跟讀練習: What is AL amyloidosis? - 通過影片學習英語口語
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Amyloidosis is the term used to describe a group of diseases in
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which deposits of an abnormal protein called amyloid form in tissues and organs throughout the body.
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Proteins are important molecules involved in almost every structure and function within our cells.
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They are made up of chains of smaller units called amino acids which fold themselves into three -dimensional structures.
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Folding allows the protein to work properly and interact with other molecules.
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In amyloidosis proteins are made in the normal way but when they are released from the cell they open up again.
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These abnormally folded proteins collect together in long chains or fibrils.
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The deposits they form are called amyloid.
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Amyloid fibrils are difficult to break down and as they accumulate, they start to cause damage.
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Eventually the build -up of amyloid fibrils stops the affected tissue from working properly.
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AL amyloidosis is caused by a bone marrow disorder.
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The bone marrow produces blood cells, including plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that forms part of the immune system.
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Plasma The cells make antibodies to help fight infection.
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Each antibody is made up of four protein chains, two heavy chains and two light chains, which attach to each other to form the complete antibody.
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In AL amyloidosis, the abnormal protein that builds up and causes problems is the antibody light chain,
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hence the name, AL amyloidosis.
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Instead of attaching to heavy chains, the abnormal light chains open up and bind to other abnormal light chains to form amyloid fibrils.
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These gradually build up over time.
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Amyloid light chain fibrils can occur almost anywhere in the body, but the organs most commonly affected include the kidneys,
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the heart, liver, spleen, nerves and the digestive system.
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Treatment for AL amyloidosis involves chemotherapy, steroids, high -dose therapy and stem cell transplant and other drugs.
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Treatment is aimed at reducing the plasma cells to stop further amyloid light chains being made
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that would otherwise build up in tissues and organs.
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It also gives the body a chance to break down existing deposits naturally.
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However, on its own, this process can take many months or years.
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New treatments which break down the amyloid deposits more quickly are currently being tested in AL amyloidosis.
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The hope is that they can reduce symptoms and restore function quickly, and in doing so, improve quality of life for patients.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“What is AL amyloidosis?”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：chain, amyloid, cell, amyloidosis, protein。 這段影片共有 27 個句子、394 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 2:58。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 133 個詞，很適合跟讀。 只有 73% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| deposit 名詞 | /dɪˈpɑ.zɪt/ | 沉積 /沉積 |
| abnormal 形容詞 | /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/ | 異常 /異常 |
| tissue 名詞 | /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ | 紙巾 |
| organ 名詞 | /ˈɔːɡən/ | 器官 |
| fold 動詞 | /ˈfəʊld/ | 摺 /折, 折疊 /摺疊 |
| plasma 名詞 | /ˈplæzmə/ | 等離子體 /等離子體 |
| bone 名詞 | /boʊn/ | гўдў, гўдўзы |
| attach 動詞 | /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ | 附上, 附 |
| molecule 名詞 | /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/ | 分子 |
| marrow 名詞 | /ˈmæɹəʊ/ | 髓, 骨髓 |
| occur 動詞 | /əˈkɜː/ | 發生 /發生 |
| acid 名詞 | /ˈæsɪd/ | 酸 |
| commonly 副詞 | /ˈkɑmənli/ | 通常 |
| hence 副詞 | /ˈhɛns/ | 從這裡 /從這裡, 從這兒 /從這兒 |
| collect 動詞 | /ˈkɑlɪkt/ | 庋藏, 收藏 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| break down 動詞 | 壞了 /壞了, 出故障 |
需要注意的發音
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/, chemotherapy /ˌkiːməʊˈθɛɹəpi/, amyloidosis /æmɪlɔɪˈdəʊsɪs/, antibody /ˈæn.tɪˌbɑ.di/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/, nerve /nɝv/, digestive /daɪˈdʒɛstɪv/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: deposit /dɪˈpɑ.zɪt/, fold /ˈfəʊld/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, acid /ˈæsɪd/, hence /ˈhɛns/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: abnormal /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, gradually /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/, transplant /tɹænzˈplænt/, fibril /ˈfaɪbɹ(ə)l/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 deposit, abnormal, tissue 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。