Модальные глаголы для предложений: «Is there a motion to open debate?» (Есть ли предложение открыть дебаты?) — конструкция с there is и инфинитивом помогает формально предлагать действия. Это важно для shadow speak, так как требует точности в произношении.
- Условные формы для голосования: «All those in favor? All those opposed?» (Все за? Все против?) — короткие вопросы с пропущенными словами (например, «All those who are in favor») тренируют понимание контекстной сокращенной речи, которая часто используется в дебатах.
- Фразы для организации процесса: «Please raise your placard if you would like to be added» (Пожалуйста, поднимите плакат, если хотите быть добавлены) — структура с if и инфинитивом помогает ясно формулировать условия, что нужно для эффективного shadowing.
Трудные места в произношении
В видео есть слова, которые могут вызвать сложности при shadowing:
- Delegate (делегат) — часто произносят как [ˈdɛlɪɡət], но в американском варианте может быть [ˈdɛləɡeɪt]. Важно слушать интонацию, чтобы не спутать с «delegation» (делегация).
- Caucuses (каукусы) — сложная для произношения форма множественного числа, основная ошибка — пропускение звука [k] или неправильное ударение. В контексте МООН это ключевое слово, поэтому важно повторять его за говорящим.
- Placard (плакат) — ударение на первом слоге [ˈplækɑːrd], часто студенты смешивают с «placenta» (плацента), но контекст помогает понять правильное значение. Для shadowing site это отличный пример, как контекст упрощает запоминание.
Пracticing shadow speech с этим видео поможет не только улучшить произношение, но и освоить формальный стиль общения, который пригодится в учебе и карьере. Не забывайте, что shadowing — это процесс, поэтому повторяйте фразы медленно, затем ускоряйте темп, чтобы достичь естественной речи.
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | has expired · have seen · we've seen |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | can be used · are called · is called |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | motion, which is · those who should |
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.