跟讀練習: How to Journal (Like a Philosopher) - 通過影片學習英語口語

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So if you want to start journaling, it's actually pretty simple.

There are basically three steps.

First, just get a journal.

Find one that you like.

I like these Lloyd's term soft covers lately.

Second, get a pen that you like to write with.

I really like fountain pens, but you should just pick whatever works for you.

And third, the step is to just write.

Make a habit of it.

Try to write every day if you can.

And if you can't write every day, just write when you feel like it.

It really is that simple.

But every time I talk about journaling on this channel, I get one question I'm going to give you a guide to journaling.

I'm going to tell you what to do when the words aren't flowing.

And along the way, I am going to talk about journaling's relationship to self -improvement, which is one reason so many of us journal, and also the philosophy behind it all.

If I'm struggling to write, I found that there is a reliable structure that I can follow that lets me write about a page's worth of content.

First, I write a paragraph about something that happened that day, or if I'm journaling in the morning, something that happened the day before.

I'm just writing about some event in my life, something that was notable.

I'm being selective here.

I'm not writing about everything that happened to me, and I am not aiming for this to be a comprehensive account of my entire day.

So as an example, a few days ago, I was writing in my journal about something that happened at work.

Basically, this event occurred.

The details don't really matter for this video, but it was something that I found very stressful, but it turned out to be a misunderstanding on my part.

and There was some stress for me until it was resolved.

That was a notable enough event that I decided to write about it in my journal.

So after I've written my factual account of the event in my life, I then try to write about something that I did well.

This is something I can feel proud of.

This is an achievement or a little bit of a success, a small victory,

or even just an instance where I was able to reliably fall back on a habit that I've built up over time.

to actually figure out what I would need to do to solve the problem.

Now, because it turned out it was a misunderstanding, I didn't actually have to do much.

But what I was proud of was

that I broke the problem up into some smaller problems and started solving the most important ones.

After I've written that paragraph, I write a paragraph about what did not go well.

This is an opportunity for me to identify problem areas in my life, to identify places where I want to improve.

These can over again.

Or it could be bad habits that I've cultivated that I want to try and break.

So I'm someone who's prone to anxiety.

And when a problem arises, I tend to spiral for a little bit.

I can usually then collect myself and solve the problem.

But I always go through that anxiety spiral.

And I want to stop doing that.

So I try and identify times when I let my anxiety get the best of me.

And then I try and think about how I can avoid that.

What are the conditions that make

to follow because one very effective technique for combating anxiety is figuring out where the anxious mind goes wrong

and actually being able to reason with yourself

so far i have written about an event i have written about something i'm proud of

and something that i'm not proud of a success and a failure

but after that there's still something else worth writing and

that is when i try and zoom out

and think about the bigger picture this part really isn't a paragraph it can

pages on those days when I have a lot to think about.

What I'm really trying to do is figure out what this event has in common with other events in my life.

Or really, I am trying to fit this event into a larger narrative about my life.

I am giving a sort of internal logic to my life story, and I am using my journal as an opportunity to do that.

Let's talk a little bit more about this and the philosophy behind it.

Many philosophers, just to name a few, Charles Taylor, Alistair McIntyre, Martin Heidegger, there are many others, but those are some notable names.

They think of persons as primarily storytelling beings.

So what makes us

persons as opposed to mere animals is that we are able to construct and tell a narrative about ourselves.

It's not as if we all have a formal narrative written down.

Despite being someone who has consistently journaled for about a decade, it's not like I have written an autobiography of myself.

And even those who write autobiographies don't write totally comprehensive accounts of their lives.

But as we live our lives, we are thinking about how events relate to one another,

We are looking for coherence and we are placing them in a more or less linear format.

We're being selective.

We think about some events more than others, but all the time as we live, we are constructing a narrative about ourselves.

As we tell this story about ourselves and construct this narrative, really we are constructing who we are.

