ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: How America became a superpower
กำลังสร้างบทเรียน...
1
The modern United States is the most powerful country in human history.
2
With over 800 military bases and 37% of global military spending, the United States has become the leader of a vast interconnected global system that has helped usher in an era of unprecedented prosperity and low levels of conflict.
3
To understand America’s position in the world, and why it’s so pivotal for world politics as we know it, you have to go back to the country’s founding — back to when America wasn’t a global power in any sense of the word.
4
During the first 70 years of its existence, the United States expanded in both territory and influence in North America eventually reaching the Pacific Ocean in a wave of expansionism that resulted in the wholesale slaughter of the indigenous people who populated the continent.
5
But early Americans were deeply divided as to whether the country should expand beyond the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
6
This became a major debate after the civil war, when some leaders, like post-war Secretary of State Seward, argued that America should push to become a global power.
7
Seward succeeded in pushing a plan to purchase Alaska from Russia, but his attempts to buy Greenland and Iceland, as well as annex territory in the Caribbean, were all blocked by Congress.
8
That’s because some Americans, including many on Capitol Hill, had a strong anti-imperialist bent.
9
These people worried about America getting more involved in global politics, as well as having to integrate populations from “inferior” races.
10
And this opposition applied major checks on the imperialist urge to expand.
11
But something was happening in the late 1800s that would change the debate about American expansionism.
12
The industrial revolution produced explosive economic growth, and the bigger US economy required a more centralized state and bureaucracy to manage the growing economy.
13
Power became concentrated in the federal government, making it easier for expansionist presidents, like William Mckinley, to unilaterally push United States influence abroad.
14
The key turning point came in 1898, when President McKinley dragged the country into war with Spain over the island of Cuba despite intense opposition.
15
The rising US easily defeated the moribund Spanish empire, acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines in the process (1898).
16
Over the next two years, the US would annex the Kingdom of Hawaii (1898), Wake Island (1899), and American Samoa (1900).
17
A few years later the US took control of the Panama Canal Zone (1903) and sent troops to occupy the Dominican Republic (1916), it also purchased the American Virgin Islands (1917).
18
This period of rapid acquisition of far flung territories put the US on the map as a truly global power.
19
During this time, America also began using its influence to protect its growing commercial and military interests abroad, installing pro-American regimes in places like Nicaragua and playing a major role in international diplomacy regarding the Western presence in China.
20
World War I showed how just how much America’s influence had grown.
21
Not only was American intervention a decisive factor in the war's end But President Wilson attended the Paris Peace Conference which ended the war and attempted to set the terms of the peace.
22
He spearheaded America’s most ambitious foreign policy initiative yet, an international organization, called the League of Nations, designed to promote peace and cooperation globally.
23
The League, a wholesale effort to remake global politics, showed just how ambitious American foreign policy had become.
24
Yet isolationism was still a major force in the United States.
25
Yet isolationism was still a major force in the United States.
26
Congress blocked the United States from joining the League of Nations, dooming Wilson’s project.
27
During the Great Depression and the rise of Hitler, the US was was much more focused on its own region than on European affairs Ultimately, though, America’s ever-growing entanglements abroad made it impossible for it to stay out of global affairs entirely.
28
In East Asia, the growing Japanese empire posed a the direct threat to American possessions and troops bringing the United States and Japan into conflict.
29
This culminated in the Pearl Harbor attack bringing the United States into World War II.
30
World War Two would transform America’s global presence forever.
31
The United States was the only major power to avoid economic ruin during the war, and it was the sole country equipped with atomic weapons.
32
As such, it was in unique position to set the terms of the peace — and, with the aim of preventing another war in mind, it took advantage.
33
The most famous example of this is the creation of the United Nations.
34
The UN charter set up a system of international law prohibiting wars of conquest, like the ones waged by the Nazis and the Japanese.
35
It also served as a forum in which the international community could weigh in on disputes, and help resolve them.
36
This way, the Americans hoped, great powers could resolve their differences through compromise and law rather than war.
37
But while the UN is the most famous of the post-war institutions, it isn’t the only one.
38
730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations came together in a small vacation haven in New Hampshire. Their goal? To establish a global financial system that would prevent another Great Depression and World War.
