تدريب Shadowing: What if quantum physics could eradicate illness? | Jim Al-Khalili for Big Think - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
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Quantum biology is looking for and studying quantum phenomena, quantum effects inside living cells.
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On the one hand, physicists don't like applying their laws of physics and quantum mechanics inside living systems because biology is hard,
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it's complicated, it's messy.
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It's hard enough trying to find quantum effects in a sterile physics lab.
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How does that sort of quantum behaviour survive inside the noisy, messy, complex environment of a living system?
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So physicists think, no, that's too complicated for us.
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Biologists don't want to think about quantum mechanics because by and large they don't understand the mathematics of quantum mechanics.
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And to be fair, molecular biology and genetics have progressed very well, thank you very much, without any help from quantum mechanics.
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In the middle, between the physicists and the biologists, are the chemists who say, well, of course, once you get down to the level of molecules, you're going to hit the quantum realm at some point.
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So you shouldn't be surprised that there must be some quantum effects.
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Don't go inventing new fields of science just to make it sound sexy somehow.
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There may be quantum effects going on, but that doesn't play a functional role.
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You don't need that to explain how an enzyme catalyzes a particular chemical reaction
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or how bacteria photosynthesizes light and turns it into chemical energy.
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That's all biochemistry and it's all understood.
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My counter argument to that is that it may well be that there are quantum effects.
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For example, quantum tunneling when a particle can jump from A to B in a way that's forbidden in our everyday world, but which is very familiar to us in physics and chemistry,
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that may well play a very fundamental role in certain biochemical processes.
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For example, whether mutations can take place in DNA because a single proton,
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a hydrogen atom, has jumped from one strand of DNA to the other in a way
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that it wouldn't do if we didn't use the rules of quantum mechanics.
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Now this could happen if it's given enough energy by say the surrounding water molecules
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that can nudge it over but it can also quantum tunnel across
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which means it can jump even though it doesn't have enough
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energy to get over the energy barrier they can quantum tunnel
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through the hill like a phantom walking through a brick wall
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now mutations are necessary for life otherwise there will be no change given the current progress we're making in genetics,
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gene editing, in being able to manipulate the building blocks of life down at the molecular scale.
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If quantum tunneling plays an important part,
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might it be possible to inhibit certain mutations by inhibiting the ability of particles to quantum tunnel?
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That would suggest that quantum mechanics plays a role in the entire evolution of life on this planet.
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And that might have huge implications for our health.
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 32 جملة و481 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 3:00. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة طبيعية، نحو 160 كلمة في الدقيقة، قريبة من المحادثة اليومية. 75% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:

الكلمةالنطقالمعنى
mechanic اسم/mɪˈkænɪk/مِيكَانِيكِيّ
tunnel اسم/ˈtʌn(ə)l/نَفَق
physics اسم/ˈfɪz.ɪks/فِيزِيَاء, فِيزِيقَا
biology اسم/baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/عِلْم اَلْأَحْيَاء, بِيُولُوجِيَا
mutation اسم/mjuˈteɪʃən/طَفْرَة
complicated صفة/ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/مُعَقَّد, مُرَكَّب
molecular صفة/məˈlɛk.jə.ləɹ/جُزَيْئِيّ
particle اسم/ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/جُسَيْم, ذَرَّة
genetics اسم/dʒəˈnɛt.ɪks/عِلْمُ وِرَاثَة, وِرَاثِيَّات
molecule اسم/ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/جُزَيْء
sexy صفة/ˈsɛksi/جَذَّاب, جِنْسِيّ
evolution اسم/ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/تَطَوُّر
gene اسم/d͡ʒiːn/مُوَرِّثَة, جِين
chemistry اسم/ˈkɛm.ɪ.stɹi/كِيمِيَاء
fundamental صفة/ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/أَسَاسِيّ

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

يستخدم المتحدث 12 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل don't, doesn't, didn't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.

  • أصوات “sh” و“zh”: mutation /mjuˈteɪʃən/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
  • الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, molecular /məˈlɛk.jə.ləɹ/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

  1. استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
  2. ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
  3. سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل mechanic, tunnel, physics.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

تقنية الشادوينغ: اقرأ الدليل الكامل خطوة بخطوة →