跟讀練習: Why Does Fentanyl Feel So Good? - 通過影片學習英語口語
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180 句
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1
Fentanyl must be amazing.
2
Loads of people give up on everything that makes life good for it.
3
Their loved ones, any other possessions or pursuits, homes, their dignity, and even their lives.
4
But actually, fentanyl is garbage heroin, inferior in every single way but one.
但實際上，芬太尼是劣質海洛因，在每一個方面都不如海洛因，只有一個例外。
5
It's the perfect drug for dealers.
這對毒販來說是最理想的毒品。
6
And while we hear a lot about how deadly fentanyl is, many people it kills are not even fentanyl addicts.
儘管我們聽說芬太尼是多麼致命，但許多死於芬太尼的人並不是芬太尼成癮者。
7
It's truly the dumbest drug to ruin your life for.
為了這種藥毀掉自己的人生，實在是太蠢了。
8
Let's learn what fentanyl does to you, what it feels like, and why it's so much lamer than heroin.
讓我們瞭解一下芬太尼對你的影響、它的感覺，以及為什麼它比海洛因要遜色得多。
9
Pain and pleasure.
痛苦與快樂。
10
Maybe the two most important forces that guide our survival are pain and pleasure.
或許引導我們生存的兩種最重要的力量就是痛苦和快樂。
11
Pain may be the most visceral physical experience.
疼痛或許是最直觀的生理體驗。
12
A claw ripping your flesh, a bone cracking, eating your soul.
利爪撕裂你的血肉，骨骼碎裂，吞噬你的靈魂。
13
Pain can be scary and unbearable.
疼痛可能令人恐懼且難以忍受。
14
It's the strongest signal our bodies have to make us avoid harm.
這是我們身體發出的最強烈訊號，促使我們避開傷害。
15
high fat, having sex, or opening another booster pack with your friends.
高脂肪飲食、發生性行為，或是和朋友一起開另一包補充包。
16
Anything that makes you feel pleasure makes you want to do it again.
任何能讓你感到愉悅的事情都會讓你想要再次去做。
17
These two opposing forces guide you through life.
這兩股對立的力量引導著你走過人生。
18
Pain shouts "Stop, this is bad !" "Pleasure, cheers !" "More, do that again !" But while they are opposites, they're also linked.
痛苦會大喊：“停下，這太糟了！”而快樂會歡呼：“太棒了！再來一次！”它們雖是對立的，卻又彼此關聯。
19
Sometimes our body needs to end pain and create pleasure at the same time.
有時我們的身體需要同時結束痛苦併產生愉悅感。
20
After giving birth, pain gets toned down and the with a newborn child.
分娩後，疼痛感會逐漸減輕，產婦會開始照顧新生兒。
21
During an intense hunt, the hunter forgets the physical exhaustion and minor injuries.
在一場激烈的狩獵過程中，獵人忘記了身體的疲憊和輕微的傷痛。
22
Both are technically not great experiences, but need to be repeated for our survival.
從技術層面來說，這兩種體驗都算不上好，但為了生存我們必須反覆經歷。
23
And Nietzsche invented a powerful mechanism to achieve this.
尼采發明了一套強有力的機制來實現這一目標。
24
The mighty opioid receptor.
強大的阿片受體。
25
It's like a keyhole on the neurons that control pain and pleasure.
這就像控制疼痛和愉悅感的神經元上的一個鎖孔。
26
If activated, it reduces pain and how much you care about pain, and it creates pleasure and good feelings.
如果被啟用，它會減輕疼痛，降低你對疼痛的在意程度，同時產生愉悅感和良好的情緒。
27
The details are complex and not relevant for this story.
其中的細節很複雜，與這個故事無關。
28
What you need to know is that any molecule
你需要知道的是，任何分子
29
that can fit into an opioid receptor like a key is called an opioid.
能夠像鑰匙一樣嵌入阿片受體的物質被稱為阿片類物質。
30
Opioids are extremely powerful, so when your body uses natural opioids like endorphins when you laugh, it releases only a tiny amount exactly where they're needed.
阿片類藥物的效力極強，所以當你大笑時身體會使用內啡肽這類天然阿片物質，此時身體只會在需要的位置釋放極少量的這類物質。
31
So the effects are mild and localized.
