Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND MATURATION
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Growth, Development, and Maturation 1 Meaning of Growth Introduction Every human being changes from birth to old age.
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A small baby gradually becomes a child, then an adolescent, an adult, and finally an old person.
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During this process, many changes take place in the body and personality of an individual.
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Some changes can be seen clearly, such as an increase in height and weight.
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These physical changes are known as growth .
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Growth is one of the important aspects of human life.
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It mainly refers to an increase in the physical size of the body and its organs.
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Growth can be measured with the help of different units such as centimeters, kilograms, etc. Meaning of growth.
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The word growth means an increase in the size, height, weight, and physical structure of an individual.
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For example, when a child's height increases from 100 centimeters to 120 centimeters, it is called growth.
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Similarly, an increase in body weight, size of the brain, muscles and other body organs also comes under growth.
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Growth mainly brings quantitative changes.
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Quantitative changes are those changes that can be counted or measured.
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Examples of growth.
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Increase in height, increase in weight, increase in the size of body organs, growth of bones and muscles, increase in the size of the brain, increase in physical strength.
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Thus, growth is mainly related to the physical changes
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that take place in an individual in simple words growth means becoming bigger in size
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and body structure for example a newborn baby is very small
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but after a few years the child becomes taller
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and heavier this increase in physical size is called growth characteristics
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of growth one growth is quantitative growth mainly involves changes
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that can be measured for example height can be measured in
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centimeters weight can be measured in kilograms size of different body
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parts can also be measured therefore growth is called a quantitative
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change two growth is physical in nature growth mainly relates to
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the physical body of an individual it includes changes in height
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weight bones muscles internal organs therefore growth is mainly concerned with the physical aspect of a person 3.
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Growth can be measured.
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One important characteristic of growth is that it can be measured easily.
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For example, physical change, measurement, height, centimeters, weight, kilograms, head circumference,
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centimeters, body size, different measurements, thus, teachers, parents, and doctors can observe the physical growth of a child through measurement.
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4. Growth is a continuous process.
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Growth begins from birth and continues for a long period of life.
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However, the speed of growth is not the same at every stage.
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For example, growth is very fast during infancy.
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It becomes slower during childhood.
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It becomes rapid again during adolescence.
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Therefore, growth takes place continuously, but its rate may differ at different stages of life.
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5. Growth has a definite pattern.
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Growth generally follows a particular pattern.
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For example, a child first gains control over the head and neck and later learns to control other parts of the body.
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Similarly, physical development generally moves from simple to complex patterns.
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Thus, growth does not happen randomly, but follows a particular sequence.
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6. Growth is influenced by many factors.
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The growth of a child is affected by different factors such as heredity,
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nutrition, environment, health, exercise, family conditions, hormones.
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A healthy and nutritious environment helps a child to grow properly.
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Examples of growth in daily life.
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Some simple examples of growth are a child's height increases every year.
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The body weight of a child increases.
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Bones become longer and stronger.
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Muscles develop with age.
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The size of body organs increases.
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These examples show that growth mainly refers to physical increase.
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Elizabeth B.
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Herlock.
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Growth is defined as a change in size, in proportion, disappearance of old features, and acquisition of new ones.
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Conclusion.
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In conclusion, growth means an increase in the physical size and structure of an individual.
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It is mainly quantitative and can be measured.
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Growth is an important part of human life
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and takes place according to a particular pattern proper nutrition health
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and environment play an important role in the healthy growth of
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a child easy line to remember growth means increase in the physical size height
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and weight of an individual to meaning of development the gask
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art introduction human life is not limited only to physical growth along with the increase in height
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and weight many other changes also take place in a person
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a child learns to speak think understand solve problems control emotions and interact with others.
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These overall changes are known as development, VIGAS.
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Development is a broader concept than growth.
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Growth mainly refers to physical changes, while development includes changes in the physical, mental, emotional, social, and moral aspects of an individual.
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Meaning of Development Development means the progressive and continuous changes that take place in an individual throughout life.
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These changes help the individual to become more capable, skilled, and mature.
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Development includes changes in physical abilities, mental abilities, intellectual abilities, emotional behavior,
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social behavior, moral values, language abilities.
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Therefore, development refers to the overall growth and progress of an individual.
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Development in simple words.
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In simple language, development means the gradual improvement and overall change in an individual's personality and abilities.
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For example, when a child learns to walk, speak, read, think logically, control emotions.
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Make friends.
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Take decisions.
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These changes are part of development.
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Definitions of development.
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Development can be understood as, development is a continuous process of changes through which an individual becomes more capable and mature.
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Another simple meaning is, development is the overall progress of an individual from birth to old age.
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Areas of development.
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Development takes place in different areas of life.
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One, physical development.
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Physical development refers to changes in the body and physical abilities.
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Examples.
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Increase in height and weight.
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Development of muscles.
