Shadowing Practice: Cambridge IELTS 15 Test 4 Reading Passage 2 - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Silbo Gomero, the Whistle, Language, of the Canary Islands La Gomera is one of the Canary Islands situated in the Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of Africa.
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This small volcanic island is mountainous, with steep rocky slopes and deep wooded ravines, rising to 1,487 meters at its highest peak.
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It is also home to the best known of the world's whistle languages, a means of transmitting information over long distances which is perfectly adapted to the extreme terrain of the island.
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This language, known as silbo or silbo gomero, from the Spanish word for whistle, is now shedding light on the language processing abilities of the human brain, according to scientists.
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Researchers say that silbo activates parts of the brain normally associated with spoken language, suggesting that the brain is remarkably flexible in its ability to interpret sounds as language.
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Science has developed the idea of brain areas that are dedicated to language, and we are starting to understand the scope of signals that can be recognized as language,
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says David Carina, co-author of a recent study and associate professor of psychology at the University of Washington in Seattle.
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Silbo is a substitute for Spanish, with individual words recoded into whistles which have high and low frequency tones.
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A whistler, or silbador, puts a finger in his or her mouth to increase the whistle's pitch, while the other hand can be cupped to adjust the direction of the sound.
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There is much more ambiguity in the whistled signal than in the spoken signal, explains lead researcher Manuel Carreras, psychology professor at the University of La Laguna on the Canary Island of Tenerife.
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Because whistled, words, can be hard to distinguish, silbadores rely on repetition, as well as awareness of context, to make themselves understood.
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The silbadores of Gamera are traditionally shepherds and other isolated mountain folk, and their novel means of staying in touch allows them to communicate over distances of up to 10 kilometers.
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Carreras explains that silbadores are able to pass a surprising amount of information via their whistles.
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In daily life, they use whistles to communicate short commands, but any Spanish sentence could be whistled.
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Silbo has proved particularly useful when fires have occurred on the island and rapid communication across large areas has been vital.
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The study team used neuroimaging equipment to contrast the brain activity of silbadores while listening to whistled and spoken Spanish.
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Results showed the left temporal lobe of the brain, which is usually associated with spoken language, was engaged during the processing of Silbo.
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The researchers found that other key regions in the brain's frontal lobe also responded to the whistles, including those activated in response to sign language among deaf people.
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When the experiments were repeated with non-whistlers, however, activation was observed in all areas of the brain.
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Our results provide more evidence about the flexibility of human capacity for language in a variety of forms, Carina says.
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These data suggest that left hemisphere language regions are uniquely adapted for communicative purposes, independent of the modality of signal.
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The non-Silbo speakers were not recognizing Silbo as a language.
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They had nothing to grab onto, so multiple areas of their brains were activated.
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Carreras says the origins of Silbo Gomero remain obscure, but that indigenous canaries islanders, who were of North African origin, already had a whistled language when Spain conquered the volcanic islands in the 15th century.
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Whistled languages survive today in Papua New Guinea, Mexico, Vietnam, Guyana, China, Nepal, Senegal, and a few mountainous pockets in Southern Europe.
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There are thought to be as many as 70 whistled languages still in use, though only 12 have been described and studied scientifically.
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This form of communication is an adaptation found among cultures where people are often isolated from each other, according to Julian Meyer, a researcher at the Institute of Human Sciences in Lyon, France.
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They are mostly used in mountains or dense forests, he says.
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Whistled languages are quite clearly defined and represent an original adaptation of the spoken language for the needs of isolated human groups.
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But with modern communication technology now widely available, researchers say whistled languages like Silbo are threatened with extinction.
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With dwindling numbers of Gomorran silbadores still left in the language, Canary's authorities are taking steps to try to ensure its survival.
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Since 1999, Silbo Gomero has been taught in all of the island's elementary schools.
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In addition, locals are seeking assistance from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO.
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The local authorities are trying to get an award from the organization to declare Silbo Gomero as something that should be preserved for humanity, Carreras adds.

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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları

Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 34 cümle ve 772 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 4:49 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 160 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin yalnızca %73’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.

Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler

Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:

KelimeTelaffuzAnlam
whistle isim/ˈwɪs(ə)l/düdük
researcher isim/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/araştırmacı, araştırıcı
associate isim/əˈsoʊʃi.ət/iştirakçi, ortak
activate fiil/ˈæktɪˌveɪt/etkinleştirmek
psychology isim/saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ruh bilimi
adapt fiil/əˈdæpt/uydurmak, adapte etmek
volcanic sıfat/vɔlˈkænɪk/volkanik
tone isim/ˈtəʊn/ton
finger isim/ˈfɪŋɡɚ/parmak
pocket isim/ˈpɑ.kɪt/cep, yancık
occur fiil/əˈkɜː/olmak
awareness isim/əˈwɛɹ.nəs/bilinç, bilinçlenme
experiment isim/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/deney (n), tecrübe
vital sıfat/ˈvaɪtəl/yaşamsal
survival isim/sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/hayatta kalma

Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar

  • “th” sesleri: northwest /nɔɹθˈwɛst/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/
  • “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, adaptation /ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/, contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, shepherd /ˈʃɛpəɹd/
  • Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, adaptation /ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/

Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır

  1. Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
  2. 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
  3. Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; whistle, researcher, associate gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.

Bu videodaki dil bilgisi

Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:

YapıVideoda
Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemliis perfectly adapted · can be recognized · can be cupped
Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylemhas developed · has proved · have been described
İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgidistances which is · whistles which have · brain, which is

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Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.

Shadowing tekniği: adım adım eksiksiz rehberi okuyun →