所以這些影響是輕微且區域性的。
32
Your sprained ankle feels better, a painful memory subsides, you get a boost of happiness meeting an old friend.
你扭傷的腳踝感覺好些了，一段痛苦的回憶漸漸淡去，與老友重逢讓你幸福感倍增。
33
And now we're getting to drugs.
現在我們來談談藥物相關的話題。
34
and to relieve patients that are in immense pain.
並緩解處於劇烈疼痛中的患者的痛苦。
35
Codeine, OxyContin, Vicodin, and of course, heroin and the worst of all, fentanyl.
可待因、奧施康定、維柯丁，當然還有海洛因，以及最致命的芬太尼。
36
Before we can explain why fentanyl is the most garbage drug, we need to do something fun.
在我們解釋為什麼芬太尼是最糟糕的毒品之前，我們需要先做一些有趣的事情。
37
Let's inject some heroin together.
我們一起注射海洛因吧。
38
Ready?
準備好了嗎？
39
The Supernova of Pleasure.
愉悅超新星。
40
Heroin rushes through your entire body and flips every opioid receptor it finds.
海洛因會迅速流遍全身，啟用它所遇到的每一個阿片受體。
41
A rapid cascade of things happens everywhere all at once.
一連串事件在各地同時迅速接連發生。
42
A symphony of intense sensations.
一場濃烈感官體驗的交響盛宴。
43
Every cell regulating pleasure is now high.
每一個負責調節愉悅感的細胞此刻都處於高度活躍狀態。
44
Without their control, floodgates of happy hormones open and fill you up top to bottom with pure bliss.
一旦失去控制，快樂激素的閘門就會開啟，讓你從頭到腳都充滿純粹的幸福感。
45
A cup of coffee, a nectar of joy.
一杯咖啡，是喜悅的甘露。
46
symphony, a cuddle, pure love from the center of the universe.
交響樂，一次擁抱，來自宇宙中心的純粹之愛。
47
Wherever you felt pain before, from wounds or aching joints or menstrual cramps or loneliness or self -loathing, it's gone now.
無論你之前哪裡感到疼痛，無論是傷口、關節痠痛、痛經、孤獨還是自我厭惡帶來的痛苦，現在都已經消失了。
48
You are simply unable to feel pain or care about it anymore.
你已經完全感受不到痛苦，也不再在意它了。
49
Like dimming the lights in a cozy room, your brain's alert system is put to sleep and you feel at ease, warm and serene.
就像調暗舒適房間裡的燈光一樣，你大腦的警覺系統會進入休眠狀態，你會感到放鬆、溫暖而又寧靜。
50
Any stress melts You are no longer worried or tense about anything.
所有壓力都煙消雲散，你不再為任何事感到擔憂或緊張。
51
This peace even spreads to your essential organs, slowing your breath, soothing and slowing your intestines.
這種平靜甚至會蔓延到你的重要器官，減緩呼吸，舒緩並調節腸道蠕動。
52
Your chest rises and falls like the gentle waves of a quiet shore.
你的胸膛起伏著，如同靜謐海岸的柔波。
53
You are sailing a sea of calm and happiness that feels perfect and eternal.
你正航行在一片寧靜與幸福的海洋上，那種感覺完美而永恆。
54
The full load of a strong opioid like heroin for the
像海洛因這類強效阿片類藥物的全劑量使用會導致
55
very first time is one of the most amazing feelings humans can experience.
第一次的體驗是人類所能感受到的最奇妙的感受之一。
56
For a few hours, you're in heaven.
有那麼幾個小時，你彷彿置身天堂。
57
And this is exactly the problem.
而這恰恰就是問題所在。
58
Your brain is not equipped to handle anything like it.
你的大腦根本無法處理這類事情。
59
You feel too good.
你感覺好極了。
60
But nothing lasts forever, And now you're in trouble.
但沒有什麼是永恆的，而現在你陷入了困境。
61
You just experienced the best feeling you ever felt.
你剛剛體驗到了有生以來最美好的感覺。
62
Your brain's reward center is completely fried and can't comprehend what happened.
你大腦的獎賞中樞已經徹底崩潰，根本無法理解發生了什麼。
63
If what you did felt this good, it has to be amazing for your survival and you should do it again.
