跟讀練習: How Is a Memory Stored Inside Your Squishy Brain? - 通過影片學習英語口語

選擇練習模式

每種模式都會開啟全屏練習室。

172 句

如果句子過短或過長，請點選 Edit 進行調整。

Memories are biological magic that enable you to experience bygone moments over and over.

記憶是一種生物層面的魔力，讓你能夠一次又一次地重溫過往的時光。

With them, your mind can encode, store and retrieve information about the world and yourself.

藉助這些能力，你的大腦可以對關於世界和自身的資訊進行編碼、儲存和提取。

But memories are not static like photos.

但記憶並不像照片那樣是靜止的。

Like dioramas made from wax, each time they're under the spotlight of your attention, they can melt and change a tiny bit.

就像用蠟製作的立體模型，每次被你關注的聚光燈照亮時，它們都會微微融化、發生一點變化。

Which is a bit concerning because they are a huge part of what makes you, you.

這有點令人擔憂，因為它們是構成獨特的你的重要組成部分。

They are the personal law a lot of your identity is based on, and the basis for your decisions about your future.

它們是構成你大部分個人特質的內在準則，也是你對未來做出決策的基礎。

What does it mean if they change?

如果它們發生變化，意味著什麼？

And more fundamentally, what is a memory?

更根本地說，記憶到底是什麼？

How is a moment in time stored in squishy meat?

時間的一個瞬間是如何被儲存在軟綿綿的大腦裡的？

Your brain is weird madness.

你的腦子簡直是一團亂麻。

The human brain is the most complex thing in the universe, so we need to simplify quite a bit.

人類大腦是宇宙中最複雜的事物，所以我們需要做相當程度的簡化。

Scientific models work, but are not a perfect reflection of reality.

科學模型是有效的，但並非對現實的完美反映。

It's a bit like talking about elementary particles, but in a nutshell, what makes you think and feel is a complex system of about 86 billion neurons.

這有點像在討論基本粒子，但簡而言之，讓你產生思考和感受的是一個由約860億個神經元組成的複雜系統。

Extremely complex electrochemical root systems sending and receiving signals through synapses and tiny gaps between cells, where an electrical signal is converted into chemicals,

極其複雜的電化學根系系統通過突觸和細胞間的微小間隙傳送和接收訊號，在這些間隙中電訊號會轉化為化學物質。

bridges the distance, is received and converted into electricity again.

This is how neurons talk to each other.

And it's a busy conversation because a typical neuron is connected with up to 10,000 others.

Together, they're a network of hundreds of trillions of connections.

A hundred times more than galaxies in the observable universe.

From these connections, the magic of your existence emerges.

To create purpose in this chaos, some connections need to grow stronger.

Whenever two neurons fire at the same time, their synapses change and their connection gets stronger.

They become buddies if you want, and when their buddy calls, they join in.

If we zoom out, patterns emerge.

Dozens or thousands of neurons organize into local columns.

These columns are very basic information processing units that process a tiny piece of all the input coming in from your senses, like dark and light, a location in space,

how a texture feels, the sound of words and so on.

You have columns for sound, images, touch, etc. all located in different parts of your brain.

These columns are the gears of the biological machine that is your cortex.

It's the fundamental hardware you emerge from.

Everything you see, hear or feel causes the gears to move, which means your neurons to fire together.

But for you to have a coherent experience, these very different gears need to be connected together.

Any moment you perceive is made from different parts.

As you're watching this video, your eyes activate columns for vision and color in your visual cortex, your ears transmit information to your auditory cortex,

language areas are decoding my words, while other networks keep track of your body and emotions.

All these signals are processed in deeper areas of your brain that evaluate them, boosting what seems important right now and tuning out what doesn't.

Vastly simplifying, This concert of all these different gears connected by levers, wheels and screws comes together to create a new structure within your brain machine.

The assembly.

A new pattern of synchronized activity within the grand architecture of your brain.

This assembly of very different neurons firing together is what gives you the experience of being a human being in this moment.

