跟读练习: What if quantum physics could eradicate illness? | Jim Al-Khalili for Big Think - 通过视频学习英语口语
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32 句
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Quantum biology is looking for and studying quantum phenomena, quantum effects inside living cells.
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On the one hand, physicists don't like applying their laws of physics and quantum mechanics inside living systems because biology is hard,
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it's complicated, it's messy.
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It's hard enough trying to find quantum effects in a sterile physics lab.
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How does that sort of quantum behaviour survive inside the noisy, messy, complex environment of a living system?
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So physicists think, no, that's too complicated for us.
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Biologists don't want to think about quantum mechanics because by and large they don't understand the mathematics of quantum mechanics.
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And to be fair, molecular biology and genetics have progressed very well, thank you very much, without any help from quantum mechanics.
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In the middle, between the physicists and the biologists, are the chemists who say, well, of course, once you get down to the level of molecules, you're going to hit the quantum realm at some point.
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So you shouldn't be surprised that there must be some quantum effects.
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Don't go inventing new fields of science just to make it sound sexy somehow.
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There may be quantum effects going on, but that doesn't play a functional role.
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You don't need that to explain how an enzyme catalyzes a particular chemical reaction
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or how bacteria photosynthesizes light and turns it into chemical energy.
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That's all biochemistry and it's all understood.
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My counter argument to that is that it may well be that there are quantum effects.
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For example, quantum tunneling when a particle can jump from A to B in a way that's forbidden in our everyday world, but which is very familiar to us in physics and chemistry,
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that may well play a very fundamental role in certain biochemical processes.
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For example, whether mutations can take place in DNA because a single proton,
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a hydrogen atom, has jumped from one strand of DNA to the other in a way
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that it wouldn't do if we didn't use the rules of quantum mechanics.
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Now this could happen if it's given enough energy by say the surrounding water molecules
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that can nudge it over but it can also quantum tunnel across
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which means it can jump even though it doesn't have enough
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energy to get over the energy barrier they can quantum tunnel
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through the hill like a phantom walking through a brick wall
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now mutations are necessary for life otherwise there will be no change given the current progress we're making in genetics,
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gene editing, in being able to manipulate the building blocks of life down at the molecular scale.
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If quantum tunneling plays an important part,
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might it be possible to inhibit certain mutations by inhibiting the ability of particles to quantum tunnel?
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That would suggest that quantum mechanics plays a role in the entire evolution of life on this planet.
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And that might have huge implications for our health.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 32 个句子、481 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 3:00。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 160 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 75% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| quantum 名词 | /ˈkwɑntəm/ | 量 |
| mechanic 名词 | /mɪˈkænɪk/ | 技工, 機械工 /机械工 |
| tunnel 名词 | /ˈtʌn(ə)l/ | 隧道, 地下道 |
| physics 名词 | /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ | 物理學 /物理学 |
| biology 名词 | /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | 生物學 /生物学 |
| mutation 名词 | /mjuˈteɪʃən/ | 突變 /突变, 變種 /变种 |
| complicated 形容词 | /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ | 複雜 /复杂 |
| particle 名词 | /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/ | 粒子 |
| messy 形容词 | /ˈmɛsi/ | 凌亂 |
| genetics 名词 | /dʒəˈnɛt.ɪks/ | 遺傳學 /遗传学 |
| molecule 名词 | /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/ | 分子 |
| everyday 形容词 | /ˈɛvɹiˌdeɪ/ | 日常的 |
| sexy 形容词 | /ˈsɛksi/ | 性感 |
| evolution 名词 | /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ | 演變 /演变, 變遷 /变迁 |
| gene 名词 | /d͡ʒiːn/ | 基因 |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 12 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, doesn't, didn't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: mutation /mjuˈteɪʃən/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, molecular /məˈlɛk.jə.ləɹ/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 quantum, mechanic, tunnel 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。