如果你做某件事時感覺如此愉悅，那它必然對你的生存大有裨益，你應該再去做。
64
Except, you can never ever feel this good again.
只是，你再也不可能體會到這種極致的美好了。
65
This will be your peak life moment forever.
這將永遠成為你人生中的巔峰時刻。
66
You may forever chase this feeling you had this very first time, and now you're back in the regular world.
你可能會永遠追逐第一次體驗到的那種感覺，而現在你又回到了平常的生活裡。
67
with your insecurities, where your knee hurts, regular tasting coffee and having to work hard for happy hormones.
帶著你的不安、膝蓋疼痛、日常品嚐咖啡，以及為了獲得快樂激素而不得不努力奮鬥的狀態。
68
Comparison is the thief of joy, and now you have your life to compare to a supernova of bliss.
攀比是偷走快樂的賊，而如今你卻要拿自己的人生去和一段如超新星爆發般的極致幸福相比。
69
The indescribable feeling comes with a damage to your sense of life and self that may be irreparable.
那種難以言喻的感受，伴隨著對你生命感知和自我認知的傷害，而這種傷害或許是無法挽回的。
70
And this is not even the worst.
這還不是最糟糕的。
71
Opioids are incredibly addictive.
阿片類藥物的成癮性極強。
72
and the addiction among the worst you can have.
而這種成癮是你可能染上的最嚴重的癮之一。
73
The supernova of pain.
痛苦的超新星爆發。
74
Once you've taken opioids a few times, your brain has had enough.
一旦你服用過幾次阿片類藥物，你的大腦就已經產生了依賴性。
75
The cells controlling pain and pleasure are constantly high and drowsy.
控制疼痛和愉悅感的細胞一直處於高度活躍且遲鈍的狀態。
76
so it boosts them and makes them hyperactive.
所以它會刺激它們，讓它們變得過度活躍。
77
This happens very fast, sometimes after a few days of use.
這種情況發生得非常快，有時在使用幾天後就會出現。
78
you've developed an opioid tolerance, toning down all the nice effects you're doing the drugs to achieve.
你已經對阿片類藥物產生了耐受性，所有你用藥想要獲得的愉悅效果都在減弱。
79
To feel like before, you'll need way higher doses.
要找回以前的感覺，你需要高得多的劑量。
80
Now you're at a crossroads Quit and have your system go back to normal fairly quickly, or keep going and take more.
現在你正處在一個十字路口：要麼退出，讓你的系統很快恢復正常，要麼繼續執行，承擔更多風險。
81
You take the wrong turn.
你拐錯彎了。
82
Over the next few weeks your brain keeps pushing back and you keep taking more.
接下來的幾週裡，你的大腦不斷髮出抗拒訊號，而你卻不斷攝入更多。
83
The effects are not quite what they were, but still mildly nice.
效果雖然不如以前了，但還是還算不錯。
84
Until one day you can't get opioids and realize your body is now your enemy.
直到有一天你再也無法獲取阿片類藥物，才意識到自己的身體已經成了敵人。
85
Your systems are so hyperactive that they make you feel the opposite of what the drug was doing.
你的身體系統變得極度活躍，產生的感受與藥物原本的作用完全相反。
86
Welcome to withdrawal.
歡迎來到戒斷狀態。
87
It all starts with a creeping unease.
一切都始於一種悄然蔓延的不安感。
88
tasteless, your favorite song lame, your loved ones distant.
索然無味，你最愛的歌也變得難聽，你在乎的人也變得疏遠。
89
A storm of negative emotions shatters your sea of calm.
負面情緒的風暴擊碎了你內心的平靜之海。
90
Serenity is replaced by anxiety and angst, like something terrible is imminent.
寧靜被焦慮與不安取代，彷彿有什麼可怕的事情即將發生。
91
Your worries, insecurities and all the fears you suppressed aren't just back but amplified into an existential crisis.
你的那些擔憂、不安以及所有被你壓抑的恐懼，不僅捲土重來，還被放大成了一場存在主義危機。
92
You're so restless you can't sit still.
你坐立難安，靜不下來。
93
Your heart hyperventilate.
你的心臟會過度跳動。
94
Your pain circuits are now over sensitive so your bones and muscles ache and hurt for no reason.
