シャドーイング練習: Could Alzheimer's start in our nose? - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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There is a theory that Alzheimer's starts in the nose.

Now I'm not talking here about the fact that Alzheimer's patients tend to lose their sense of smell, often years before they notice any memory loss.

I'm talking about the idea that maybe the whole thing just starts because of your nose.

So the thing you've got to know is

that your brain is locked away from the rest of your body in like a fortress, right?

Even your blood can't get into your brain without going past

some really heavy duty bounces in the form of the blood -brain barrier

but one of the few areas where it has a connection

to the outside is through your nose right just behind your eyes sitting behind your nose

there is like a little bit of your skull

that is covered in tiny holes through

which your olfactory nerves will dangle to give you your sense of smell it's a bit like

if you squished play -doh through a colander anyway to see if

that was a potential route into the brain for infection a group of scientists they took a bunch of mice

and then squirted chlamydia up their noses um now it was chlamydia pneumonia

which is a sort of bacterial cousin of um if the one

that gives you an sti

but why let facts get in the way of a good

sentence anyway to their surprise within 72 hours these mice who just had something put into their nose

had an infection that traveled up into their brains

that had then triggered the same kind of inflammatory response and plaques that you see in brains that are riddled with alzheimer's

Another study was looking at stray dogs in Mexico.

They took some that had lived around areas with lots of really bad pollution

and then others that had been living in really rural locations.

And they found in the dogs from the cities,

inside of their brain were embedded really tiny little flecks of metals thought to have come from exhausts and braking of cars.

And each one of those fragments was then surrounded again by the same plaques, same inflammatory responses that you end up seeing in Alzheimer's.

The latest research has been looking at young children

and adults who also grew up in really heavily polluted areas and found essentially the same thing.

Stuff that is theorised to have got into the brain, through the nose, kind of sniffed up from the environment around,

that is then kind of surrounded by these plaques and inflammatory response that you end up seeing in people decades, decades, decades later who have Alzheimer's.

So here is the theory.

Maybe one, the whole thing starts way, way, way, way, way before we thought.

And two, maybe this isn't just something that goes wrong in your brain.

Maybe the plaques that cause Alzheimer's are what's left over after your brain has fought off an outside invader.

Interesting, isn't it?

Anyway, if you want the full rundown, I've done a new scientist column on it, and you can see it on their website.

Enjoy.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Could Alzheimer's start in our nose?」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：brain, nose, plaques, inflammatory, decades。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が38文、単語が522語あります。音声の長さは2:33です。話す速さは速く、1分あたり約204語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。単語の84%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
infection 名詞	/ɪnˈfɛkʃən/	伝染
mouse 名詞	/maʊs/	鼠, ネズミ
scientist 名詞	/ˈsaɪəntəst/	科学者
surround 動詞	/səˈɹaʊnd/	囲む, 取り巻く
cousin 名詞	/ˈkʌz(ə)n/	いとこ, 従兄弟
column 名詞	/ˈkɒləm/	柱
trigger 名詞	/ˈtɹɪɡɚ/	引き金, 鉷
pollution 名詞	/pəˈluʃən/	汚染
nerve 名詞	/nɝv/	神経
barrier 名詞	/ˈbæɹi.ə/	障壁
brake 名詞	/bɹeɪk/	ブレーキ, 制動機
exhaust 動詞	/ɪɡˈzɔst/	使い尽くす, 尽くす
fortress 名詞	/ˈfoɹ.tɹɪs/	要塞, 城塞
pneumonia 名詞	/njuˈməʊniə/	肺炎
fragment 名詞	/ˈfɹæɡmənt/	断片, 破片

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	is locked · is covered · are riddled
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	has fought · I've done

注意したい発音

話し手はI'm, isn't, can'tなど、短縮形や弱形を7回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「sh」と「zh」の音: infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, chlamydia /kləˈmɪd.i.ə/, olfactory /ɑlˈfæk.təɹ.i/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/, bacterial [bækˈtɪəɹiəɫ], olfactory /ɑlˈfæk.təɹ.i/, riddle /ˈɹɪdəl/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: nerve /nɝv/, invader /ɪnˈveɪ.də(ɹ)/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, fortress /ˈfoɹ.tɹɪs/, fragment /ˈfɹæɡmənt/, fleck /flɛk/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。infection, mouse, scientistなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Could Alzheimer's start in our nose? - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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