So the assembly active in your brain right now is you watching this video, hearing my voice, and learning about memories.

But this is only activity without permanent substance.

Like ripples on a pond, nothing will remain.

Without memories, you'll be forever trapped in the present.

To become a being that transcends time, you need to etch these fleeting sensory inputs, these temporary moments, into something physical that will remain.

And how does your brain decide what becomes permanent?

With a deadly competition.

How to store the past.

In reality, there's not just one assembly active in your brain.

Your brain can't process everything in the outer and inner world with full attention, so different assemblies are fighting for dominance.

The details are complicated, but at any moment, one assembly is winning and deemed the most important by your brain.

This is what you're aware of right now.

In your brain, the assembly processing the sentence I'm speaking to you seems to be the most active and wins.

Your brain thinks this matters and you're forming a new memory.

Two things are happening right now.

The neurons of the winning assembly are bathed in chemicals that make them more susceptible to change and tie them closer together, strengthening the synapses between them.

And the memory centre and librarian of your brain, the hippocampus, is activated.

The details here are super complicated and the exact process isn't fully understood yet.

But in a nutshell, your hippocampus creates a blueprint saving the rough configuration of the assembly.

The assembly is saved and put on an index with all your other memories

that are associated with what was going on in this moment.

every time I was confused by something in a Kurzgesagt video.

Finally, you have a memory.

An activation pattern of millions of neurons spanning many different regions of your brain.

Activating any part of the pattern now makes the whole assembly fire.

Now, you're able to relive a moment of the past that's gone forever in the real world.

But this new memory is very fragile and still pretty temporary.

Your hippocampus holds its blueprint, but without reinforcement, the assembly will fade and the synapses will be weakened again.

This is why you forget most moments of your life, why you don't remember how your coffee tasted 43 weeks ago on a Monday.

You experience most of your life only once in the moment you live it.

And you don't just forget what happens to you, you also forget what happens in the world.

Most news stories disappear within days, and often you never even saw the full picture in the first place first place.

This is why we've partnered with Ground News, a media literacy tool whose mission we fully support.

Their app and website let you compare coverage, explore context and see how stories spread over time.

You can even see how bias shapes the narrative.

Take this study on Alzheimer's risk in women.

More than 40 articles were published on it.

Some focus on how menopause shrinks parts of the brain, others highlight the benefits of hormone therapy.

You're actively weighing different aspects and that deeper engagement helps your brain to remember.

Most importantly, Ground News reveals blind spots, stories that only one side is covering, showing you what your usual news feed is hiding.

As information bubbles become the norm, thinking critically about the news is no longer optional.

And Ground News makes it easier to do just

that try it via the qr code on the screen

or go to ground.news slash nutshell our link below gives you 40% off an unlimited access subscription

and directly supports our channel and now back to your brand new memory

for the past to be truly saved the assembly needs to fight for its life there are many ways this can happen.

One of them is novelty.

If you walk to the bus, listening to some mildly interesting podcasts as usual, this assembly's signal is too weak.

This moment in time will be lost like tears in rain.

But if one day you see a crow and a squirrel fighting over a nut, only for a mouse to steal it, the assembly will fire strongly just for the novelty of it all.

Another one is to reactivate the memory over and over after it's formed.

Thinking Talking about the animal fight all day and telling everyone about the strange event will etch it deeper into your brain,

similar to doing loads of repetition when you try to learn something.

And a major way to make a memory stick is to feel emotions.

Emotions are really strong mechanisms to guide out behavior that evolved hundreds of millions of years ago.

They motivate you to avoid danger, seek out food and reproduce.

You experience this as something feeling good or bad.

Whenever you feel something strongly, your ancient brain decides that whatever is going on is important for your survival, regardless if it's wrong or not.

So many of your strongest memories have strong emotional flavors.

100

The humiliation when you acted dumb in front of your crush.

101

The joy when you beat your dad at Mario Kart.

