跟读练习: Could Alzheimer's start in our nose? - 通过视频学习英语口语

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There is a theory that Alzheimer's starts in the nose.

Now I'm not talking here about the fact that Alzheimer's patients tend to lose their sense of smell, often years before they notice any memory loss.

I'm talking about the idea that maybe the whole thing just starts because of your nose.

So the thing you've got to know is

that your brain is locked away from the rest of your body in like a fortress, right?

Even your blood can't get into your brain without going past

some really heavy duty bounces in the form of the blood -brain barrier

but one of the few areas where it has a connection

to the outside is through your nose right just behind your eyes sitting behind your nose

there is like a little bit of your skull

that is covered in tiny holes through

which your olfactory nerves will dangle to give you your sense of smell it's a bit like

if you squished play -doh through a colander anyway to see if

that was a potential route into the brain for infection a group of scientists they took a bunch of mice

and then squirted chlamydia up their noses um now it was chlamydia pneumonia

which is a sort of bacterial cousin of um if the one

that gives you an sti

but why let facts get in the way of a good

sentence anyway to their surprise within 72 hours these mice who just had something put into their nose

had an infection that traveled up into their brains

that had then triggered the same kind of inflammatory response and plaques that you see in brains that are riddled with alzheimer's

Another study was looking at stray dogs in Mexico.

They took some that had lived around areas with lots of really bad pollution

and then others that had been living in really rural locations.

And they found in the dogs from the cities,

inside of their brain were embedded really tiny little flecks of metals thought to have come from exhausts and braking of cars.

And each one of those fragments was then surrounded again by the same plaques, same inflammatory responses that you end up seeing in Alzheimer's.

The latest research has been looking at young children

and adults who also grew up in really heavily polluted areas and found essentially the same thing.

Stuff that is theorised to have got into the brain, through the nose, kind of sniffed up from the environment around,

that is then kind of surrounded by these plaques and inflammatory response that you end up seeing in people decades, decades, decades later who have Alzheimer's.

So here is the theory.

Maybe one, the whole thing starts way, way, way, way, way before we thought.

And two, maybe this isn't just something that goes wrong in your brain.

Maybe the plaques that cause Alzheimer's are what's left over after your brain has fought off an outside invader.

Interesting, isn't it?

Anyway, if you want the full rundown, I've done a new scientist column on it, and you can see it on their website.

Enjoy.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“Could Alzheimer's start in our nose?”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：brain, nose, plaques, inflammatory, decades。这段视频共有 38 个句子、522 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 2:33。说话人语速较快，每分钟约 204 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 84% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
plaque 名词	/plæk/	匾額 /匾额
inflammatory 形容词	/ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/	激發性 /激发性
infection 名词	/ɪnˈfɛkʃən/	傳染 /传染
mouse 名词	/maʊs/	лочў, 鳥鼠 /鸟鼠
scientist 名词	/ˈsaɪəntəst/	科學家 /科学家
surround 动词	/səˈɹaʊnd/	包圍 /包围, 圍繞 /围绕
essentially 副词	/ɪˈsɛnʃəli/	本質上 /本质上, 基本上
cousin 名词	/ˈkʌz(ə)n/	堂兄, 堂哥
column 名词	/ˈkɒləm/	柱子, 柱
trigger 名词	/ˈtɹɪɡɚ/	扳機 /扳机
pollution 名词	/pəˈluʃən/	污染
nerve 名词	/nɝv/	神經 /神经
barrier 名词	/ˈbæɹi.ə/	障, 柵欄 /栅栏
brake 名词	/bɹeɪk/	剎車 /刹车, 制動器 /制动器
exhaust 动词	/ɪɡˈzɔst/	抽完

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
end up 动词	到达
go past 动词	經過 /经过, 路過 /路过

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	is locked · is covered · are riddled
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	has fought · I've done

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 7 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 I'm, isn't, can't。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
长单词——注意重音位置: inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, chlamydia /kləˈmɪd.i.ə/, olfactory /ɑlˈfæk.təɹ.i/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: nerve /nɝv/, invader /ɪnˈveɪ.də(ɹ)/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: plaque /plæk/, mouse /maʊs/, scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, surround /səˈɹaʊnd/, nerve /nɝv/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/, bacterial [bækˈtɪəɹiəɫ], olfactory /ɑlˈfæk.təɹ.i/, riddle /ˈɹɪdəl/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 plaque, inflammatory, infection 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: Could Alzheimer's start in our nose? - 通过视频学习英语口语

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