Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: IKIGAI | A Japanese Philosophy for Finding Purpose
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113 câu
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Have you ever asked yourself this question: what is my purpose?
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With so many opportunities that life has to offer, and all these different jobs and careers, it’s quite difficult to decide what we want to do with our lives.
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Society demands us to make decisions at a very young age, about what path we’re going to take.
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Most of the time, children have no clue about what life’s like in adulthood, and what they want to do when they’re grown-up.
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In fact, many adults don’t even have a clue.
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Now, the Japanese invented a philosophy named Ikigai, which stands for ‘reason for being’, Ikigai can help us to determine what it is, that we want to wake up for in the morning.
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You know, that very thing that we can pour our heart and soul into.
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When we’re totally immersed in our activities, so much so that nothing else matters, we’re in a state of flow.
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Ikigai helps us to identify the necessary ingredients to get into this flow state and make our pursuit sustainable, and useful for the world.
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Many people work in these jobs they hate.
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When we do this, the misery that we associate with these activities often creeps up on us on Sunday evenings, when we start to think about this dreadful Monday morning, on which we have to drag ourselves out of bed, knowing that we’ll spend the next week in hell.
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When we arrive, we still experience this nostalgia for the weekend, and as soon as we begin with our tasks, we count down to the first break and then the next and then the next, until we can finally go home again, and repeat the process.
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Now, this isn’t a very enjoyable way to live.
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Think about it.
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Doing something we hate, is a disservice to ourselves, and also to our surroundings.
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Especially when we see other colleagues that actually enjoy what they’re doing.
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And on top that, they’re doing a great job.
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Again, many people get miserable because of their jobs, which in turn can lead to serious health problems, like depression.
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Some even go as far as killing themselves, because they cannot cope with the feelings of uselessness, hopelessness and this nagging idea that they’re failures in life.
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But we have a certain degree of control over our circumstances.
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We can try to change our position towards the situation, and make our current job more enjoyable.
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Or we can reassess our own nature and the nature of our surroundings and likely come to the conclusion that it’s better to find something different to do.
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Thus, the change we need to make is twofold: on the one hand we need to change our mindset.
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On the other hand, we need to change our circumstances.
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Because when we do the right things with the right mindset, we’re able to enter a state of flow.
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Ikigai helps to identify what’s the right thing to do for a certain individual, so this person is able to get out of bed in the morning with a sense of purpose and, therefore, is able to work with almost no effort.
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Now, Ikigai consists of four dimensions.
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Firstly, we need to pick something that we’re good at.
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Secondly, it must be a thing that we love to do.
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Thirdly, the world should need it.
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And lastly, we have to get paid.
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Let’s talk about each dimension separately.
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(1) Doing what we’re good at.
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Everyone has a different skill set.
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Some things are based on nurture, and some things are based on nature.
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For a great part, we can learn skills.
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But we also have inborn characteristics that make different people suitable for different things.
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For example, we see differences in IQ, motor skills, empathy, physical strength, et cetera.
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Oftentimes, people focus on improving the things they’re bad at.
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They spend their whole lives repairing themselves while rejecting the things they’re naturally good at.
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So, we might want to focus on the latter, and improve those skills so we become masters at it.
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Because why put so much energy into becoming mediocre at best when we have the opportunity to become great?
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Not to mention how the world benefits from us manifesting our true potential.
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However, according to the Ikigai philosophy, this should be something that the world needs, which I’ll address in a minute.
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(2) Doing what we love to do.
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This is very obvious, but it’s also a tricky one.
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While a level of skill can be measured, this dimension is kind of subjective and a bit complicated.
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For example, you might love to be a fulltime YouTube content creator.
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But there might be some aspects of the process that you don’t like at all.
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You might love editing videos, writing scripts, but hate filming.
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In this case, filming becomes a bottleneck.
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Now, we can try to make filming more enjoyable.
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Perhaps, we can change our workflow or go to different locations, so we can still be immersed in this task and experience a flow-state.
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Mindset is key, here.
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And with the right focus, we’re able to effortlessly do the tasks that are necessary but that we don’t like that much.
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Of course, outsourcing is an option as well.
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But when our activities as a whole make us dreadful, and we don’t see any way to develop a certain enjoyment while doing them, it might be a better idea to find something else to do.
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Perhaps we’re just not interested in this field, or our skills are lacking which frustrates us.
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At the end of the day, there’s no accounting for taste.
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So, it’s probably much easier to just listen to our guts, and let intuition decide where to go.
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(3) Doing what the world needs.
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It’s all great when we’ve determined what we’re good at and what we love to do.
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But that isn’t enough to call it Ikigai.
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Because our activities should, in one way or another, benefit the world.
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If they don’t, it’s simply a passion.
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Luckily, the needs of the world come in many different flavors.
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Jobs that are looked down upon by some people are often highly important.
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Someone has the pick up the trash, someone has to fix our sink, and we wouldn’t be able to thrive as a society without people cleaning up the mess.
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If we find enjoyment in these kind of jobs, that’s absolutely terrific.
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To discover what the world needs, we can simply do some market research, to find out the current demands.
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Or can we look at the world from a wider perspective, asking ourselves how we, with our skill sets, can make it a better place?
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(4) Doing what generates money.
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Some argue that money isn’t important, or shouldn’t be a factor.
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But when we look at reality, we see that money makes the world go round.
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And without money, we can’t pay the bills.
