Bài 53 · Chặng 4: Thì & động từ khuyết thiếu
“Was going to”
Trung cấpCông thức & cách dùng
was/were going to + động từ — dự định trong quá khứ, thường là không thành
1.Cấu trúc
Was / were going to + động từ nguyên mẫu là going to được đưa về quá khứ: điều mình đã định làm hoặc đã nghĩ sẽ xảy ra vào lúc đó.
| I / he / she / it | you / we / they | |
|---|---|---|
| Khẳng định | I was going to call. | We were going to call. |
| Phủ định | She wasn't going to say anything. | They weren't going to come. |
| Câu hỏi | Was he going to stay? | Were you going to tell me? |
| Trả lời ngắn | Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't. | Yes, we were. / No, they weren't. |
Khi nói nhanh, going to thường nghe như gonna: I was gonna call you. Nghe hiểu là được, nhưng khi viết (bài thi, email công việc) hãy viết đầy đủ going to.
2.Khi nào dùng
1. Dự định trong quá khứ nhưng không thành — rất hay đi với but
I was going to cook tonight, but I got home too late.
Tối nay tôi định nấu ăn, nhưng về nhà muộn quá.
We were going to have a picnic, but it poured all afternoon.
Chúng tôi định đi dã ngoại, nhưng cả buổi chiều mưa như trút.
I wasn't going to buy anything, but the shoes were on sale.
Tôi không định mua gì cả, nhưng đôi giày đang giảm giá.
2. Điều đã được đoán trước — lúc đó đã thấy nó sắp xảy ra (sau đó có thể xảy ra thật, có thể không)
Everyone knew the final was going to be close.
Ai cũng biết trận chung kết sẽ rất sít sao.
I thought the meeting was going to finish early, but it went on until seven.
Tôi tưởng cuộc họp sẽ xong sớm, ai ngờ kéo dài đến bảy giờ.
3. Sắp làm thì bị cắt ngang — thường với just
I was just going to text you when you called!
Mình vừa định nhắn cho bạn thì bạn gọi!
Sorry, what were you going to say?
Xin lỗi, lúc nãy bạn định nói gì thế?
Tiếng Việt chỉ cần chữ “định” và không đổi dạng động từ, nên nhiều bạn nói “I am going to call you, but I forgot.” Đã có but I forgot (việc đã qua) thì kế hoạch cũng phải lùi về quá khứ: I was going to call you, but I forgot.
3.So sánh với các cách nói gần nghĩa
| Câu | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| I'm going to call her. | dự định bây giờ, cho tương lai |
| I was going to call her. | lúc trước đã định gọi (thường là rốt cuộc chưa gọi) |
| I called her. | đã gọi thật |
| I was calling her when… | đang gọi dở thì… |
| I would have called her, but… | lẽ ra đã gọi, nếu không vì… |
| She said she would call. | lời hứa, dự đoán nhìn từ quá khứ |
Was going to nhấn vào kế hoạch, ý định đã có sẵn; would sau said / promised nhấn vào lời hứa, lời đoán. Nhiều khi cả hai đều đúng: He said he was going to fix it. / He said he would fix it.
4.Lỗi thường gặp
I was go to call you, but I forgot.I was going to call you, but I forgot.
Cấu trúc đầy đủ: was going to + V.
We are going to visit Hue last summer, but the flights were too expensive.We were going to visit Hue last summer, but the flights were too expensive.
Kế hoạch trong quá khứ → were, không phải are.
She was going to studied abroad.She was going to study abroad.
Sau going to là động từ nguyên mẫu.
I was going to finishing my essay, but I fell asleep.I was going to finish my essay, but I fell asleep.
Sau to không dùng -ing.
My friends was going to come.My friends were going to come.
Chủ ngữ số nhiều → were.
Ví dụ
- I was going to call you last night, but my phone died.
- We were going to eat out, but it rained, so we cooked at home.
- Sorry, I was going to tell you about the party, but I forgot.
- I was going to buy a new laptop, but then I saw the price.
