ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: "Where are we not telling the truth?" | Jon Lovett | Google Zeitgeist
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143 ประโยค
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I, first of all, I cannot tell you how surprised I am to be standing here,
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not only because I'm joining so many illustrious speakers at this conference, but also because I'm such a proud Bing user.
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Yeah, I'm a Bing guy.
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If I'm looking for directions or a restaurant, I just Bing it.
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That was hard to say, and I honestly didn't know what would happen.
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Seeing Larry Summers reminded me of a story.
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Early in 2009, I was a speechwriter for the President,
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but I was enlisted to help the National Economic Council with a speech for its then -director, Summers.
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I read the first draft that he and his staff had written, and the conversation basically went as follows.
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I said, Larry, maybe we can try translating this thing into plain English.
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And Larry replied, ah, plain English, no. It's a lesson, especially with recent news.
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If you refuse to treat
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Congress like children, they're going to act like it anyway.
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In that spirit, I'm going to do my best not to mince words, and let me say that I am truly honored to be here.
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I want to emphasize that because of what I'm about to say next.
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This is a gathering that has drawn an incredible disparate array of elites, from government, the media, academia, and the corporate world.
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But you all have something in common.
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Everyone hates you.
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That was hard to say, too.
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It's also, I'll admit, a gross generalization.
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However, survey after survey shows the same result.
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Trust in America's major institutions and those who lead those institutions is at an all -time low.
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Banks and big businesses are viewed favorably by only a quarter of those who are asked.
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More people actually say that business executives contribute little or nothing to society than say that those executives contribute a lot.
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According to Pew, only 9 % of adults have a great deal of confidence in the press.
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Whenever Gallup asks people about Congress, the phones technically melt.
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They go through a ton of phones.
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Only 10 % of people say they trust Congress.
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Now, as an aside on that one, yes, it is shocking that Congress' approval rating is so low.
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But is it even more shocking that it's so high?
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The equivalent would be if a waiter took 100 orders, served everyone bowls of dog hair and paint, and then only like 90 people were angry.
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It's the worst restaurant in the world, but what is going on with those other 10 people?
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All right, I have you now.
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Whatever.
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None of us has ever seen
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Americans so fundamentally unhappy with those who wield any form of power in this country.
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And there are many who have resorted as a result to pessimism and hand -wringing about the decline of our society.
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But that is wrong.
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These surveys capture not only disappointment and fury, but also what I believe is really, really good news.
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And here's the reason.
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When it comes to the epic volume of bullshit that is shoveled in the direction of ordinary
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Americans on a daily basis, the partisan rhetoric just true enough not to be a lie,
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the industry sponsored research, the sleazy PR firms placing op -eds on behalf of Vladimir Putin, the greenwashing and Twitter brand strategies,
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the legalese and corporate doublespeak, and the end user license agreements.
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And by the way, let me know when you guys change those bad boys,
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because I've agreed in advance to any changes you make at any time, which is incredibly exciting.
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But when it comes to all this noise and nonsense that sows distrust, that sows division, people are registering and acting upon their frustration.
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And increasingly, those companies, candidates, and creators who strive to be honest and open, they will be rewarded.
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Yes, I believe we have reached the tipping point I'm sorry, listen to me.
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I believe we have reached Malcolm Gladwell's The Tipping Point.
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We have hit peak bullshit.
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Now, you might think it's difficult to identify the exact moment when we pass this milestone, that it is an amorphous and subjective term.
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This is incorrect.
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We hit peak bullshit on February 28, 2012.
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Two things happened on that day.
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One, Mitt Romney won the Michigan and Arizona primaries,
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thereby stopping the candidacy of Rick Santorum and securing his place as the most disingenuous major presidential candidate in modern political history.
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And I don't say that as a Democrat, I say that as a human being with eyes, but there's more.
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For on this day, Universal Studios was in the midst of launching a film, The Lorax, based on the fable by Dr. Seuss about corporate greed,
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consumerism, and environmental degradation.
