跟讀練習: Why is it so Easy to be Thin in Japan? - 通過影片學習英語口語
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If you've ever been to Japan, you may have noticed that it's really hard to find an obese Japanese person.
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In the United States, it's quite a different story.
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The rate of obesity among adults in America is on average around 30%, whereas the Japan obesity rate is only 3 .5%.
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But what makes the weight of people in these two countries so different?
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Why Japanese people?
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At first, I was thinking about things like Japanese people drink a lot of green tea,
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and they get a decent amount of fermented foods like kimchi or natto, which is great for the gut microbiome.
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But in this video, I want to focus on a very simple yet key point about Japan.
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The food environment is drastically different from the U .S.
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As of 2017, there's over 243 ,000 fast food establishments in America.
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There's only 6 ,169 establishments in Japan, meaning per person, there's about 15 times more fast food restaurants in America.
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Then again, in Japan, fast food, fried food, chips, chocolate, candy, soda, and not -so -healthy things are still available wherever you go.
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But there's a huge variety of equally convenient, reasonably healthy food.
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Let's say I'm the average busy person in the States who would like to be healthy, but doesn't have time to cook at home.
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What's for breakfast?
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Most people's options are limited to things like a McGriddle with hash browns and coffee,
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or maybe an egg and processed cheese sandwich with tater tots at Dunkin' Donuts, or some pancakes at Denny's if you have more time.
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Surely some people will have healthier options than that, but I'm trying to think of what most people are going to have access to.
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So what's a quick breakfast in Japan?
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While there's more than 6 ,000 fast food establishments in Japan, there's also 5 ,000 rice bowl establishments.
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The big ones are Yoshinoya, Sukiya, and Matsuya.
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And for $4 at Sukiya, for breakfast you can get plain rice, miso soup with seaweed, an egg,
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baked fish, and a small potato salad comes with it.
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If I'm extra hungry, maybe I'll add some kimchi, fermented soybeans, and stewed beef for $4.
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Or you can put together a reasonably healthy meal from a convenience store.
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At a Japanese convenience store, I can get a rice ball, which is just rice, salmon, and salt, a small salad, or a package of sushi,
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or a thing of fish with miso, or some soup.
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I was pretty impressed with how little junk is in this.
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It's basically just vegetables, pork, and fish broth.
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And there's a bunch of foods like this.
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Here's what I can get for under $10 USD.
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Compare this to what's available in American convenience stores.
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They're usually limited to fried foods sitting under heat lamps, or foods loaded with trans fats, sugar, preservatives, and unhealthy additives.
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If you're lucky, you might be able to get a package of plain nuts with nothing added.
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So the items in Japanese convenience stores are not top quality health foods, but they're not bad.
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This is big because practically everyone has access to these places.
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Convenience stores like these are everywhere.
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Japan has about 55 ,000 convenience stores, meaning there's about 10 times more convenience stores per square kilometer better in Japan compared to America.
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For most, these places are in walking distance.
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I understand that of course there are healthy restaurants here
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and there in America and you can make a really healthy meal with ingredients from the supermarket.
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But when it comes to cheap, convenient and quick food, it's almost always quite unhealthy.
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In Japan, for a quick lunch I can go to Burger King or right next door I can get some sushi.
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I can get a hamburger and some popcorn at Vandalism Cafe,
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or I can go next door to Matsuya and get a bowl of spicy tofu soup with a bit of beef,
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green onion and cabbage, some pork, a soft boiled egg, some mustard spinach, rice, and there's free pickled ginger to go with it.
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And of course, there are many healthier non -chain places that offer many different types of cuisine.
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And this variety is important.
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It's going to be much easier to stick to healthier options
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if you aren't getting bored of having to eat the same things at the same places over and over.
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Even if you're going out to drink with friends at dinner time, there's still a variety of good food choices.
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The standard place to drink at is an izakaya.
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At 10 ,000 establishments, there's almost twice as many izakayas as there are fast food places in Japan.
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Replacing fast food for alcohol is not a good strategy, but let's see what the common izakaya chains have to offer in the way of food.
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Let me point out one more time that there's of course much better quality food than what you get at convenience stores,
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rice bowl chains, or izakayas, and this is not what most Japanese people eat on a daily basis.
