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It's time for spelling analysis and this is spelling analysis for Foundations D.
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Now you can either use the page from your Foundations D workbook for spelling analysis to write your words.
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A great option is to have the whole workbook.
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Then you have every page you need or you can print off this page
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if you have the paid course
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or the other way you could do this is you could use a whiteboard
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if you're using the logic of english whiteboard you could write the words here
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or you could write them on the back
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and be able to write all eight of them on the back side
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so to get started you will either need that page
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or a whiteboard or you could just use a piece of paper
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so here's what we're going to do go ahead and set down your pencils or your markers.
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At first, I need you just to listen, and then we're going to be segmenting words out loud, and then you'll be writing,
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and then you'll segment them for me, and I will write them.
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We'll get the rhythm down really fast.
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All right, these words in foundations D are more advanced than they were in foundations A, B, or C.
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You know all of the phonograms now
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and you know many of the spelling rules
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so we will be applying all of the phonograms
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and rules you've learned to be able to spell and read
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and understand even more words
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so our first word is mother my mother is reading a book mother go ahead
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and say mother mother now how many syllables in mother.
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Remember, we've learned that we can hum the words to count the syllables.
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Hmm.
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Hmm.
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There are two hums.
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So that means there are two syllables.
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Hmm.
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Hmm.
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Two, two syllables.
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All right.
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Now, do you hear a vowel that might be saying it's lazy sound or it's schwa sound or sounding like a mother.
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I do too.
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So when we segment words, I'm going to say something called say to spell.
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When I say that, I'm going to give you the syllable breaks and I'm going to pronounce Schwad bowels very carefully.
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So that's your cue.
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Say to spell is your cue.
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Listen carefully.
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All right.
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We will say to spell moth -er.
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Now, what will we say to spell?
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Repeat after me moth -er.
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Do you got it?
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One more time.
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What will we say to spell moth -er?
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Now let's segment each syllable.
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The first syllable is moth.
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Let's sound it out.
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M -O -V.
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The second syllable is er.
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Er.
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Use the er of her.
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Go ahead and write moth -er.
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And as you write it, leave a space between the syllables.
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We will use that to see spelling rules.
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So go ahead and do that.
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And as you write it, sound it out.
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Sound it out very loud so I can hear you if I was in the same room as you.
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Good.
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You're sounding it out.
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Excellent.
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Now, I want you to say out loud the syllables with me and to sound it out with me.
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Why?
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Because as you sound it out, it's going to help you learn and master these words and to understand the reason for the spelling.
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The great thing about logic of English is you'll understand why you're not just memorizing bedrock alright
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so the first syllable is moth mmm ah mmm the second syllable is er er how will we mark
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this well you're right we'll underline the v
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and what sound of mmm do we hear mother the second one you're right and we'll underline the er
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Now, do you see that O is saying it's lazy sound?
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Why is that?
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That's right.
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O may say uh next to a W, T -H, M, N, or V.
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And here it is next to an M and a T -H.
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So as we learned, the monks, when they were transcribing, sometimes they wrote the O as an uh,
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the uh sound as an O to keep all those straight lines from being next together
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so we will say to spell mother and
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that will help our ears have a way to remember it it's just another way to remember the spelling
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so m -a -v -r
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and we say mother excellent the next word is penguin the penguin is black
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and white penguin go ahead
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and say penguin how many syllables in penguin hmm two
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we will say to spell pen -guin what will we say
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to spell pen -guin the first syllable is pen let's sound it out
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The second syllable is Gwyn.
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Gwa.
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Do you see that?
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Gwa, I, N.
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Go ahead and write Pen -Gwyn.
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And remember, I held up two fingers because Gwa is spelled with two letters.
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Pen -Gwyn.
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Good job sounding it out as you're writing it.
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Now help me to write it.
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The first syllable is pen.
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P -e -n.
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The second syllable is guin.
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Gu -i -n.
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How will we mark this?