102

The devastation when your dog died.

103

The overwhelming love when you held your first kid.

104

If we just made you feel something, we increased the chances that you'll remember this video.

105

Strong activation, repetition and emotions do the same thing to your memory.

106

We said before that chemicals made the neurons able to change.

107

Well, now they change drastically.

108

Like wax warming up and melting together, the gears of the assembly grow new teeth to fit more tightly.

109

Neurons grow more synapses and fire together even better.

110

They become closer and more solid.

111

A lot of this happens while you sleep.

112

Your hippocampus replays the assembly over and over, making it more solid and easier to retrieve, which also means that if you don't sleep enough,

113

you literally forget more of your life.

114

Think about that when you have to study for a test next time.

115

Without proper sleep, you'll be wasting your time.

116

But in the end, you have a proper long-term memory.

117

A diorama of hardened wax displaying a moment of your life.

118

A scene etched into a pattern of connection inside your brain.

119

Now, you can remember it forever.

120

Well, why remembering changes your memories forever.

121

To remember, you need a cue for the memory, something that's part of the original assembly.

122

A smell, sound, word, or maybe the image of an angry crow.

123

Your hippocampus searches its index for the cue, hopefully finding the right stored assembly, and activates it.

124

It fires.

125

Your past experience is retrieved.

126

The diorama appears in your mind, and you relive seeing the crow and squirrel fighting.

127

So far, so good.

128

But as the diorama plays for you, you start changing it.

129

Recalling memories is not like loading a video and pressing play.

130

Under the light of your attention, parts of the wax become soft again, moldable, which means that as you experience the memory in your mind,

131

the neurons involved are bathed in chemicals that make them able to change their structure again.

132

Your hippocampus organizes memories based on a few things, but most importantly, the context of the experience.

133

And the context is now very different.

134

When you form the memory, you are tired, in a mildly bad mood before work, and very surprised.

135

Right now, you're putting the memory as you're having a night out with your friends

136

and are telling your hilarious story of the epic squirrel crow fight.

137

And this new context seeps into the memory.

138

New connections form, some synapses are weakened, while others reconfigure.

139

The diorama changes, becomes funnier and more absurd.

140

Not because you wanted to, your brain is just incorporating the new context of your life into the memory.

141

As you finish your story, the light of your attention moves on.

142

The diorama hardens again, now in a new form.

143

The next time you remember the animal fight, you'll remember it as way funnier than when you actually experienced it.

144

And it's the same with all your memories.

145

When you retrieve them, your brain adds new information or forgets some and incorporates your emotions and expectations.

146

In a sense, it updates your past life to fit the narrative of your present life.

147

Over time, even core memories can shift, combine with others or generate entirely new elements.

148

Your memory system is deeply intertwined with the mechanisms for learning.

149

It was never designed to create an accurate representation of the world.

150

So your memories are updated as you gain new experiences and information.

151

Ironically, the more you remember something actively, the less of the original experience remains.

152

This also means that just because you remember something really well, it doesn't mean your memory is correct.

153

It just means that its assembly is really strong and vivid.

154

It's not a sudden process.

155

Your identity is safe for today.

156

It's a slow shift in the overall patterns inside your mind.

157

You are who you are today, but your future self will be different, and they'll think and feel differently about the things you experience today.

158

This is also why therapy can be so helpful.

159

By revisiting hurtful memories in a safe context, ideally with helpful introspection, you are literally changing your brain.

160

Literally rewiring yourself to get a chance to be happier.

161

Because yes, your memories may be the law of your life and the basis for your future, but it turns out, with some help,

162

you may be able to rewrite your law and be who you want to be.

163

And if you want to rewrite the law of your home, new human-made original art prints just landed in the Kurzgesagt shop.

164

Choose a dramatic meteor shower, a tranquil lunar dreamscape, or a powerful volcanic eruption.

165

Or even better, all of them.

166

Each print is created with bold neon colors and set in a matching fluorescent acrylic frame.