What I think is interesting though, is that most of us don't take an active role in this construction.

We do it out of habit and routine. to break the routine.

It is designed actually to take a more intentional and active role in telling my life story to myself.

If my life is a story.

I want to be its author.

but I also want to be a good author And that takes practice.

Journaling is my practice.

The idea is that I want to go beyond a fragmented account of my life.

Julia Anis, who is an ethicist and a scholar of ancient philosophy who I really admire, calls this making sense of one's life as a whole.

She discusses this at length in the first chapter of her book, The Morality of Happiness, a book that I highly recommend.

Even if you're not an academic philosopher, it's pretty readable.

According to Anis, ancient ethics begins with one simple question.

Am I satisfied with my life as a whole, with the way that it has developed and the way that it promises to continue?

For ancient philosophers like Aristotle, the central problem of ethics is happiness, or what they would call eudaimonia.

We could also call that human flourishing.

Achieving happiness is no easy task.

It takes work, and a lot of that work is reflective work, reflecting on one's life as a whole.

And that is exactly what a regular practice of journaling can provide.

So if you have been struggling to get started with journaling, maybe give this format a shot.

All you have to do is write about something that happened to your day, write about something you're proud of, something where you can improve, and then try to place it in the larger context of your life.

Write that story about yourself.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“How to Journal”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：write, event, journaling, written, narrative。這段影片共有 90 個句子、1252 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 6:44。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 186 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 82% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
construct 動詞	/ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/	建造, 建設 /建設
paragraph 名詞	/ˈpæɹəɡɹæf/	段, 段落
philosopher 名詞	/fəˈlɑsəfɚ/	哲學家 /哲學家
notable 形容詞	/ˈnəʊtəbl̩/	著名
misunderstand 動詞	/mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/	誤會 /誤會, 誤解 /誤解
autobiography 名詞	/ˌɔː.tə.baɪˈɒɡ.ɹə.fi/	自傳 /自傳
spiral 名詞	/ˈspaɪɹəl/	螺線 /螺線
cultivate 動詞	/ˈkʌltɪveɪt/	耕種 /耕種, 種植 /種植
ethicist 名詞	/ˈɛθɪsɪst/	倫理學者 /倫理學者
reliably 副詞		可靠地
flourish 動詞	/ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/	繁榮 /繁榮
fragment 名詞	/ˈfɹæɡmənt/	碎片, 碎屑
factual 形容詞	/ˈfæk.tʃ(u)əl/	事實 /事實
intentional 形容詞	/ɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/	故意, 蓄意
fountain 名詞	/ˈfaʊn.tɪn/	噴泉 /噴泉, 噴水池 /噴水池

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	發音	釋義
figure out 動詞		弄清楚
go through 動詞		通過 /通過
turn out 動詞		原來 /原來
write down 動詞		寫下來 /寫下來, 寫下 /寫下
zoom out 動詞	/ˌzuːm ˈaʊt/	縮小 /縮小

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	I've written · I've built · I've cultivated
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	improvement, which is · someone who has · those who write
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	was resolved · is designed

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 25 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I'm, I've, don't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: ethics /ˈɛθ.ɪks/, ethicist /ˈɛθɪsɪst/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, intentional /ɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/, anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/
長單詞——注意重音位置: philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, misunderstand /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/, autobiography /ˌɔː.tə.baɪˈɒɡ.ɹə.fi/, intentional /ɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: selective /səˈlɛktɪv/, cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/, reflective /ɹɪˈflɛktɪv/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: construct /ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/, paragraph /ˈpæɹəɡɹæf/, misunderstand /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/, selective /səˈlɛktɪv/, ethics /ˈɛθ.ɪks/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/, readable /ˈɹiː.də.bəl/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, reflective /ɹɪˈflɛktɪv/, stressful /ˈstɹɛsfəl/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 construct, paragraph, philosopher 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: How to Journal (Like a Philosopher) - 通過影片學習英語口語

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