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You're right we'll underline the guh
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and what sound of guh guh is this it's the second
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so we'll put a two over it let's sound it out
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penguin the next word is opposite the opposite of dark is
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light opposite how many syllables in opposite hmm hmm hmm three
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that's right we will say to spell op po sit what
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will we say to spell op po sit all right the
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first level is op ah the second syllable is po oh the third syllable is sit it go ahead
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and write op po sit sound it out as you write it that way you'll get every phonogram good job.
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That's right.
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All right, now help me write it.
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The first syllable is op, ah, p.
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The second syllable is po, p, o.
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The third syllable is sit, s, i, t.
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You know what?
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I forgot to tell you something.
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You need a silent final e.
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Can you add a silent final e to yours?
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All right, let's go ahead and talk about this word.
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So we will put a line over the o, y.
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A, e, o, u usually say their long sounds at the end of the syllable.
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And then we have this silent final e and we'll double underline it
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because we double underline the silent final e to show that it's silent.
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But why is it there?
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Why is it in the word opposite?
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That's right.
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This is an unseen reason.
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Once again, there are nine reasons for a silent final E
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and every now and then there's words that we just don't know why it's there.
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It just is.
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There aren't that many, but this is one example.
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Let's go ahead and read this.
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Op -p -o -s -i -t.
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Opposite.
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The next word is wear.
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Where is my coat?
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Wear.
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Go ahead and say wear.
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Let's sound it out.
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W -E -R, silent final E.
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That's right, I remembered it this time.
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Go ahead and write where.
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Good, now help me to write it.
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W -E -R, silent final E.
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How will we mark it?
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Well, underline the W, and why do we have a silent final E in where?
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You're right.
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Once again, this is an unseen reason.
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And one of the reasons there's two of them here is
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we want you to learn these words by me teaching them to you.
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Many of the words where there's silent final E's, you'll already know why they're there.
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So we'll teach some of these trickier words explicitly to help you.
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Let's go ahead and read it.
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W -E -R. Where.
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Excellent.
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The next word is how.
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How do you know how to spell words?
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You break them up into phonograms, right?
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Let's go ahead and say the word how.
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How.
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Let's sound it out.
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H -ow.
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This is an ow -o.
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Got it?
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Go ahead and write it.
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Sound it out nice and loud as you do. That was a relief.
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It was a short one.
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Let's write it together.
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Ow.
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And how will we mark it?
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That's right.
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Well, underline the ow.
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What sound of ow -o?
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The first one.
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Let's read it.
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Ow.
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How.
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The next word is polar.
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The polar bears live up in the Arctic.
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Go ahead and say polar.
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How many syllables in polar?
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Two.
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We will say to spell polar.
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What will we say to spell? po lar you got
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it let's sound it out first little is po oh second syllable is lar all are go ahead
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and write po lar good job sounding it out now help me to write it.
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First syllable is po, p, o.
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Second syllable is lar, l, r.
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How will we mark it?
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We'll put a line over the o.
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Why did the o say it's long sounds?
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A, E, O, U usually say they're long sounds at the end of the syllable.
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And we'll underline the r.
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Now, did you notice
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when you say polar it doesn't sound like polar well are this phonogram also has a schwa sound
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and that sound is er so when it's in an unstressed syllable
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that may say er let's read it oh are polar
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very good the next word is morning good morning everyone go ahead and say morning
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How many syllables in morning?
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Two.
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We will say to spell morning.
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Ready?
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Morning.
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Very good.
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The first syllable is more.
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The second syllable is ning.
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Got it?
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Go ahead and write morning.
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Very, very good.
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Alright, help me to write it.
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The first syllable is more.
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M, or.
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The second syllable is ning.
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N, i, n.
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How will we mark it?
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We'll underline the or.
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And we'll underline the n.
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Let's read it.
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M, or, n, i, n.
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Morning.
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Outstanding.
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The last word is different.
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I have a different idea for us to think about.
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Different.
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Go ahead and say different.
