Prática de Shadowing: What is AL amyloidosis? - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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Amyloidosis is the term used to describe a group of diseases in
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which deposits of an abnormal protein called amyloid form in tissues and organs throughout the body.
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Proteins are important molecules involved in almost every structure and function within our cells.
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They are made up of chains of smaller units called amino acids which fold themselves into three -dimensional structures.
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Folding allows the protein to work properly and interact with other molecules.
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In amyloidosis proteins are made in the normal way but when they are released from the cell they open up again.
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These abnormally folded proteins collect together in long chains or fibrils.
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The deposits they form are called amyloid.
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Amyloid fibrils are difficult to break down and as they accumulate, they start to cause damage.
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Eventually the build -up of amyloid fibrils stops the affected tissue from working properly.
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AL amyloidosis is caused by a bone marrow disorder.
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The bone marrow produces blood cells, including plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that forms part of the immune system.
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Plasma The cells make antibodies to help fight infection.
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Each antibody is made up of four protein chains, two heavy chains and two light chains, which attach to each other to form the complete antibody.
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In AL amyloidosis, the abnormal protein that builds up and causes problems is the antibody light chain,
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hence the name, AL amyloidosis.
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Instead of attaching to heavy chains, the abnormal light chains open up and bind to other abnormal light chains to form amyloid fibrils.
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These gradually build up over time.
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Amyloid light chain fibrils can occur almost anywhere in the body, but the organs most commonly affected include the kidneys,
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the heart, liver, spleen, nerves and the digestive system.
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Treatment for AL amyloidosis involves chemotherapy, steroids, high -dose therapy and stem cell transplant and other drugs.
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Treatment is aimed at reducing the plasma cells to stop further amyloid light chains being made
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that would otherwise build up in tissues and organs.
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It also gives the body a chance to break down existing deposits naturally.
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However, on its own, this process can take many months or years.
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New treatments which break down the amyloid deposits more quickly are currently being tested in AL amyloidosis.
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The hope is that they can reduce symptoms and restore function quickly, and in doing so, improve quality of life for patients.

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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “What is AL amyloidosis?”. As palavras que mais se repetem: chain, amyloid, cell, amyloidosis, protein. Este vídeo tem 27 frases e 394 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 2:58. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 133 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 73% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:

PalavraPronúnciaSignificado
deposit substantivo/dɪˈpɑ.zɪt/depósito
abnormal adjetivo/ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/anormal
tissue substantivo/ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/tecido
organ substantivo/ˈɔːɡən/órgão
fold verbo/ˈfəʊld/dobrar
plasma substantivo/ˈplæzmə/plasma
bone substantivo/boʊn/osso
attach verbo/əˈtæt͡ʃ/anexar
molecule substantivo/ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/molécula
marrow substantivo/ˈmæɹəʊ/medula, tutano
naturally advérbio/ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/naturalmente
occur verbo/əˈkɜː/ocorrer, acontecer
acid substantivo/ˈæsɪd/ácido
commonly advérbio/ˈkɑmənli/comumente
hence advérbio/ˈhɛns/daqui

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

  • Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/
  • Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/, chemotherapy /ˌkiːməʊˈθɛɹəpi/, amyloidosis /æmɪlɔɪˈdəʊsɪs/, antibody /ˈæn.tɪˌbɑ.di/

Sons difíceis para falantes de português:

  • Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: deposit /dɪˈpɑ.zɪt/, fold /ˈfəʊld/, acid /ˈæsɪd/, collect /ˈkɑlɪkt/, interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/
  • /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: molecule /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/, fibril /ˈfaɪbɹ(ə)l/
  • s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: stem /stɛm/, spleen /spliːn/, steroid /ˈstɛɹɔɪd/

Como praticar com este vídeo

  1. Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
  2. Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
  3. Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como deposit, abnormal, tissue.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

Técnica de shadowing: leia o guia completo passo a passo →