跟讀練習: Could Alzheimer's start in our nose? - 通過影片學習英語口語

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There is a theory that Alzheimer's starts in the nose.

Now I'm not talking here about the fact that Alzheimer's patients tend to lose their sense of smell, often years before they notice any memory loss.

I'm talking about the idea that maybe the whole thing just starts because of your nose.

So the thing you've got to know is

that your brain is locked away from the rest of your body in like a fortress, right?

Even your blood can't get into your brain without going past

some really heavy duty bounces in the form of the blood -brain barrier

but one of the few areas where it has a connection

to the outside is through your nose right just behind your eyes sitting behind your nose

there is like a little bit of your skull

that is covered in tiny holes through

which your olfactory nerves will dangle to give you your sense of smell it's a bit like

if you squished play -doh through a colander anyway to see if

that was a potential route into the brain for infection a group of scientists they took a bunch of mice

and then squirted chlamydia up their noses um now it was chlamydia pneumonia

which is a sort of bacterial cousin of um if the one

that gives you an sti

but why let facts get in the way of a good

sentence anyway to their surprise within 72 hours these mice who just had something put into their nose

had an infection that traveled up into their brains

that had then triggered the same kind of inflammatory response and plaques that you see in brains that are riddled with alzheimer's

Another study was looking at stray dogs in Mexico.

They took some that had lived around areas with lots of really bad pollution

and then others that had been living in really rural locations.

And they found in the dogs from the cities,

inside of their brain were embedded really tiny little flecks of metals thought to have come from exhausts and braking of cars.

And each one of those fragments was then surrounded again by the same plaques, same inflammatory responses that you end up seeing in Alzheimer's.

The latest research has been looking at young children

and adults who also grew up in really heavily polluted areas and found essentially the same thing.

Stuff that is theorised to have got into the brain, through the nose, kind of sniffed up from the environment around,

that is then kind of surrounded by these plaques and inflammatory response that you end up seeing in people decades, decades, decades later who have Alzheimer's.

So here is the theory.

Maybe one, the whole thing starts way, way, way, way, way before we thought.

And two, maybe this isn't just something that goes wrong in your brain.

Maybe the plaques that cause Alzheimer's are what's left over after your brain has fought off an outside invader.

Interesting, isn't it?

Anyway, if you want the full rundown, I've done a new scientist column on it, and you can see it on their website.

Enjoy.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“Could Alzheimer's start in our nose?”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：brain, nose, plaques, inflammatory, decades。這段影片共有 38 個句子、522 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 2:33。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 204 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 84% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
plaque 名詞	/plæk/	匾額 /匾額
inflammatory 形容詞	/ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/	激發性 /激發性
infection 名詞	/ɪnˈfɛkʃən/	傳染 /傳染
mouse 名詞	/maʊs/	лочў, 鳥鼠 /鳥鼠
scientist 名詞	/ˈsaɪəntəst/	科學家 /科學家
surround 動詞	/səˈɹaʊnd/	包圍 /包圍, 圍繞 /圍繞
essentially 副詞	/ɪˈsɛnʃəli/	本質上 /本質上, 基本上
cousin 名詞	/ˈkʌz(ə)n/	堂兄, 堂哥
column 名詞	/ˈkɒləm/	柱子, 柱
trigger 名詞	/ˈtɹɪɡɚ/	扳機 /扳機
pollution 名詞	/pəˈluʃən/	汙染
nerve 名詞	/nɝv/	神經 /神經
barrier 名詞	/ˈbæɹi.ə/	障, 柵欄 /柵欄
brake 名詞	/bɹeɪk/	剎車 /剎車, 制動器 /制動器
exhaust 動詞	/ɪɡˈzɔst/	抽完

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
end up 動詞	到達
go past 動詞	經過 /經過, 路過 /路過

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	is locked · is covered · are riddled
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	has fought · I've done

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 7 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I'm, isn't, can't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
長單詞——注意重音位置: inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, chlamydia /kləˈmɪd.i.ə/, olfactory /ɑlˈfæk.təɹ.i/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: nerve /nɝv/, invader /ɪnˈveɪ.də(ɹ)/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: plaque /plæk/, mouse /maʊs/, scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, surround /səˈɹaʊnd/, nerve /nɝv/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/, bacterial [bækˈtɪəɹiəɫ], olfactory /ɑlˈfæk.təɹ.i/, riddle /ˈɹɪdəl/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 plaque, inflammatory, infection 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Could Alzheimer's start in our nose? - 通過影片學習英語口語

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