Shadowing Practice: Why humans need fiction, according to neuroscience - Learn English Speaking with Video
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1
The behavior comes out.
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And then there's this little narrator up there that turns it into a story that makes us feel coherent and unified.
3
Turns out it's a thing in the left hemisphere that does this and we called it the interpreter.
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Consciousness is not a linear flow of what's happening around us, but sort of a convenient narrative of what's happening around us, created for our viewing pleasure by the unconscious brain.
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It's a very powerful force in the human condition, and it's always trying to figure out and seek explanations for our behavior.
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In my early part of my career, I studied patients who had their two brains disconnected, working out the functions of each hemisphere.
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Test results show that speech is localized in only one half brain.
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Doctor Gazzaniga now reconstructs the test.
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We would put a question to the right non-speaking hemisphere, and it, in effect, would direct the left hand to do something.
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So the patient would do that. - And Joe sees two words simultaneously.
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Bell goes to his non-speaking right brain — Music to his speaking left brain.
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When asked to point to a picture of what he saw, he chooses Bell.
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And then we would simply say to the patient, well, why did you do that?
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We found out that in the left brain, there's a special system that seems to always want to explain actions and moods that we have after they occurred.
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Why do you pick that one?
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Music. - Music?
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There was music and bell.
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And it was a few minutes ago.
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The last time I heard any music was coming from the bells out here.
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Banging away.
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So the bells outside here.
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What's extraordinary is that Joe's speaking left brain concocts a plausible story of why he pointed to Bell, even when some of the other pictures more obviously represent music.
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We're learning and appreciating the ways in which we produce our perception, our cognition and our consciousness and all the rest of it.
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There's evidence that consciousness is not really what it seems to be.
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We feel our subjective experiences unfolding in the world around us in sort of this linear narrative in which B follows A, in which C follows B and D follows C, but in reality it seems that our conscious narrative might not be that linear.
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If you think of something like speech, you're probably not aware of my speech in a syllable-by-syllable, word-by-word manner.
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So, for example, the word mouse could mean a rodent, or it could be the mouse pad of a computer.
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Well if I say, "The mouse pad was beside the computer," in that case, the mouse can only be understood as a mouse pad.
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So it seems to be this chunking that happens, in which your unconscious mind reaches a point of analysis by sampling everything that's happening around it to deliver something a nice narrative of the world around us into our conscious mind.
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I think the human as a storytelling animal, as some people put it, is because the system is continually trying to keep the story coherent, even though these actions may be coming from processors going on outside of, initially, of conscious awareness.
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It's one of the reasons why people are different too, because people have different experiences, so they have different things they're trying to explain.
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So your experiences are different than my experiences and so your storyline, and we may start off with the same interpreter, but because all your experiences are different, your actual environmental experience, your temperament differences and all the rest of it, that's going to color everything in a little different way and this interpreter is going to make up a different story about it.
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Why does the human always seem to like fiction?
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Could it be that that prepares us for unexpected things that happen in our life?
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because we've already thought about them in our fantasy world, saw how those characters acted, and so then when we're confronted with it, we're writing it.
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We've sort of lived through that movie, as it were.
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So why do we like that stuff?
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Well, maybe that's a reason why we like it.
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And to think of all of those things, it seems to me, just to make it all richer, a richer experience.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu C1 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Why humans need fiction, according to neuroscience” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: brain, experience, bell, seem, mouse. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 39 cümle ve 728 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 4:46 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 153 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin %85’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var. 39 cümlenin 6 tanesi soru; soru tonlaması ve kısa cevaplar için iyi bir alıştırma.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 10 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| hemisphere isim | /ˈhɛmɪsfɪə/ | yarımküre |
| syllable isim | /ˈsɪl.ə.bəl/ | hece |
| unconscious sıfat | /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/ | bilinçsiz |
| cognition isim | /kɑɡˈnɪʃ.ən/ | biliş, sadınım |
| concoct fiil | /kənˈkɒkt/ | meczetmek |
| localize fiil | /ˈloʊkəlaɪz/ | yerelleştirmek, yerlileştirmek |
| chunk isim | /t͡ʃʌŋk/ | parça |
| subjective sıfat | /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ | öznel |
| confront fiil | /kənˈfɹʌnt/ | yüzleşmek, göğüs germek |
| narrator isim | /ˈnæˌɹeɪ.təɹ/ | anlatıcı |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| come out fiil | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | çıkmak |
| figure out fiil | açığa çıkarmak | |
| find out fiil | anlamak, ortaya çıkarmak |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı we're, we've, they're gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 7 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: unconscious /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/, cognition /kɑɡˈnɪʃ.ən/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: interpreter /ɪnˈtɝ.pɹɪ.tɚ/, temperament /ˈtɛm.pɚ.ə.mənt/, continually /kənˈtɪnjuəli/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: plausible /ˈplɑ.zɪ.bəl/, processor /ˈpɹɑˌsɛsɚ/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; hemisphere, syllable, unconscious gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.