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So, to make our efforts sustainable, and truly a ‘reason for being’, they must generate income.
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If not, our activities become more of a hobby.
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There’s nothing wrong with a hobby of course.
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However, this also means that we need a job we might not like to pay the bills, and, therefore, sacrifice the majority of our time and energy for something we’re not passionate about, and don’t see as our life’s mission.
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So, we could see money as a form of energy, that fuels us in our pursuits.
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Now we’ve addressed the four dimensions of Ikigai, it’s essential to explore how these dimensions relate to each other, and how a combination of them form an Ikigai.
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When we do what we love, and what we’re good at, we have a passion.
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But this passion isn’t sufficient to be an Ikigai.
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Because it could very well be something that the world doesn’t need, or is even destructive to our environment.
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Also, it may not generate money or even cost us money.
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Yet, being passionate about something is part of an Ikigai.
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Doing what we love, and what the world needs, we call a mission.
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But a mission alone isn’t an Ikigai.
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Because we might not be good at it, and not earning a dime doing it.
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Yet, seeing our activities as a mission is an ingredient for a reason for being.
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When we do something that the world needs, and what we get paid for, we’ve found a vocation.
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But does that mean that we like what we do and that we’re good at it?
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Not necessarily.
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And that’s why a vocation may be something that the world demands, and that we do out of a sense of duty, but we may absolutely hate doing it.
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So, a vocation alone isn’t an Ikigai.
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Lastly, doing what we’re good at and what we’re paid for, is called a profession.
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Does that mean that the world needs it and that we love what we do?
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Again, not necessarily.
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Some people hate their profession.
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And some professions are even destructive to the world.
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So, a profession alone isn’t an Ikigai.
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What makes an Ikigai, is the combination of all four dimensions.
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This means that a ‘reason for being’ includes a passion, a mission, a vocation, and a profession.
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These are all the ingredients that facilitate us to engage in a worthwhile pursuit that we love to get up for in the morning.
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And when we love what we do, it’s so easy to immerse ourselves in it and get in a state of flow.
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The secret lies in aligning our own nature with the nature of our environment, to establish an optimal interplay between ourselves and our surroundings so that our pursuit becomes effortless.
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The Taoists call this Wu-Wei, which can be translated as ‘effortless action’.
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It’s essential to remember that what we’re looking for is not set in stone.
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Many factors play a role in deciding what our Ikigai is.
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In a constantly changing world, remaining in that flow state means that we continually need to adapt and finetune our position within the whole.
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Ikigai, therefore, isn’t static.
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It’s an active entity, that changes with the flow of time.
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Thank you for watching.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: Ikigai, skill, flow. Video này có 113 câu và 1691 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 10:11. Người nói nói với tốc độ tự nhiên, khoảng 166 từ mỗi phút, gần với hội thoại hằng ngày. 85% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ khó nhất trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| immerse động từ | /ɪˈmɜɹs/ | nhúng |
| ingredient danh từ | /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/ | thành phần |
| mindset danh từ | /ˈmaɪn(d)ˌsɛt/ | tư duy, tư tưởng |
| enjoyable tính từ | /ɛnˈd͡ʒɔɪ.ə.bl̩/ | thú vị |
| circumstance danh từ | /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/ | hoàn cảnh |
| destructive tính từ | /dɪˈstɹʌktɪv/ | phá hoại, huỷ diệt |
| hobby danh từ | /ˈhɑ.bi/ | sở thích riêng, sở thích |
| passionate tính từ | /ˈpæʃənɪt/ | đam mê, dể giận |
| hopelessness danh từ | sự tuyệt vọng | |
| outsourcing danh từ | /ˈaʊtˌsɔː(ɹ).sɪŋ/ | thuê ngoài |
| intuition danh từ | /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/ | trực giác |
| invent động từ | /ɪnˈvɛnt/ | phát minh |
| nostalgia danh từ | /nɑˈstæld͡ʒə/ | hoài niệm, nuối tiếc |
| manifest danh từ | /ˈmæn.ɪ.fɛst/ | tuyên ngôn |
| empathy danh từ | /ˈɛmpəθi/ | thấu cảm |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| clean up động từ | quét dọn, quét tước |
| pick up động từ | nhặt, lượm |
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | are based · can be measured · be immersed |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | Have you ever asked · we've determined · we've addressed |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 44 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ we're, isn't, don't. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: thirdly /ˈθɚdli/, empathy /ˈɛmpəθi/, thrive /θɹajv/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: dimension /daɪˈmɛn.ʃən/, vocation /vəʊˈkeɪʃən/, passionate /ˈpæʃənɪt/, intuition /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, effortlessly /ˈɛf.ɚt.ləs.li/, mediocre /ˌmidiˈoʊkəɹ/, intuition /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/, continually /kənˈtɪnjuəli/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: immerse /ɪˈmɜɹs/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, surroundings /səˈɹaʊndɪŋz/, circumstance /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/, enjoyment /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔɪ.mənt/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: enjoyable /ɛnˈd͡ʒɔɪ.ə.bl̩/, enjoyment /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔɪ.mənt/, nurture /ˈnɜːɹ.t͡ʃəɹ/, nostalgia /nɑˈstæld͡ʒə/, subjective /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: circumstance /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/, lastly /ˈlæstli/, passionate /ˈpæʃənɪt/, nostalgia /nɑˈstæld͡ʒə/, manifest /ˈmæn.ɪ.fɛst/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như immerse, ingredient, mindset.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.