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Unfortunately, the irony of securing 70 corporate sponsors for this film was either lost on
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or more likely ignored by Universal and its corporate partner, Mazda.
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This is from the Washington Post with some commentary from me
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on the historic events of February the 28th in the year 2012.
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At Polk Elementary on Tuesday,
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more than 100 kindergartners and fourth and fifth graders crowded into the multipurpose room for a rendition of Dr. Seuss's The Lorax.
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Afterward, a Mazda representative stood up.
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He unveiled an oversized $1 ,000 check.
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Yes, a giant check for a grand, like a rent check, meant to help beef up the school's library collection.
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The Mazda representative then told the kids
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that they could help raise up to a million dollars for other schools and qualify for a chance to visit Universal Studios.
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Wait for it.
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All they had to do was persuade their parents to go to the nearest Mazda dealership for a test drive.
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The Mazda representative then told his rapt audience of tiny children that at 35 miles to the gallon,
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Mazda CX -5 is the most efficient SUV on America's highways.
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That's the kind of car we think the Lorax would like to drive.
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Not done.
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It gets worse.
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Then, a very lovable looking Lorax emerges from stage rights and the kids,
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many of them, and this is the part that makes it like a tragedy, the kids wearing homemade striped cat in the hat hats.
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That is adorable.
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The kids erupt in squeals.
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The Lorax waves and doles out hugs, and then, are you ready for what they did?
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Everyone was ushered outside to see two cars up close, a Mazda 3 sedan and a CX -5 sport utility vehicle,
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both specially painted with Lorax scenes.
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Yes, this was the moment when the righteous, beloved, sad, desperate Lorax attempted to sell an SUV to an audience of captivated children.
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This was peak bullshit it." Look, is a word you hear before a caveat.
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But a fair critique here would be to say that what I'm talking about are champagne problems,
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that people dealing with real issues of war and economic dislocation and stubborn poverty and disease, many of you in this room,
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but it's only wishful thinking to believe that a culture saturated by soul -crushing, vulgar nonsense does not shape our every response to major challenges.
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When suspicion and mistrust become so pervasive that it tears at the fabric of society.
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When more people, not fewer, believe climate change is a hoax today than a year ago.
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When the American people despise and then re -elect
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Congress year after year, term after term.
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When children are dying of nearly eradicated diseases because there is
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so much mud in the water that smart people can't see that it's wrong not to vaccinate their kids.
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When our entire financial system can be pushed to the brink of total collapse by mechanized,
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weaponized bullshit from the quants who convinced the banks of a
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recipe for free money to the realtors who convinced homebuyers of a recipe for free houses.
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This is not some hipster annoyance.
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This is not some petty frustration with modern life.
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It's a threat to the health and well -being of society. But here's my argument.
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Across politics, entertainment, commerce, we are seeing the response to that threat.
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We see it in the success of Stephen Colbert and Jon Stewart mocking the artifice of cable news and exposing intellectual dishonesty.
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We see it in the rise of fact -checking news outlets.
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We see it in the hunger for the raw sincerity of Louis C .K., Lena Dunham.
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Even our superhero movies are getting grittier.
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We see it in politics.
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I believe Barack Obama represents this movement, that the rise of his candidacy was,
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in part, a consequence of the desire for greater authenticity in our public life.
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But you don't have to be a Democrat to believe me.
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You see it across the political spectrum, from Elizabeth Warren in Massachusetts to Chris Christie in New Jersey to Rand Paul in Kentucky.
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I'd point to Governor Huntsman, but he lost, and he may be a counterexample.
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And by the way, we also see, though, that this authenticity is a form of political strength.
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Whatever your politics, it's hard to deny that
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President Obama has succeeded in weathering various storms in part thanks to a reservoir of trust.
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Even big companies, in their own adorable way, can't help but respond to this trend by paying consultants big money to help them seem authentic,
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which is both a categorical failure and the first step on the road to recovery.
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And it's no surprise that tech companies have been better than most at actually absorbing this trend, in part because you had to.
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Your savvy, connected, vigilant customers got there ahead of you
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and are quite happy to eat you alive if you aren't honest with them or even yourselves.