你的疼痛迴路現在變得過度敏感，導致你的骨骼和肌肉無緣無故地痠痛和疼痛。
95
Old wounds, physical and mental, torture you.
那些舊傷，無論是身體上的還是心靈上的，都在折磨著你。
96
You have belly cramps and diarrhea and have to vomit.
你腹部絞痛、腹瀉，還想吐。
97
You're too agitated to rest.
你太煩躁了，根本靜不下來休息。
98
A war inside your body that you can't escape.
一場你無法逃脫的體內之戰。
99
And of course, there's the craving, screaming for you to make it stop.
當然，還有那種強烈的渴望，在你腦海裡尖叫著要你停止這種煎熬。
100
Your mind and body beg for a hit.
你的身心都在渴望來上一口。
101
You can be in this state for up to two weeks or make it stop right away.
你可以保持這種狀態長達兩週，也可以讓它立即停止。
102
Okay, so why not just take heroin forever and feel amazing always?
好吧，那為什麼不一直吸食海洛因，永遠保持那種極度愉悅的感覺呢？
103
effects like euphoria faster than to the bad ones like dangerously slow breathing.
產生欣快感的速度要快於出現危險呼吸減慢等不良反應的速度。
104
So it turns from touching the love center of the universe to mostly drowsy numbness and relief from withdrawal.
於是，它從觸動宇宙的愛之中心，逐漸轉變為大多是昏沉的麻木感，以及戒斷反應帶來的解脫感。
105
Now you don't take opiates to get to heaven, but to avoid hell.
如今你服用阿片類藥物不是為了進入天堂，而是為了躲避地獄。
106
You're in a prison of your mind and body, unable to connect with all the things that could actually make you feel good.
你被困在自己身心的牢籠裡，無法與那些真正能讓你感到愉悅的事物產生聯結。
107
Opioid addiction is brutal and extremely hard to escape.
阿片類藥物成癮極其殘酷，而且極難戒除。
108
It should be pretty clear that you need to be extremely careful with any opioids, and if you have the chance to do it for fun, just don't.
很顯然，使用任何阿片類藥物都需要極其謹慎，如果你有機會嘗試用來找樂子，千萬不要這麼做。
109
There's a very real risk that your life might just be over, and that you'll go through hell.
你真的有可能這輩子就這麼毀了，然後受盡折磨。
110
Now that we've seen the heaven and hell of heroin, we can get to fentanyl, the garbage drug.
既然我們已經瞭解過海洛因的天堂與地獄，現在就可以來談談芬太尼這種垃圾毒品。
111
Fentanyl is really garbage heroin.
芬太尼實際上是劣質海洛因。
112
Everything we just described is true in different intensities for most opioids.
我們剛才描述的所有情況，對於大多數阿片類藥物來說，只是在程度上有所不同。
113
They can be great, all of them can be hell.
它們可能都很棒，也可能都糟糕透頂。
114
Heroin is just sort of the strongest, except it isn't.
海洛因算是最強的一種，但其實也不盡然。
115
Fentanyl is around 50 times more potent than heroin, but that doesn't mean 50 times more amazing, quite the opposite.
芬太尼的效力是海洛因的約50倍，但這並不意味著它有50倍的驚人效果，恰恰相反。
116
Fentanyl is extremely good at crossing the blood -brain barrier, the firewall that protects your brain from harmful substances.
芬太尼非常擅長穿越血腦屏障，這是一道保護大腦免受有害物質侵害的防火牆。
117
It enters your brain so easily that you get from zero to extremely high almost instantly.
它能輕而易舉地進入你的大腦，讓你幾乎瞬間就從毫無感覺飆升到極度興奮的狀態。
118
But just as fast as it enters, it leaves again.
但它進入的速度和離開的速度一樣快。
119
hours.
小時。
120
One from fentanyl can fade in minutes.
芬太尼的效果可能在幾分鐘內消失。
121
Fentanyl doesn't feel as good as heroin.
芬太尼的感覺沒有海洛因好。
122
Instead of a supernova of bliss, you mostly get the black hole of nodding away.
你感受到的大多是昏昏欲睡的黑洞，而非狂喜爆發的超新星。
123
But it comes with all the withdrawal symptoms.