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How many syllables in different?
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Hmm, hmm, hmm.
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That's right, three.
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We will say to spell diff -fer -ent.
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What will we say to spell?
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Diff -fer -ent.
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First syllable is diff, d -i -f.
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Second syllable is fur, ff, er.
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Use the er of her.
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Third syllable is ent.
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E, n, t.
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Go ahead and write diff, fur, ent.
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Very good.
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Now help me to write it.
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The first syllable is diff, d, i, ff.
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The second syllable is fur, ff, er.
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The third syllable is ent.
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E -N -T.
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And how will we mark it?
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You're right.
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We'll underline the er.
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Let's read this together.
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D -I -F -F -R -E -N -T.
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Different.
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Wow.
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Look at these words that you can read and that you can spell now.
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Isn't it neat how all the phonograms and rules start to come together?
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Combining the science of reading with the joy of learning.
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Learn more at foundations .logicofenglish .com
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “L121 Foundations Spelling Analysis”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: syllable, sound, word, write, ahead. Video này có 252 câu và 1826 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 14:06. Người nói giữ tốc độ đều, khoảng 129 từ mỗi phút, vừa sức để nói đuổi theo. Chỉ 77% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng khá khó.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| spell danh từ | /spɛl/ | thần chú |
| silent tính từ | /ˈsaɪ̯lənt/ | yên lặng |
| penguin danh từ | /ˈpɛŋ.ɡwɪn/ | chim cánh cụt, chim cụt cánh |
| lazy tính từ | /ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/ | lười biếng, lười |
| finger danh từ | /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/ | ngón tay |
| ear danh từ | /ˈɪə̯/ | tai |
| coat danh từ | /ˈkoʊ̯t/ | áo bành tô, áo khoác |
| rhythm danh từ | /ˈɹɪð.əm/ | nhịp điệu |
| pencil danh từ | /ˈpɛnsəl/ | bút chì, viết chì |
| monk danh từ | /mʌŋk/ | tu sĩ, thầy tu |
| bowel danh từ | /ˈbaʊ.əl/ | ruột già, đại tràng |
| syllable danh từ | /ˈsɪl.ə.bəl/ | âm tiết |
| underline động từ | /ˈʌndɚˌlaɪn/ | gạch chân, gạch dưới |
| moth danh từ | /mɔθ/ | ngài, bướm đêm |
| whiteboard danh từ | /ˈwaɪtbɔɹd/ | bảng trắng |
Những câu đáng luyện lại
Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:
- What will we say to spell moth -er?
- How will we mark this?
- Can you add a silent final e to yours?
- How will we mark it?
- How do you know how to spell words?
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | you've learned · we've learned |
| Khả năng với “might / may” might/may + động từ — điều có thể xảy ra nhưng không chắc | might be · may say |
| Tương lai với “will” will + động từ — quyết định, lời hứa hoặc dự đoán | will either · you'll be · you'll segment |
| Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn am/is/are + -ing — việc đang diễn ra lúc nói hoặc quanh thời điểm này | is spelling · you're using · is reading |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 39 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ we'll, you're, you'll. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: rhythm /ˈɹɪð.əm/, moth /mɔθ/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: silent /ˈsaɪ̯lənt/, segment /ˈsɛɡmɛnt/, monk /mʌŋk/, pronounce /pɹəˈnaʊns/, whiteboard /ˈwaɪtbɔɹd/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: phonogram /ˈfɑ.nəˌɡɹæm/, transcribe /trænˈskɹaɪb/
- Phụ âm cuối — bật rõ âm cuối của từ: silent /ˈsaɪ̯lənt/, segment /ˈsɛɡmɛnt/, coat /ˈkoʊ̯t/, monk /mʌŋk/, pronounce /pɹəˈnaʊns/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Nói đuổi từng câu ở tốc độ bình thường, lặp lại mỗi câu đến khi nhịp của bạn khớp với người nói.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như spell, silent, penguin.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.