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Improvement in motor skills.
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Development of physical strength.
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Two.
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Mental or intellectual development.
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Mental development refers to the development of thinking and understanding abilities.
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Examples.
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Learning new things.
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Improving memory.
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Solving problems.
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Thinking logically.
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Making decisions.
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As a child grows, their ability to understand complex things gradually improves.
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Three, emotional development.
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Emotional development refers to the ability of a person to understand and control emotions.
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Examples, controlling anger, understanding feelings, expressing emotions properly, developing confidence, learning patience.
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A mature person is generally able to manage emotions better than a young child.
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Four, social development.
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Social development refers to the ability to interact
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and adjust with other people examples making friends working in groups
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cooperating with others respecting others following social rules social development helps
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an individual become an active member of society five moral development moral development refers to the development of values
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and understanding of right and wrong Examples.
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Honesty.
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Responsibility.
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Respect.
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Truthfulness.
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Justice.
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Moral development helps an individual develop good character.
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Six.
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Language development.
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Language development refers to the ability to understand and use language.
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Examples.
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Learning to speak.
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Learning new words.
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Reading.
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Writing.
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Expressing thoughts.
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Language development is very important for communication
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and learning characteristics of development one development is a continuous process development begins from birth
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and continues throughout life a person continuously learns
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and develops new abilities for example a baby learns to sit
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then learns to stand then learns to walk later the child learns to speak read
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and write therefore development is a continuous process 2.
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Development is both quantitative and qualitative.
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Development includes both measurable and non -measurable changes.
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Quantitative changes include increase in height, increase in weight.
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Qualitative changes include improvement in thinking, better emotional control, development of social skills.
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Therefore, development is broader than growth.
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3. Development takes place in different areas.
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Development does not occur in only one area.
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It includes physical development, mental development, emotional development, social development, moral development.
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All these aspects together contribute to the overall development of an individual.
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Four, development follows a pattern.
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Development generally follows a particular sequence.
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For example, a child usually learns, sit right pointing arrow, stand right pointing arrow, walk right pointing arrow, run.
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Similarly, language development also follows a sequence.
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Thus, development takes place in an organized pattern.
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5. Development is influenced by heredity and environment.
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Both heredity and environment influence development.
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Heredity includes physical characteristics received from parents, natural abilities, biological factors.
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Environment includes family, school, society, education, nutrition.
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Therefore, both heredity and environment play an important role in development.
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6. Development is individual.
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Every child develops at a different speed.
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For example, some children learn to speak earlier, some children learn to walk earlier, some students learn quickly, while others need more time.
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Therefore, development differs from person to person.
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Importance of development.
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Development is important because it helps an individual.
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Become physically capable.
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Improve thinking ability.
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Control emotions.
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Develop social relationships.
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Become responsible.
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Adjust to society.
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Develop a complete personality.
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For teachers, understanding child development is very important because every child learns and develops differently.
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Conclusion Development is the overall and continuous process of change in an individual.
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It includes physical, mental, emotional, social, and moral changes.
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Development begins from birth and continues throughout life.
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It helps an individual become more capable, skilled, and mature.
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Easy line to remember Development means overall progressive changes in the physical, mental, emotional, and social life of an individual.
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3. Meaning of maturation Introduction Some abilities develop naturally as a child grows.
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For example, a newborn baby cannot walk or run immediately.
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Even if we try to teach the baby, the baby will not be able to walk until the muscles, bones, and nervous system are sufficiently developed.
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When the body and mind become naturally ready to perform a particular function, this process is known as maturation, paripakvata.
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Maturation mainly depends on biological growth and heredity.
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Meaning of maturation.
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Maturation means the natural process through which an individual becomes physically and mentally ready to perform certain activities.
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It is mainly related to biological readiness, natural growth, heredity, development of body systems, in simple words.
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Maturation means becoming naturally ready to perform a particular activity.
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Examples of maturation.
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Some common examples are, 1.
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Learning to walk.
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A baby cannot walk immediately after birth.
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The baby's bones, muscles, and nervous system need time to develop.
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When the body becomes ready, the child gradually starts walking.
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This natural readiness is called maturation.
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2. Puberty.
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During adolescence, various physical and psychological changes take place naturally.
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These changes occur because the body reaches a particular stage of biological maturity.
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This is also an example of maturation.
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Three, learning certain skills.
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Some activities require a certain level of physical and mental readiness.
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For example, a very young child may not be ready to perform complex tasks because the necessary abilities have not yet matured.
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Therefore, learning becomes more effective
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when the child has achieved the required level of maturation definitions
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of maturation maturation can be understood as maturation is the natural process of growth through
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which an individual becomes ready to perform certain functions in simple
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words maturation is natural biological readiness characteristics of maturation one maturation
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is a natural process maturation takes place naturally according to the biological growth of an individual.
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It does not completely depend on teaching or training.