但它也會帶來所有戒斷反應。
124
As a bonus, because fentanyl acts so quickly on your brain, it fries your reward center even more, making it even more addictive than heroin.
作為額外獎勵，由於芬太尼對大腦的作用非常迅速，它會進一步損害你的獎勵中心，使其比海洛因更具成癮性。
125
And since you only need so little of it, it's super easy to overdose and die by accident.
而且由於它的用量極少，一不小心就很容易過量致死。
126
It's by far.
這是目前為止最棒的。
127
Between 2013 and 2023, it killed about 400 ,000 Americans.
在2013年至2023年間，它導致約40萬美國人死亡。
128
Fentanyl really is garbage heroin.
芬太尼真的是劣質海洛因。
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Too dangerous, too intense, too addictive, too little fun.
太危險、太刺激、太容易上癮，卻又太沒樂趣。
130
But then why are so many people taking it?
但既然如此，為什麼還有這麼多人服用它呢？
131
Well, actually, nobody wants to.
其實，沒人想這麼做。
132
Fentanyl is not for users, it's for dealers.
芬太尼不是給使用者的，是給販毒者的。
133
The house always wins.
莊家永遠贏。
134
Fentanyl is a drug dealer's dream.
芬太尼是毒販的夢想。
135
One truckload could supply the entire US for one year.
一卡車的供應量就足以滿足全美國一整年的需求。
136
It's cheap to make and easy to smuggle.
它製造成本低廉，而且易於走私。
137
Heroin needs plants and fields and way more space.
海洛因的生產需要種植植物、佔用田地，而且需要大得多的空間。
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So garbage fentanyl just took over the heroin supply.
垃圾芬太尼剛剛接管了海洛因供應。
139
It might have seemed great for heroin addicts at first, and then its trap snapped closed.
起初這對海洛因成癮者來說似乎是件好事，但隨後它的陷阱就猛地收攏了。
140
While some people may seek out fentanyl specifically, several studies have found that most opioid users try to avoid it.
雖然有些人可能專門尋找芬太尼，但幾項研究發現，大多數阿片類藥物使用者會盡量避免使用它。
141
Even worse, a lot of people who die from fentanyl don't take it willingly.
更糟糕的是，很多死於芬太尼的人並不是自願服用的。
142
Dealers want people to come back for their product, and by adding a tiny trace of fentanyl to any drug, they can make it more addictive.
經銷商希望人們回購他們的產品，通過在任何藥物中新增微量芬太尼，他們可以使其更具上癮性。
143
Even if people don't realize they took an opioid, they'll feel its effects.
即使人們沒有意識到自己服用了阿片類藥物，他們也會感受到它的作用。
144
started to mix all kinds of drugs with fentanyl, turning the entire US drug market into a minefield where any trip can be your last.
開始將各種毒品與芬太尼混合，把整個美國毒品市場變成了一個雷區，任何一次吸毒都可能成為最後一次。
145
Because way too often, they put a bit too much in their mixes.
因為他們經常在混音里加得有點太多了。
146
In 2022, the combination with pills, often counterfeit oxycodone, and benzodiazepines, accounted for about 20 % of all fentanyl deaths.
在2022年，藥物組合，包括常見的假冒羥考酮和苯二氮卓類藥物，約佔所有芬太尼死亡人數的20%。
147
In 2023, the US authorities seized 115 million you About half of fentanyl overdoses came where you expected the least,
在2023年，美國當局查獲了1.15億劑芬太尼，約一半的芬太尼過量死亡發生在你最意想不到的地方。
148
from stimulants like cocaine and meth.
來自可卡因和冰毒等興奮劑。
149
A lot of people may have taken these mixes on purpose, but many others just wanted to party and weren't ready for an opioid surprise.
很多人可能是故意服用這些混合藥物，但也有許多人只是想參加派對，根本沒料到會意外攝入阿片類藥物。
150
This is especially dangerous because if you've never tried opioids, you can overdose very easily.
這一點尤其危險，因為如果你從未嘗試過阿片類藥物，很容易用藥過量。
151
Fentanyl really has no upsides outside medical use.
芬太尼在醫療用途之外確實沒有任何好處。
152
For dealers and cartels, it means easy profit.
