跟讀練習: Building a Marsbase is a Horrible Idea: Let’s do it! - 通過影片學習英語口語

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From hostile deserts to lonely islands and the highest mountains, wherever there is space to expand into, humans do so.

So, it's hardly surprising that we're already making preparations to set foot on Mars

and to create the first permanent colony outside of Earth, maybe even terraform another planet and turn it into a second blue home. But wait!

Before we can get to the nice future stuff, we first have to complete the second phase of colonization,

outpost to prepare the ground for a larger human presence.

But doing so will be gruesome.

Even for an expansionist species like us, Mars is extreme.

At first glance, Mars seems familiar.

Polar ice caps, large valleys, liquid water under its surface, and a day barely longer than Earth's.

The ideal place for us to go.

Unfortunately, Mars is actually a cold, radioactive desert where the ground is poisonous and breathing is impossible.

Mars is awful.

You almost certainly don't want to go there.

The pioneers doing the hard work on Mars will have an intensely stressful life filled with incredibly challenging problems never encountered before.

But there are plenty of people willing to do that work, and we have the technology to enable them to do it.

For this video, we will assume there have been prior missions to Mars to scout out a good place for an outpost,

store resources and equipment, and that there's already a moon base that serves as a hub for Mars missions.

outpost is the fact that Mars is very energy poor.

Because of its distance from the Sun, solar power is only 40 % as effective as on Earth.

But even this weakened sunlight is often obscured for days by enormous dust storms.

Solar power alone will probably not be enough.

Alternatives such as wind power and geothermal energy are also unfeasible as there is hardly technology might be the only option.

Since Mars doesn't have easily accessible radioactive elements, the nuclear fuel needs to come from Earth along with the reactor.

If we do set it up, it could power our small outpost for the first few years.

Unfortunately, all that energy won't be very useful if we can't breathe.

Mars's atmosphere is only 1 % as dense as Earth's and mostly made up of nitrogen and oxygen,

which comes with more problems.

Corners and flat walls are weak points, so the habitats will have rounded and smooth shapes to handle the stress of great pressure differences between the interior and exterior.

The airlocks need to be very airtight and work perfectly every time.

Without an extensive magnetosphere or a dense atmosphere, half of all radiation coming from space reaches the ground.

A person on the surface would be subjected to 50 times the radiation that they would be on Earth.

Three years on the surface of Mars exceeds the radiation dose limits imposed on NASA astronauts for their entire career.

This increases cancer risks significantly.

To prevent that, we could shield our habitats with a thick layer of frozen CO2

that can be harvested directly from the atmosphere.

Covering the dry ice with a meter of dirt would further increase the level of protection.

Sadly, this means almost no windows.

From the inside, most living spaces will be windowless tunnels.

From the outside, they'll look like burial mounds.

just enough to be survivable for long periods of time.

It won't, however, protect anyone who ventures outside.

So remote -controlled robots will be used for routine work on the surface, while our crew stays inside.

Staying inside is a good idea for another reason: Mars Dust.

It's much finer than dust on Earth, so it could find its way into the gears or electronics of our machines.

Because it's also very dry, it's electrostatically charged, sticking to everything,

It would be impossible to avoid carrying lots of Mars dust into our habitat and into the lungs of our crew.

To make this even worse, Mars' soil is filled with very toxic perchlorate salts.

Constant exposure could be deadly.

This problem can still be overcome though.

Space suits, for example, could be made in a way that they never truly enter the base, but stay attached to the outside of the habitats.

Okay, great.

them from cancer, we just need to feed them.

Water is easy to come by if a settlement is positioned near the Martian poles with their thick layers of ice.

Growing food is a different kind of challenge though.

Mars' soils are alkaline and lack the vital nitrogen compounds that plants need to grow.

Before we can grow anything, we will have to decontaminate the soil, which is difficult and expensive.

Then the soil can be fertilized using recycled All of this will take a lot of time and is very energy intensive.

So we might use aquaponics to raise fish and plants together, making the astronauts' diets more varied and tasty at the same time.

This will be an important psychological boost for our overworked crew.

All of these things don't solve one fundamental problem though.

Mars has only 38 % of Earth's surface gravity, which could cause muscle wasting,

bone loss, While this might be solved in the future by setting up rotating living spaces,

for now our crew has to live with low gravity and exercise a lot to slow the degradation down.

The crews will probably have to rotate every few years, after being stuck indoors in tight spaces without windows,

with the same people, performing the same routines day in day out, with little contact from the outside world and a lot to worry about.

undergo intense psychological screening to make sure they are mentally resilient enough to handle this lifestyle for several years.

Establishing the first real infrastructure on Mars will be extremely taxing work

that only a group of very determined and competent people can do.

Luckily, we have enough of these on Earth.

And there you have it, a small Mars base that will survive for at least a few decades.

As from Earth.

Unfortunately, Mars and Earth are separated by millions of kilometers

and orbital periods that leave only a narrow travel window every two years.

If there's an emergency in the colony, Earth wouldn't be able to help until the next travel window opens.

Helpers may arrive on a planet filled with corpses.

Settling Mars will be the toughest challenge we have ever faced.

It will like extreme challenges.

If we push through phase two of colonization, anything is possible.

Cities illuminating the dark Martian night, a hub for travel between the planets, industries setting foot in orbit,

terraforming, a true multi -planetary future.

Going to Mars is hard but worth it, and if we're lucky, we might be around long enough to see it happening

and cheer on the people who take on these challenges for the benefit of us all.

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關於本課

在本節中，學習者將專注於提高英語的發音和流利度，特別是與太空探索及火星基地相關的詞彙。通過收聽影片內容並進行模仿練習，學習者能有效提升自己的口語能力。觀看這段關於火星基地建設討論的影片將為您提供豐富的背景知識，同時增強您在科技和宇宙話題上的對話能力。使用 "看YouTube學英語" 的方法，可以在真實語境中學習和實踐新詞彙。

關鍵詞彙與短語

semi-permanent outpost（半永久前哨）
energy poor（能源貧乏）
radiation（輻射）
atmosphere（大氣層）
toxic perchlorate salts（有毒的高階氯酸鹽）
artificial atmosphere（人工大氣）
dust storms（沙塵暴）
habitats（棲息地）

練習建議

為了更好地掌握口語，建議您在收聽影片內容時採用shadowing 技巧。“Shadow speaks”是一種幫助提高語言口音的有效方法。在模仿影片時，請嘗試跟隨講話者的語速和語調。這段影片的語速相對適中，因此即使是初學者也能跟上。可以分段練習，先聽一小節，暫停後重復，然後再繼續。注意音調和語氣變化，這些都是提高英語發音的關鍵。

此外，您可以使用線上資源或軟體，在需要時回放影片段落，確保你能夠清楚地理解每一個單詞。多多嘗試，將學習與實際運用結合，能夠更快地掌握髮音和流利度。同時，不要忘記重複練習與這些主題相關的詞彙，以增強記憶和應用能力。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	is often obscured · would be subjected · can be harvested
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	anyone who ventures · soil, which is · people who take
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	have been · have ever faced

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Building a Marsbase is a Horrible Idea: Let’s do it! - 通過影片學習英語口語

選擇練習模式

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關於本課

關鍵詞彙與短語

練習建議

影片中的語法

什麼是跟讀法？