39
The resulting agreement, called the Bretton Woods Agreement ultimately became backbone of the global financial system.
40
Resulting in the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
41
By creating these institutions the United States committed itself to being deeply involved in the world’s problems.
42
The issue, though, is that the world’s second-largest power — The Soviet Union — saw things differently.
43
World War II had made allies out of the democratic West and communist East in the fight against Hitler, but that couldn’t last.
44
The United States saw Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe and elsewhere as a direct threat to its vision of a free-trading world.
45
"To a substantial degree, in one form or another" Socialism has spread the shadow of human regimentation Over most of the nations of the earth And... the shadow is encroaching on our own liberty.
46
Fearful of Soviet intentions towards Western Europe, the US and other European nations created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance meant to stop Russia from invading other countries in Europe.
47
Globally, the US committed to a strategy called “containment” — so called because it was aimed at containing the spread of Communism everywhere on the globe.
48
This new global struggle meant that the US had to exert influence everywhere, all the time.
49
Instead of disbanding the massive military machine created for World War II, its wheels mostly kept turning.
50
This had two main results: first, the US was pulled into unlikely alliances with countries like Saudi Arabia, Israel, and South Korea, seeing each of them as bulwarks against communist influence in their region.
51
Secondly, the US began intervening, often secretly, in dozens of countries to contain Soviet influence.
52
Sometimes this meant propping up sympathetic dictators like in Iran, other times supplying rebels with arms and money like in Afghanistan in 1979 and Nicaragua in 1985.
53
Over the course of the Cold War, the US intervened in hundreds of disputes around the globe, ending up with a complicated set of alliances, tensions, and relationships in basically every corner of the earth.
54
After the Berlin wall fell, the US could have withdrawn from this system, severing ties with its allies and drawing down the size of its military.
55
And while the US did military spending, much of the military infrastructure and alliances from the Cold War war remained.
56
Presidents George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton decided that it was in both America and the world’s interests for the United States, now the sole superpower on earth, to continue actively managing global affairs.
57
" We should be and we must be Peacemakers" NATO, created solely as a tool for countering the Soviets, stayed together and even expanded, a way of keeping European nations united in the absence of the Soviet threat.
58
Washington’s support for countries like Israel and Japan stayed intact, ostensibly as a means of preventing war in those regions.
59
The global system of alliances and institutions created to keep the peace during the Cold War became permanent — as did the American military and political commitments needed to keep them running .
60
This system remains in operation today, and no leading American politician since the Cold War has seriously called for dismantling them — except, perhaps for Donald Trump.
61
Trump has said contradictory things about these commitments.
62
But he’s consistently argued that American allies are not paying America enough for its protection, and questioned the value of free trade.
63
That calls NATO and even the World Trade Organization into question.
64
At some point, we have to say, you know what, we're better off if Japan protects itself against this maniac in North Korea.
65
We're better off if South Korea is going to start to protect itself -- and Saudi Arabia?-- Saudi Arabia? Absolutely.
66
This is a sharp divergence from the consensus that has dominated US foreign policy since 1945, and something closer to the isolationism that came before it.
67
So will President Trump act on some of candidate Trump's ideas, and reverse decades worth of institution building and alliances?
68
We'll find out, soon enough.
📺 ช่องเดียวกัน
B21
Sen. Murphy vs. Trump's corruption | Today, Explained
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B26
Five things you need to know for the 2026 midterms | America, Actually
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B24
Why are weddings so damn expensive?
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
Are headphones destroying our hearing?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
How to be less neurotic | The Gray Area
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
We’re already using AI more than we realize
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B28
How to solve problems like a designer
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
The origin of the '80s aesthetic
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B217
Why “Buy one, get one free” isn’t a great deal
Business EnglishWorking Adults
B22
How F1 drivers survive their own cars
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B210
Why 350°F is the magic number for baking
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B26
How did pink become a girly color?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
The real reason Boeing's new plane crashed twice
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
Food waste is the world's dumbest problem
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
Why AI art struggles with hands
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
How the rich avoid paying taxes
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
How Vladimir Putin won Republicans' approval
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B25
Zohran Mamdani on his first priorities as NYC mayor (Full video interview)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B210
Why we say “OK”
University StudentsWorking Adults
B25
AI can do your homework. Now what?