對毒販和販毒集團而言，這意味著唾手可得的利潤。
153
For users, it means a worse opioid addiction and a worse life.
對使用者而言，這意味著更嚴重的阿片類藥物成癮和更糟糕的生活。
154
For people who would never ever try it, it can be a death sentence they didn't see coming.
對於那些從未嘗試過這種東西的人來說，它可能會成為他們始料未及的致命威脅。
155
No matter how alluring they are, using opioids even in safe settings is playing with fire on the best of days.
無論阿片類藥物多麼誘人，即便是在最安全的環境下使用，在最好的情況下也如同玩火。
156
Fentanyl is a garbage drug that turns this fire into a raging furnace, increasing the risk of death massively.
芬太尼是一種垃圾藥物，它將這場火焰變成了一個狂熱的熔爐，大大增加了死亡的風險。
157
There's really only one conclusion to draw here.
這裡其實只能得出一個結論。
158
If you have the choice, Don't step into the supernova of pleasure.
如果可以選擇，別踏入那片歡愉的超新星。
159
Because the danger of it turning into a supernova of pain is just too high.
因為它演變成一場痛苦超新星爆發的風險實在太高了。
160
Getting to the root of an issue requires looking at all sides and thinking critically about the information we consume.
要找到問題的根源，需要我們全面審視各個方面，並對我們獲取的資訊進行批判性思考。
161
In today's world, this can be difficult.
在當今世界，這可能並非易事。
162
This is why Ground News is such an important tool today.
正因如此，Ground News 如今才成為一款如此重要的工具。
163
We believe in their mission and are proud to have them sponsor this video.
我們認同他們的使命，也很榮幸能由他們贊助本期影片。
164
In a nutshell, the app and website combined the world's news in one place so we can do just that.
簡而言之，這款應用和網站將全球新聞整合到一個平臺，讓我們能夠做到這一點。
165
Taylor reporting on a US bill about harder punishments for fentanyl smugglers.
泰勒報道了一項關於對芬太尼走私者加重懲罰的美國法案。
166
Fewer than 75 sources worldwide reported on the story, but the headlines were quite different.
全球範圍內報道這則新聞的訊息來源不足75個，但它們的標題卻大相逕庭。
167
Other sources praised the step and said it could end the crisis.
其他訊息來源對這一舉措表示讚賞，並表示此舉可能結束危機。
168
And some media outlets asked if the smugglers are really the problem, and if policy makers shouldn't focus on the problem of demand in the US itself.
一些媒體質疑，真正的問題是否在於走私者，決策者是否應該把重點放在美國自身的需求問題上。
169
The interesting thing is that no government -funded sources are covering the topic.
有意思的是，沒有任何政府資助的媒體在報道這個話題。
170
Reading the news this way lets you compare different sides and the context of a story in one place, so you can analyze the information for yourself.
以這種方式閱讀新聞，你可以在同一個地方對比不同立場和報道背景，從而自行分析資訊。
171
You get a sense of different perspectives and can hold yourself accountable to avoid information bubbles and confirmation bias.
你能接觸到不同的觀點，並且會主動要求自己避免陷入資訊繭房和確認偏誤。
172
That's actually what drew us and our founder Philip to Ground News in the first place.
這實際上就是最初吸引我們和我們的創始人Philip加入Ground News的原因。
173
Go to ground .news /kin or scan the QR code to check it out.
請訪問ground.news/kin或掃描二維碼檢視。
174
Our link saves you 40 % off their unlimited access Vantage subscription.
我們的連結可為您提供Vantage無限訪問訂閱40%的折扣。
175
Just like us, Ground News is funded through their subscribers.
和我們一樣，Ground News 的資金來源於訂閱使用者。
176
By subscribing to them, you're accessing context that is now more important than ever, supporting our channel.
訂閱他們的內容，你就能獲取當下比以往任何時候都更重要的資訊，同時也能支援我們的頻道。
177
Sign up through this QR code or our link below to get the tools to think for yourself.
通過此二維碼或下方連結註冊，即可獲得幫助你獨立思考的工具。
178
If you also want to support us, come join our Patreon flock.
如果你也想支援我們，歡迎加入我們的Patreon社群。
179
In return, you'll receive perks like your own Kurzgesagt book, exclusive behind -the -scenes insights into our work, or sneak peeks of our next topics.
