Prática de Shadowing: Could Alzheimer's start in our nose? - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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There is a theory that Alzheimer's starts in the nose.
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Now I'm not talking here about the fact that Alzheimer's patients tend to lose their sense of smell, often years before they notice any memory loss.
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I'm talking about the idea that maybe the whole thing just starts because of your nose.
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So the thing you've got to know is
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that your brain is locked away from the rest of your body in like a fortress, right?
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Even your blood can't get into your brain without going past
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some really heavy duty bounces in the form of the blood -brain barrier
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but one of the few areas where it has a connection
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to the outside is through your nose right just behind your eyes sitting behind your nose
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there is like a little bit of your skull
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that is covered in tiny holes through
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which your olfactory nerves will dangle to give you your sense of smell it's a bit like
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if you squished play -doh through a colander anyway to see if
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that was a potential route into the brain for infection a group of scientists they took a bunch of mice
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and then squirted chlamydia up their noses um now it was chlamydia pneumonia
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which is a sort of bacterial cousin of um if the one
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that gives you an sti
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but why let facts get in the way of a good
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sentence anyway to their surprise within 72 hours these mice who just had something put into their nose
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had an infection that traveled up into their brains
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that had then triggered the same kind of inflammatory response and plaques that you see in brains that are riddled with alzheimer's
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Another study was looking at stray dogs in Mexico.
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They took some that had lived around areas with lots of really bad pollution
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and then others that had been living in really rural locations.
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And they found in the dogs from the cities,
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inside of their brain were embedded really tiny little flecks of metals thought to have come from exhausts and braking of cars.
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And each one of those fragments was then surrounded again by the same plaques, same inflammatory responses that you end up seeing in Alzheimer's.
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The latest research has been looking at young children
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and adults who also grew up in really heavily polluted areas and found essentially the same thing.
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Stuff that is theorised to have got into the brain, through the nose, kind of sniffed up from the environment around,
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that is then kind of surrounded by these plaques and inflammatory response that you end up seeing in people decades, decades, decades later who have Alzheimer's.
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So here is the theory.
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Maybe one, the whole thing starts way, way, way, way, way before we thought.
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And two, maybe this isn't just something that goes wrong in your brain.
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Maybe the plaques that cause Alzheimer's are what's left over after your brain has fought off an outside invader.
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Interesting, isn't it?
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Anyway, if you want the full rundown, I've done a new scientist column on it, and you can see it on their website.
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Enjoy.

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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Could Alzheimer's start in our nose?”. As palavras que mais se repetem: brain, nose, plaques, inflammatory, decades. Este vídeo tem 38 frases e 522 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 2:33. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 204 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. 84% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:

PalavraPronúnciaSignificado
inflammatory adjetivo/ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/inflamatório
infection substantivo/ɪnˈfɛkʃən/infecção, infeccionamento
mouse substantivo/maʊs/rato, camundongo
scientist substantivo/ˈsaɪəntəst/cientista
surround verbo/səˈɹaʊnd/contornar, cercar
essentially advérbio/ɪˈsɛnʃəli/em essência, essencialmente
cousin substantivo/ˈkʌz(ə)n/primo, prima
column substantivo/ˈkɒləm/coluna
trigger substantivo/ˈtɹɪɡɚ/gatilho
pollution substantivo/pəˈluʃən/poluição
nerve substantivo/nɝv/nervo
barrier substantivo/ˈbæɹi.ə/barreira
bounce verbo/baʊns/rebater
brake substantivo/bɹeɪk/freio, travão
exhaust verbo/ɪɡˈzɔst/esvaziar

Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir

PalavraSignificado
end up verboterminar, acabar
go past verboUltrapassar um limite, Ir até o limite

Gramática neste vídeo

As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:

EstruturaNo vídeo
Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem fazis locked · is covered · are riddled
Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agorahas fought · I've done

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

O falante usa 7 contrações e formas reduzidas, como I'm, isn't, can't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.

  • Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
  • Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, chlamydia /kləˈmɪd.i.ə/, olfactory /ɑlˈfæk.təɹ.i/

Sons difíceis para falantes de português:

  • Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: plaque /plæk/, scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, surround /səˈɹaʊnd/, brake /bɹeɪk/, exhaust /ɪɡˈzɔst/
  • /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: bacterial [bækˈtɪəɹiəɫ], dangle /ˈdæŋ.ɡəl/, riddle /ˈɹɪdəl/
  • s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: stray /stɹeɪ/, sniff /snɪf/, squirt /skwɝt/

Como praticar com este vídeo

  1. Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
  2. Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
  3. Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como inflammatory, infection, mouse.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

Técnica de shadowing: leia o guia completo passo a passo →