跟读练习: What is AL amyloidosis? - 通过视频学习英语口语
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27 句
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Amyloidosis is the term used to describe a group of diseases in
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which deposits of an abnormal protein called amyloid form in tissues and organs throughout the body.
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Proteins are important molecules involved in almost every structure and function within our cells.
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They are made up of chains of smaller units called amino acids which fold themselves into three -dimensional structures.
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Folding allows the protein to work properly and interact with other molecules.
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In amyloidosis proteins are made in the normal way but when they are released from the cell they open up again.
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These abnormally folded proteins collect together in long chains or fibrils.
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The deposits they form are called amyloid.
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Amyloid fibrils are difficult to break down and as they accumulate, they start to cause damage.
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Eventually the build -up of amyloid fibrils stops the affected tissue from working properly.
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AL amyloidosis is caused by a bone marrow disorder.
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The bone marrow produces blood cells, including plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that forms part of the immune system.
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Plasma The cells make antibodies to help fight infection.
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Each antibody is made up of four protein chains, two heavy chains and two light chains, which attach to each other to form the complete antibody.
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In AL amyloidosis, the abnormal protein that builds up and causes problems is the antibody light chain,
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hence the name, AL amyloidosis.
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Instead of attaching to heavy chains, the abnormal light chains open up and bind to other abnormal light chains to form amyloid fibrils.
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These gradually build up over time.
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Amyloid light chain fibrils can occur almost anywhere in the body, but the organs most commonly affected include the kidneys,
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the heart, liver, spleen, nerves and the digestive system.
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Treatment for AL amyloidosis involves chemotherapy, steroids, high -dose therapy and stem cell transplant and other drugs.
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Treatment is aimed at reducing the plasma cells to stop further amyloid light chains being made
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that would otherwise build up in tissues and organs.
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It also gives the body a chance to break down existing deposits naturally.
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However, on its own, this process can take many months or years.
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New treatments which break down the amyloid deposits more quickly are currently being tested in AL amyloidosis.
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The hope is that they can reduce symptoms and restore function quickly, and in doing so, improve quality of life for patients.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“What is AL amyloidosis?”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：chain, amyloid, cell, amyloidosis, protein。 这段视频共有 27 个句子、394 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 2:58。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 133 个词，很适合跟读。 只有 73% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| deposit 名词 | /dɪˈpɑ.zɪt/ | 沉積 /沉积 |
| abnormal 形容词 | /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/ | 異常 /异常 |
| tissue 名词 | /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ | 纸巾 |
| organ 名词 | /ˈɔːɡən/ | 器官 |
| fold 动词 | /ˈfəʊld/ | 摺 /折, 折疊 /折叠 |
| plasma 名词 | /ˈplæzmə/ | 等離子體 /等离子体 |
| bone 名词 | /boʊn/ | гўдў, гўдўзы |
| attach 动词 | /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ | 附上, 附 |
| molecule 名词 | /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/ | 分子 |
| marrow 名词 | /ˈmæɹəʊ/ | 髓, 骨髓 |
| occur 动词 | /əˈkɜː/ | 發生 /发生 |
| acid 名词 | /ˈæsɪd/ | 酸 |
| commonly 副词 | /ˈkɑmənli/ | 通常 |
| hence 副词 | /ˈhɛns/ | 從這裡 /从这里, 從這兒 /从这儿 |
| collect 动词 | /ˈkɑlɪkt/ | 庋藏, 收藏 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| break down 动词 | 壞了 /坏了, 出故障 |
需要注意的发音
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/, chemotherapy /ˌkiːməʊˈθɛɹəpi/, amyloidosis /æmɪlɔɪˈdəʊsɪs/, antibody /ˈæn.tɪˌbɑ.di/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/, nerve /nɝv/, digestive /daɪˈdʒɛstɪv/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: deposit /dɪˈpɑ.zɪt/, fold /ˈfəʊld/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, acid /ˈæsɪd/, hence /ˈhɛns/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: abnormal /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, gradually /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/, transplant /tɹænzˈplænt/, fibril /ˈfaɪbɹ(ə)l/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 deposit, abnormal, tissue 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。