تدريب Shadowing: Could Alzheimer's start in our nose? - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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38 جمل
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There is a theory that Alzheimer's starts in the nose.
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Now I'm not talking here about the fact that Alzheimer's patients tend to lose their sense of smell, often years before they notice any memory loss.
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I'm talking about the idea that maybe the whole thing just starts because of your nose.
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So the thing you've got to know is
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that your brain is locked away from the rest of your body in like a fortress, right?
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Even your blood can't get into your brain without going past
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some really heavy duty bounces in the form of the blood -brain barrier
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but one of the few areas where it has a connection
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to the outside is through your nose right just behind your eyes sitting behind your nose
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there is like a little bit of your skull
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that is covered in tiny holes through
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which your olfactory nerves will dangle to give you your sense of smell it's a bit like
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if you squished play -doh through a colander anyway to see if
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that was a potential route into the brain for infection a group of scientists they took a bunch of mice
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and then squirted chlamydia up their noses um now it was chlamydia pneumonia
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which is a sort of bacterial cousin of um if the one
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that gives you an sti
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but why let facts get in the way of a good
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sentence anyway to their surprise within 72 hours these mice who just had something put into their nose
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had an infection that traveled up into their brains
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that had then triggered the same kind of inflammatory response and plaques that you see in brains that are riddled with alzheimer's
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Another study was looking at stray dogs in Mexico.
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They took some that had lived around areas with lots of really bad pollution
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and then others that had been living in really rural locations.
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And they found in the dogs from the cities,
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inside of their brain were embedded really tiny little flecks of metals thought to have come from exhausts and braking of cars.
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And each one of those fragments was then surrounded again by the same plaques, same inflammatory responses that you end up seeing in Alzheimer's.
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The latest research has been looking at young children
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and adults who also grew up in really heavily polluted areas and found essentially the same thing.
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Stuff that is theorised to have got into the brain, through the nose, kind of sniffed up from the environment around,
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that is then kind of surrounded by these plaques and inflammatory response that you end up seeing in people decades, decades, decades later who have Alzheimer's.
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So here is the theory.
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Maybe one, the whole thing starts way, way, way, way, way before we thought.
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And two, maybe this isn't just something that goes wrong in your brain.
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Maybe the plaques that cause Alzheimer's are what's left over after your brain has fought off an outside invader.
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Interesting, isn't it?
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Anyway, if you want the full rundown, I've done a new scientist column on it, and you can see it on their website.
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Enjoy.

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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “Could Alzheimer's start in our nose?”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: brain, nose, plaques, inflammatory, decades. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 38 جملة و522 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 2:33. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة، نحو 204 كلمة في الدقيقة، لذا ستسمع كثيرًا من وصل الكلمات واختزال الأصوات. 84% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:

الكلمةالنطقالمعنى
inflammatory صفة/ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/تَحْرِيضِيّ
infection اسم/ɪnˈfɛkʃən/عَدَوَى
mouse اسم/maʊs/فَأْرَة, فَأْر
scientist اسم/ˈsaɪəntəst/عَالِم, عَالِمَة
surround فعل/səˈɹaʊnd/أَحَاطَ, حَفَّ
cousin اسم/ˈkʌz(ə)n/اِبْن عَمّ, بِنْت عَمّ
column اسم/ˈkɒləm/عَمُود
trigger اسم/ˈtɹɪɡɚ/زِنَاد
pollution اسم/pəˈluʃən/تَلْوِيث, تَلَوُّث
nerve اسم/nɝv/عَصَب
barrier اسم/ˈbæɹi.ə/حَاجِز
brake اسم/bɹeɪk/فَرَمَلَة, مِكْبَح
exhaust فعل/ɪɡˈzɔst/اِسْتَهْلَكَ, اِسْتَنْفَدَ
fortress اسم/ˈfoɹ.tɹɪs/قَلْعَة, حِصْن
pneumonia اسم/njuˈməʊniə/ذَات اَلرِّئَة, اِلْتِهَاب رِئَوِيّ

القواعد في هذا الفيديو

أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:

التركيبفي الفيديو
المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعلهis locked · is covered · are riddled
المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآنhas fought · I've done

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

يستخدم المتحدث 7 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل I'm, isn't, can't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.

  • أصوات “sh” و“zh”: infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
  • الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, chlamydia /kləˈmɪd.i.ə/, olfactory /ɑlˈfæk.təɹ.i/

أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:

  • /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: plaque /plæk/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/, pollute /pəˈluːt/
  • /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: nerve /nɝv/, invader /ɪnˈveɪ.də(ɹ)/
  • تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: plaque /plæk/, inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/, scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, surround /səˈɹaʊnd/, trigger /ˈtɹɪɡɚ/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

  1. استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
  2. ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
  3. سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل inflammatory, infection, mouse.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

تقنية الشادوينغ: اقرأ الدليل الكامل خطوة بخطوة →