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I'm not really recommending these places either, most Japanese people wouldn't think of these places as healthy.
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But This isn't about optimal health, I just mean to point out
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that even someone who puts minimal effort into being healthy can get some reasonable quality meals out of these very convenient places.
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By the way, what's everyone drinking with and between meals?
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In America, more often than not, it's soda, considering a survey of 80 countries found
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that America comes in at rank number 1 for soda consumption at 170 liters purchased per person in 2011.
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7 -Eleven Japan came in at rank 56, at 32 liters per person.
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In Japan, most places serve tea with your meal for free, and in general it's harder to purchase massive quantities of soda.
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There's no comically large big gulps at 7 -Eleven, I haven't seen these packs of soda here,
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and Japan has the smallest large cup size at McDonald's.
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An American medium -sized drink is bigger than a Japanese large charge.
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Another factor to thank for keeping people's soda intake low is again, variety.
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What's interesting is despite
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Japan drinking 5 times less soda than America, soda is available in vending machines everywhere in Japan.
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There's 5 .52 million vending machines, meaning there's a vending machine for every 23 people in Japan.
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That's the highest vending machine per capita on the planet.
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So what's in these vending machines?
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Why don't we take a look at this vending machine
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I came across on the side of the road in the middle of nowhere in Hakone.
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Among other things, they have black coffee, six different types of unsweetened tea, and water.
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A typical American vending machine offers 13 varieties of drink, the only non -sweet one being water.
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So, convenience and variety.
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Simple, but it makes a difference.
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It's easier to pick the healthy choices when they are just as easy and convenient as the unhealthier choices.
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Now, this is by no means the full story on Japan and health, but I think these are two key factors.
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I'll be doing another video on some of the many other things that contribute to health in Japan,
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so if there's a particular point you want to hear discussed, leave a comment below.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“Why is it so Easy to be Thin in Japan?”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：Japan, healthy, convenience, soda, Japanese。 這段影片共有 59 個句子、1188 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 6:55。 說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 172 個詞，接近日常對話。 只有 80% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| convenience 名詞 | /kənˈvinjəns/ | 方便, 便利 |
| soda 名詞 | /ˈsoʊdə/ | 蘇打 /蘇打, 碳酸鈉 /碳酸鈉 |
| meal 名詞 | /ˈmiːl/ | 餐, 飯 /飯 |
| establishment 名詞 | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/ | 建立, 設立 /設立 |
| convenient 形容詞 | /kənˈviː.niənt/ | 方便 |
| soup 名詞 | /sup/ | 湯 /湯 |
| package 名詞 | /ˈpæk.ɪd͡ʒ/ | 包裹, 包 |
| compare 動詞 | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | 比, 比較 /比較 |
| plain 名詞 | /pleɪn/ | 平原, 平野 |
| salad 名詞 | /ˈsæl.əd/ | 色拉, 沙拉 |
| reasonably 副詞 | /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/ | 合理的 |
| fry 動詞 | /fɹaɪ/ | 煎, 炒 |
| obesity 名詞 | /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/ | 肥胖, 肥胖症 |
| sushi 名詞 | /ˈsuːʃi/ | 壽司 /壽司, 日本壽司 /日本壽司 |
| hungry 形容詞 | /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/ | 飢餓 /飢餓, 餓 /餓 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| point out 動詞 | 指, 指出 |
| put together 動詞 | 拼合, 組合 /組合 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | natto, which is · ball, which is · someone who puts |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | you've ever been · haven't seen |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 17 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I'm, I'll, they're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/, broth /bɹɔθ/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, sushi /ˈsuːʃi/, translation /tɹænzˈleɪʃən/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, reasonably /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/, obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/, supermarket /ˌsupɚˈmɑɹkət/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: convenience /kənˈvinjəns/, convenient /kənˈviː.niənt/, wherever /(h)wɛɹˈɛvɚ/, eleven /əˈlɛv.ən/, vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: convenience /kənˈvinjəns/, establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, convenient /kənˈviː.niənt/, soup /sup/, package /ˈpæk.ɪd͡ʒ/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: reasonably /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/, translation /tɹænzˈleɪʃən/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 convenience, soda, meal 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。