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For example, a child naturally develops the ability to walk when the body becomes ready.
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2. Maturation is mainly controlled by heredity.
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Heredity plays an important role in maturation.
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The natural pattern and timing of many biological changes are influenced by genetic factors.
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Therefore, maturation is closely connected with heredity.
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3. Maturation brings readiness.
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The main purpose of maturation is to make an individual ready
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for certain activities for example readiness to walk readiness to speak physical maturity emotional maturity thus maturation creates the capacity
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or readiness for development and learning for maturation follows a natural sequence maturation generally follows a natural
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and biological sequence for example a child usually develops control over
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basic movements before performing complex physical activities therefore maturation takes place
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according to a natural order five maturation is related to biological
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development maturation mainly depends on the development of brain nervous system muscles bones hormones other body systems
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when these systems become sufficiently developed the individual becomes ready to
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perform new functions six training cannot completely replace maturation teaching
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and practice are important
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but they cannot completely replace biological readiness for example trying to
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teach a baby to run before the body is ready will not be successful therefore learning is most effective
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when maturation and readiness are present.
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Importance of maturation in education.
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Maturation is very important for teachers and education.
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A teacher should understand that every child may not be ready to learn the same thing at the same age.
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For example, some children may need more time to develop certain skills.
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Learning should be according to the child's age and readiness.
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Teachers should not put unnecessary pressure on children.
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Educational activities should be suitable for the developmental level of students.
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Understanding maturation helps teachers provide age -appropriate education.
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Relationship between maturation and learning Maturation and learning are closely connected.
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Maturation provides readiness, while learning provides experience and practice.
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For example, a child's body may become mature enough to hold a pencil, but the child still needs practice to learn writing.
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Therefore, maturation makes learning possible, and learning improves skills through practice.
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Conclusion Maturation is the natural process through which an individual becomes physically and mentally ready to perform certain activities.
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It mainly depends on biological growth and heredity.
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Maturation provides the necessary readiness for learning and development.
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Easy line to remember.
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Maturation means the natural biological process through which an individual becomes ready to perform certain activities.
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Quick revision.
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Growth, development, and maturation.
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Growth, vridhi.
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Right arrow increase in physical size example increase in height and
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Video này có 243 câu và 2262 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 16:31. Người nói giữ tốc độ đều, khoảng 137 từ mỗi phút, vừa sức để nói đuổi theo. 83% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ ít gặp trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
- muscle /ˈmʌs.əl/ (danh từ) — cơ, bắp thịt. A contractile form of tissue which animals use to effect movement.
- quantitative /ˈkwɑn.təˌteɪ.tɪv/ (tính từ) — lượng, số lượng. Of a measurements and data types: based on some quantity or number rather than on some quality.
- bone /boʊn/ (danh từ) — chất xương, xương. A composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates.
- continuous /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/ (tính từ) — liên tục, không ngừng. Without stopping; without a break, cessation, or interruption.
- emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ (danh từ) — cảm xúc. A person's internal state of being and involuntary physiological response to an object or a situation, based on or tied to physical state and sensory data.
- sequence /ˈsiː.kwəns/ (danh từ) — dãy. A set of things next to each other in a set order; a series.
- organ /ˈɔːɡən/ (danh từ) — cơ quan. The larger part of an organism, composed of tissues that perform similar functions.
- characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ (danh từ) — đặc điểm. A distinguishing feature of a person or thing, a part of mental or physical behavior.
- conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/ (danh từ) — kết thúc. The end, finish, close or last part of something.
- depend /dɪˈpɛnd/ (động từ) — phụ thuộc. To be contingent or conditioned; to have something as a necessary condition
- arrow /ˈæɹəʊ/ (danh từ) — mũi tên, tên. A projectile consisting of a shaft, a point and a tail with stabilizing fins that is shot from a bow.
- gradually /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/ (trạng từ) — dần dần. In a gradual manner; making slow progress; slowly.
- nutrition /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/ (danh từ) — sự dinh dưỡng, dinh dưỡng. The organic process by which an organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and maintenance.
- occur /əˈkɜː/ (động từ) — xảy ra. To happen or take place.
- solve /sɒlv/ (động từ) — giải quyết. To find an answer or solution to a problem or question; to work out.
Phát âm cần chú ý
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, nutrition /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/, sufficiently /səˈfɪʃəntli/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, quantitative /ˈkwɑn.təˌteɪ.tɪv/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, continuous /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
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- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như muscle, quantitative, bone.
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | can be seen · are known · can be measured |
| Khả năng với “might / may” might/may + động từ — điều có thể xảy ra nhưng không chắc | may differ · may not be · may need |
| Lời khuyên với “should” should + động từ — nói điều nên làm | should understand · should be · should not put |
| So sánh hơn -er than / more … than — so sánh hai đối tượng | better than · broader than |
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.