Business EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
✨ วิดีโอแนะนำ
B2291 ประโยค
Why did white men conquer the world?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
684 ประโยค
Why American Cities Cost So Much and Deliver So Little | The David Frum Show
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
233 ประโยค
Pourquoi les États-Unis ont-ils perdu la Guerre du Vietnam ?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B277 ประโยค
The Attack on Pearl Harbor Changed Everything | WWII With Tom Hanks
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B25
4 ประโยค
Listening practice #speakenglish #vocabs #english #listening
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B28
56 ประโยค
The Monroe Doctrine Explained in 5 Minutes
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
60 ประโยค
Can You Say Why America is the Greatest Country in the World?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
182 ประโยค
What was immigration like before ICE?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B25
93 ประโยค
The Gold Nugget That Changed America Forever
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
192 ประโยค
Lavrov’s Explosive UN Speech: Russia Declares Collapse of American Hegemony | AQ1B
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2260 ประโยค
Should America Leave NATO?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
113 ประโยค
America’s White Slavery Crisis They Don’t Teach You About
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
วิดีโอนี้เหมาะกับใคร?
วิดีโอนี้เหมาะสำหรับผู้เรียนภาษาอังกฤษในระดับกลางถึงสูง ที่ต้องการปรับปรุงการออกเสียงภาษาอังกฤษและพัฒนาทักษะการฟังและการพูดของตนเอง โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งผู้ที่สนใจในประวัติศาสตร์และการเมืองโลก จะได้เรียนรู้จากการสนทนาที่ลึกซึ้งและมีสาระ นอกจากนี้ยังเป็นโอกาสที่ดีในการฝึกชาโดว์อิ้งภาษาอังกฤษ ซึ่งจะช่วยให้คุณพัฒนาความมั่นใจในการพูดและการฟังได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
คำและสำนวนที่ควรจดจำ
- superpower - อำนาจทางการเมืองหรือเศรษฐกิจที่ยิ่งใหญ่
- industrial revolution - การปฏิวัติอุตสาหกรรม ช่วยผลักดันการเติบโตทางเศรษฐกิจ
- imperialist - ผู้ที่สนับสนุนการขยายอำนาจไปยังดินแดนอื่น
- intervention - การเข้าแทรกแซงในเหตุการณ์ต่าง ๆ
คำเหล่านี้ไม่เพียงแค่เป็นคำศัพท์ทางการเมือง แต่ยังเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของบทสนทนาที่สามารถนำมาใช้ในชีวิตประจำวันของคุณได้ การนำคำและสำนวนเหล่านี้มาใช้ในการฝึกพูด จะช่วยให้คุณสื่อสารได้คล่องตัวและมีความน่าสนใจยิ่งขึ้น
วิธีการออกเสียงให้ถูกต้อง
การออกเสียงในวิดีโอนี้มีจุดเด่นที่สำคัญคือการเน้นเสียงที่ชัดเจนและการใช้โทนเสียงที่เหมาะสมในแต่ละบริบท เพื่อช่วยให้คุณ ปรับปรุงการออกเสียงภาษาอังกฤษ ได้ดีขึ้น เมื่อคุณฝึกชาโดว์อิ้งภาษาอังกฤษ ตามที่ได้ยินในวิดีโอ ให้เน้นเสียงตามแบบที่พูด มีการย้ำเสียงในบางคำ เช่น "superpower" หรือ "intervention" ที่มักจะมีน้ำเสียงหนักหน่วงและชัดเจน การฝึกพูดตามจะช่วยให้คุณเข้าใจการใช้เสียงในแต่ละสถานการณ์ได้ดีขึ้น
ลองฟังและพูดตามเพื่อให้เกิดความคุ้นเคยในการออกเสียง และพัฒนาทักษะของคุณไปพร้อม ๆ กับการเรียนรู้ประวัติศาสตร์และการเมืองโลกจากวิดีโอนี้ นี่จะเป็นอีกหนึ่งวิธีที่ดีในการ ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษ อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | has become · has spread · has said |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | was aimed · was pulled |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