作為回報，您將獲得專屬福利，比如我們的Kurzgesagt書籍、獨家的幕後創作揭秘，或是下一期主題的搶先預覽。
180
Become a patron, become a part of Kurzgesagt, and help us provide trustworthy science content on the internet.
成為贊助者，加入Kurzgesagt的一員，助力我們在網際網路上提供值得信賴的科學內容。
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節 C2 級別的口語課以影片“Why Does Fentanyl Feel So Good?”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：fentanyl, opioid, heroin, pain, drug。 這段影片共有 180 個句子、2248 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 14:42。 說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 153 個詞，接近日常對話。 只有 81% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| fentanyl 名詞 | /ˈfɛn.tə.nɑl/ | 芬太尼 |
| opioid 名詞 | /ˈəʊpiɔɪd/ | 鴉片劑 /鴉片劑 |
| heroine 名詞 | /ˈhɪɹoʊɪn/ | 女英雄, 女主角 |
| supernova 名詞 | /ˌsuː.pə(ɹ)ˈnəʊ.və/ | 超新星 |
| addictive 形容詞 | /əˈdɪktɪv/ | 使人成癮的 /使人成癮的 |
| bliss 名詞 | /blɪs/ | 極樂 /極樂, 喜悅 /喜悅 |
| receptor 名詞 | /ɹɪˈsɛp.tə/ | 受體 /受體 |
| withdrawal 名詞 | /wɪðˈdɹɔ(ə)l/ | 退出, 撤退 |
| cramp 名詞 | /kɹæmp/ | 抽筋(兒) /抽筋 |
| drowsy 形容詞 | /ˈdɹaʊzi/ | 想睡, 昏昏欲睡 |
| smuggler 名詞 | /ˈsmʌɡ.lə(ɹ)/ | 走私者, 走私販 /走私販 |
| overdose 名詞 | /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/ | 藥劑過量 /藥劑過量, 用藥過量 /用藥過量 |
| addict 名詞 | /ˈæd.ɪkt/ | 上癮的人 /上癮的人 |
| symphony 名詞 | /ˈsɪm.fə.ni/ | 交響曲 /交響曲 |
| hormone 名詞 | /ˈhoɹmoʊn/ | 激素, 荷爾蒙 /荷爾蒙 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| go through 動詞 | 通過 /通過 |
| sign up 動詞 | 報名 /報名, 註冊 /註冊 |
| take over 動詞 | 接管, 接手 |
值得反覆跟讀的句子
影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：
- Let's inject some heroin together.
- For a few hours, you're in heaven.
- To feel like before, you'll need way higher doses.
- You're so restless you can't sit still.
- You're too agitated to rest.
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | be repeated · is called · is put |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | you've taken · you've developed · we've seen |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | people who die · people who would |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 36 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 you're, don't, can't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: withdrawal /wɪðˈdɹɔ(ə)l/, trustworthy /ˈtɹʌst.wɜː.ði/, thief /ˈθiːf/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: subscription /səbˈskɹɪpʃən/, shout /ʃaʊt/, confirmation /ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: supernova /ˌsuː.pə(ɹ)ˈnəʊ.və/, hyperactive /ˌhaɪpəɹˈæk.tɪv/, benzodiazepine /ˌbɛnzoʊdaɪˈæzɪpiːn/, euphoria /juˈfo.ɹi.ə/, diarrhea /ˌdaɪ.əˈɹiː.ə/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: supernova /ˌsuː.pə(ɹ)ˈnəʊ.və/, addictive /əˈdɪktɪv/, hyperactive /ˌhaɪpəɹˈæk.tɪv/, overdose /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/, massively /ˈmæs.ɪv.li/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: opioid /ˈəʊpiɔɪd/, addictive /əˈdɪktɪv/, bliss /blɪs/, cramp /kɹæmp/, hyperactive /ˌhaɪpəɹˈæk.tɪv/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: withdrawal /wɪðˈdɹɔ(ə)l/, smuggler /ˈsmʌɡ.lə(ɹ)/, cartel /kɑɹˈtɛl/, restless /ˈɹɛstlɪs/, relieve /ɹɪˈliːv/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 fentanyl, opioid, heroine 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。