Shadowing Practice: Could Alzheimer's start in our nose? - Learn English Speaking with Video
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There is a theory that Alzheimer's starts in the nose.
Existe una teoría que sostiene que el Alzheimer comienza en la nariz.
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Now I'm not talking here about the fact that Alzheimer's patients tend to lose their sense of smell, often years before they notice any memory loss.
No me refiero aquí al hecho de que los pacientes con Alzheimer tienden a perder el sentido del olfato, a menudo años antes de que noten cualquier pérdida de memoria.
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I'm talking about the idea that maybe the whole thing just starts because of your nose.
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So the thing you've got to know is
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that your brain is locked away from the rest of your body in like a fortress, right?
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Even your blood can't get into your brain without going past
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some really heavy duty bounces in the form of the blood -brain barrier
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but one of the few areas where it has a connection
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to the outside is through your nose right just behind your eyes sitting behind your nose
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there is like a little bit of your skull
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that is covered in tiny holes through
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which your olfactory nerves will dangle to give you your sense of smell it's a bit like
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if you squished play -doh through a colander anyway to see if
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that was a potential route into the brain for infection a group of scientists they took a bunch of mice
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and then squirted chlamydia up their noses um now it was chlamydia pneumonia
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which is a sort of bacterial cousin of um if the one
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that gives you an sti
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but why let facts get in the way of a good
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sentence anyway to their surprise within 72 hours these mice who just had something put into their nose
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had an infection that traveled up into their brains
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that had then triggered the same kind of inflammatory response and plaques that you see in brains that are riddled with alzheimer's
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Another study was looking at stray dogs in Mexico.
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They took some that had lived around areas with lots of really bad pollution
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and then others that had been living in really rural locations.
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And they found in the dogs from the cities,
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inside of their brain were embedded really tiny little flecks of metals thought to have come from exhausts and braking of cars.
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And each one of those fragments was then surrounded again by the same plaques, same inflammatory responses that you end up seeing in Alzheimer's.
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The latest research has been looking at young children
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and adults who also grew up in really heavily polluted areas and found essentially the same thing.
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Stuff that is theorised to have got into the brain, through the nose, kind of sniffed up from the environment around,
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that is then kind of surrounded by these plaques and inflammatory response that you end up seeing in people decades, decades, decades later who have Alzheimer's.
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So here is the theory.
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Maybe one, the whole thing starts way, way, way, way, way before we thought.
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And two, maybe this isn't just something that goes wrong in your brain.
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Maybe the plaques that cause Alzheimer's are what's left over after your brain has fought off an outside invader.
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Interesting, isn't it?
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Anyway, if you want the full rundown, I've done a new scientist column on it, and you can see it on their website.
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Enjoy.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “Could Alzheimer's start in our nose?”. Las palabras que más se repiten: brain, nose, plaques, inflammatory, decades. Este vídeo tiene 38 frases y 522 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 2:33. El hablante habla rápido, unas 204 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. El 84 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| plaque sustantivo | /plæk/ | placa |
| inflammatory adjetivo | /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/ | inflamatorio |
| infection sustantivo | /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/ | infección, infición |
| mouse sustantivo | /maʊs/ | ratón, laucha |
| scientist sustantivo | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | científico, científica |
| surround verbo | /səˈɹaʊnd/ | envolver, cercar |
| essentially adverbio | /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/ | esencialmente, en esencia |
| cousin sustantivo | /ˈkʌz(ə)n/ | primo, prima |
| column sustantivo | /ˈkɒləm/ | columna, pilastra |
| trigger sustantivo | /ˈtɹɪɡɚ/ | gatillo, perrillo |
| pollution sustantivo | /pəˈluʃən/ | polución, contaminación |
| nerve sustantivo | /nɝv/ | nervio |
| barrier sustantivo | /ˈbæɹi.ə/ | barrera |
| bounce verbo | /baʊns/ | rebotar, repercutir |
| brake sustantivo | /bɹeɪk/ | freno, arretranca |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| end up verbo | terminar, ir a parar |
| go past verbo | traspasar, rebasar |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | is locked · is covered · are riddled |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | has fought · I've done |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 7 contracciones y formas reducidas, como I'm, isn't, can't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, chlamydia /kləˈmɪd.i.ə/, olfactory /ɑlˈfæk.təɹ.i/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: stray /stɹeɪ/, sniff /snɪf/, squirt /skwɝt/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: nerve /nɝv/, invader /ɪnˈveɪ.də(ɹ)/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: cousin /ˈkʌz(ə)n/, exhaust /ɪɡˈzɔst/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como plaque, inflammatory, infection.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.