167

The sturdy frame is designed to stand solo on your desk or hang on your wall with ease.

168

And when the light hits it just right, it radiates vivid color into your room.

169

Get yours now and literally brighten up your space.

170

You want to listen to the beautiful soundtrack without my annoying voice?

171

Well, it's up to you.

172

Just select the audio track Interlingua down here and watch the video again as a music video.

下載應用

流利口語所需的一切

AI 發音評分逐句打分

音標練習掌握每個音

詞彙學習建立你的詞庫

詞彙遊戲邊玩邊學

掃碼

Download on theApp Store Get it onGoogle Play

同頻道

FOR YOU

為什麼要通過這個影片練習口語？

當你練習口語時，使用有趣且豐富的資訊來源可以大大提升你的學習體驗。《如何在你柔軟的大腦中儲存記憶？》這段影片不僅引人入勝，而且內涵深刻。通過這樣的影片進行雅思口語練習，你能夠在瞭解大腦如何工作的同時，提升自己的英語口語能力。學習者在聽說的過程中將會獲得語言模型，從而提升他們在真實對話中的反應能力和表達能力。

語法與表達在語境中的運用

在這段影片中，有幾個關鍵的表達結構可供學習者重點關注：

“What does it mean if they change?” - 這個句子通過提問引導思考，使用條件從句增強表達的深度。
“Your brain can’t process everything...” - 這裡使用了否定結構，強調大腦處理資訊的侷限性。
“Whenever two neurons fire at the same time...” - 這個結構展示了條件句的用法，表達了一種因果關係。
“Creating a new pattern of synchronized activity...” - 該句子展示了現在分詞的使用方式，描述正在進行的動作。

通過這樣的結構學習，能夠提高你的語言應用能力，使得你在日常交流中更流利、自然。

常見發音陷阱

在影片中，有些單詞和短語可能會對學習者造成發音困擾：

“neuron” - 這個詞的發音常常被混淆，注意首音的清晰發出。
“assembly” - 注意重音的正確把握，使得發音更為準確。
“simply” - 這個詞在連讀時可能會造成發音模糊，因此需加強練習。

通過配合影片中的策略，學習者可以有效識別並糾正這些發音問題，從而在shadow speak或shadow speech中變得更加自信。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	is based · is converted · is received
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	move, which means · moldable, which means

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: How Is a Memory Stored Inside Your Squishy Brain? - 通過影片學習英語口語

選擇練習模式

下載應用

Queen Ant Clones Another Species

How Caffeine Works

Your Skeleton Is Electric

Your Brain Peaked at Birth

The Beginning of Everything -- The Big Bang

Could Humans Evolve Flight?

Would You Upload Your Mind?

Your Brain on Magic Mushrooms

You Will Only Like Half of This Video

Why Ebola Keeps Coming Back

What If You Never Slept?

Let’s Steal a New Moon

What Happens AFTER Nuclear War?

3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Awesome! 3/3

Nuclear Energy Explained: How does it work? 1/3

What Falling in Love Does to You

YOU Own the Moon. And Mars. And Venus.

What Is Life? Is Death Real?

How Antidepressants Work

We Won’t Explore the Galaxy...

Discover The Mysteries of the Human Brain | BBC Earth Science

Why don't you remember being a baby?

Our Brains Are Not Special. But Why Are We?

How Depression Affects The Brain - Yale Medicine Explains

Your Brain on Drugs: Marijuana

The Nervous System Explained Simply | Brain, Neurons & Signals

How might LLMs store facts | Deep Learning Chapter 7

Fear of Forgetting

How Memory can be manipulated, with Elizabeth Loftus, PhD | Speaking of Psychology

Why Your Brain Blinds You For 2 Hours Every Day

The Neuroscience of Creativity

Your brain doesn’t detect reality. It creates it. | Lisa Feldman Barrett

為什麼要通過這個影片練習口語？

語法與表達在語境中的運用

常見發音陷阱

影片中的語法

什麼是跟讀法？