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If you don't believe me, you can look it up on your Windows phone.
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There is more to this story, but the bottom line is this.
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In a nation that is frustrated by spin and deceit, in a time of rapid technological change that only exposes corporations and government to greater scrutiny,
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and as a rising generation of young people who are practically bred and trained not to trust you,
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take greater control of the market and the culture, increasingly deception is not cynical.
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It is naive.
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Now, I want to say the kind of BS phrase
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that you tend to hear at conferences like TED and this and Aspen Ideas.
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I'm hesitant, but whatever, when in Rome.
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I say this hopefully and purely anecdotally, but what we need and what is possible is a renaissance of integrity.
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And what I hope you'll do, not out of charity or corporate responsibility, but out of brute self -interest, is go to that Monday morning meeting,
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the one where everyone is on their phones and that always starts 10 minutes late, and ask, where are we not telling the truth?
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Where are we not being straight with our customers, not out of necessity, but of fear, laziness, or lack of imagination?
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And I say that as someone who comes from the world of politics and who understands intimately those pressures.
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Ask, where are we competing not on quality, but on confusion?
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Where do we lack confidence? not only in our customers, but in ourselves.
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When it comes, you know, and if no one answers that, you know, find some people under 30 and they'll point you in the right direction.
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When it comes to the truth, we are in a seller's market, and you can profit by taking part in it.
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This is a moment when sincerity and openness is not only right, but smart.
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Tell the truth.
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All right, thank you.
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Thank you.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “"Where are we not telling the truth?"” เป็นสื่อ วิดีโอนี้มี 106 ประโยค และ 1942 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 10:27 ผู้พูดพูดเร็ว ประมาณ 186 คำต่อนาที จึงมีการเชื่อมเสียงและลดเสียงค่อนข้างมาก มีเพียง 77% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| plain คำนาม | /pleɪn/ | ที่ราบ |
| nonsense คำนาม | /ˈnɒn.səns/ | ความเพ้อเจ้อ, การเพ้อเจ้อ |
| expose คำกริยา | /ɪkˈspoʊz/ | เผย, เปิดเผย |
| ignore คำกริยา | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | เมิน |
| lesson คำนาม | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | บทเรียน |
| poverty คำนาม | /ˈpɑːvɚti/ | ความจน, ความยากจน |
| capture คำกริยา | /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/ | ยึด |
| ordinary คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/ | สามัญ |
| elite คำนาม | /ɪˈlit/ | อติชน, อภิชน |
| compete คำกริยา | /kəmˈpiːt/ | แข่ง, แข่งขัน |
| refuse คำกริยา | /ɹɪˈfjuːz/ | ปฏิเสธ |
| spin คำกริยา | /spɪn/ | หมุน, ปั่น |
| commerce คำนาม | /ˈkɑ.mɚs/ | พาณิชย์, ธุรกิจ |
| remind คำกริยา | /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ | เตือน |
| epic คำนาม | /ˈɛp.ɪk/ | มหากาพย์ |
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | has drawn · has ever seen · have resorted |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | was enlisted · are viewed · is shoveled |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | those who lead · those who are · those who wield |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 23 ครั้ง เช่น I'm, don't, can't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: authenticity /ɑθɛnˈtɪsɪti/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, authentic /ɔˈθɛn.tɪk/, thereby /ðɛɹˈbaɪ/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: shock /ʃɔk/, frustration /fɹʌsˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, imagination /ɪˌmæd͡ʒəˈneɪʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: adorable /əˈdoɹ.əˌbəl/, authenticity /ɑθɛnˈtɪsɪti/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: convince /kənˈvɪns/, nonsense /ˈnɒn.səns/, adorable /əˈdoɹ.əˌbəl/, expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, gross /ɡɹoʊs/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: convince /kənˈvɪns/, poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/, beloved /bɪˈlʌvd/, reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/, yourselves /jəˈsɛlvz/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/, yourselves /jəˈsɛlvz/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง plain, nonsense, expose เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