跟讀練習: Three Ways to Destroy the Universe - 通過影片學習英語口語

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One day the universe will die.

But why? And how? And will the universe be dead forever?

And how do we know that?

First of all, the universe is expanding.

And not only that, the rate of its expansion is accelerating.

The reason: dark energy.

Dark energy is a strange phenomenon that scientists believe permeates the universe.

Until 1998 we thought that the universe must work a bit like a ball that you throw into the sky.

The ball moves up, but at some point it has to come down again.

But the expansion of the universe is actually speeding up.

That’s like throwing a ball up and watching it fly away faster and faster and faster.

Where is this acceleration coming from?

Well, we don’t know, but we call it “dark energy”.

Einstein thought of it first and then decided it was stupid.

Now, astrophysicists have decided it is plausible.

Trouble is, this is all very theoretical, and we don’t actually know what the properties of dark energy are.

But there are various theories and they lead us to three scenarios for the end of the universe.

One: the Big Rip.

Since its birth, the universe has been expanding.

For unknown reasons new spaces created everywhere equally.

The space between galaxies expands, so they move apart.

The space inside galaxies also expands, but here, gravity is strong enough to keep them together.

In the Big Rip scenario, the expansion accelerates up to a point where space expands so fast that gravity can’t compensate for this effect anymore.

The result is a Big Rip.

At first, only large structures like galaxies are torn apart, since space between the single objects expands very fast.

Next, big bodies like black holes, stars, and planets die.

Their gravity isn’t strong enough to keep them together, so they dissolve into their components.

In the end, space would expand faster than the speed of light.

Atoms would now be affected, and they would just disband.

Once space is expanding faster than light, no particle in the universe can interact with any other particle anymore.

The universe would dissolve into countless lonely particles that won’t be able to touch anything else in a strange, timeless universe.

Hmm, and you thought you felt lonely!

Two: Heat death or a Big Freeze.

In a nutshell, the difference between the Big Rip and heat death is that in a heat death scenario matter stays intact and is converted over an incredibly long but finite period of time into radiation, while the universe expands forever.

But how does this work? Let’s talk about entropy.

Every system tends towards the state of highest entropy, like when we have a latte macchiato.

Initially, it has different regions, but over time, they will cool down and disintegrate, until it’s uniform.

And this also applies to the universe.

So, while the universe gets bigger and bigger, matters slowly decays and spreads out.

At some point, after lots of generations of stars, all the gas clouds necessary to form stars will be exhausted, so the universe will turn dark.

The remaining suns will die; black holes will slowly degenerate and evaporate over trillions of years due to what’s known as Hawking radiation.

When this process is complete, only a dilute gas of photons and light particles remains, until even this decays.

All activity in the universe ceases at this point; entropy is at its maximum and the universe is dead forever.

Unless… theoretically, it might be possible that after an incredibly long amount of time, there might be a spontaneous entropy decrease as a result of something called “quantum tunneling”, leading to a new Big Bang.

Three: Big Crunch and Big Bounce.

This is the most uplifting scenario.

If there is less dark energy than we think or it decreases over time, gravity will be the dominating force in the universe one day.

In a few trillion years, the rate of expansion of the universe will slow down and stop.

After that, it reverses.

Galaxies will race at each other, merging as the universe becomes smaller and smaller.

Since a smaller universe also means a hotter universe, temperatures rise everywhere all at once.

One hundred thousand years before the Big Crunch, background radiation would be hotter than the surfaces of the most stars, which means that they would be cooked from the outside.

Minutes before the Big Crunch happens, atom cores are ripped apart, before supermassive black holes devour everything.

Finally, all black holes would emerge into a supermassive mega-black hole that contains the entire mass of the universe, and in the last moment before the Big Crunch it would devour the universe, including itself.

The Big Bounce theory states that this has happened a lot of times and that the universe goes through an infinite cycle of expansion and contraction.

Well, wouldn’t that be nice?

So what will actually happen to the universe in the end?

At the moment, heat death seems the most likely, but we at Kurzgesagt hope that this “dead forever” stuff is wrong and the universe will start over and over again.

We don't know for sure either way, so let’s just assume the most uplifting theory is true.

By the way, we have a Twitter account.

Subtitles by the Amara.org community

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為什麼要通過這個影片練習口語？

在這個關於宇宙終結的有趣影片中，我們可以學習到許多英語口語的技巧和表達方式。通過觀看和模仿說話者的發音，你不僅可以提升語言能力，還能加深對複雜概念的理解。使用這種方式進行英語口語練習，有助於提高英語交流能力，尤其是在討論科學或哲學等專業領域時。這種練習方式也被稱為“影子跟讀”，這是一種有效的學習方法，能夠幫助你掌握語音語調，增強信心，達到流利表達的效果。

語法與表達在語境中

在影片中，有幾個關鍵的語法結構和表達值得注意：

將來時態：例如“the universe will die”說明了未來發生的事情，這是描述未來事件的常用方式。
被動語態：如“is accelerated”，用於強調動作的接受者，有助於在描述複雜的科學過程時將焦點放在動作上。
條件句：例如“unless...”，用於表達假設和條件，幫助說話者描述複雜的理念或理論。
不定式和動名詞：如“to form stars”和“turning into radiation”，這些結構用於擴充套件句子，使表達更為豐富。

掌握這些結構對於準備雅思口語練習尤為重要，因為它們能夠有效提升你的表達能力。

常見發音陷阱

在影片中，有一些發音可能會給學習者帶來困難，特別是那些複雜的詞彙和特定口音：

“accelerating”：這個詞的重音放在第二個音節，常常被學習者錯誤地重讀成其他音節。
“gravity” ：注意這個詞的發音，尤其是在快速度說的時候，容易出現吞音。
“black holes”：它的連線發音可能會導致發音不清晰，建議慢慢練習以確保正確發音。

通過識別並練習這些發音陷阱，你將更有信心地使用英語與他人交流，為自己的英語口語練習打下堅實基礎。利用“shadowspeaks”資源，將這些技能不斷融入你的日常練習中，讓自己在英語學習的旅程中更加自如。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	are torn · be affected · is converted
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	have decided · has happened

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Three Ways to Destroy the Universe - 通過影片學習英語口語

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為什麼要通過這個影片練習口語？

語法與表達在語境中

常見發音陷阱

影片中的語法

什麼是跟讀法？