تدريب Shadowing: Third Speaker - Debating Role - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
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Hello and welcome to Deliberate Debating.
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Today we're going to be having a look at the third speaker for both the affirmative and the negative team.
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We're going to be having a look at the order in
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which they say things and some examples of what to say if you are the third speaker.
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General information.
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You're going to be the last speaker for your team.
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Your aim is really to overview the main themes and ideas of the debate so far, really focusing in on your team,
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how your team's arguments and debate have been superior.
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You will be using the team split to summarise what's been said thus far.
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That will take up about one to two minutes of your speech.
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Know the team line.
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Use the team line as often as you can in your speech by rephrasing it
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and slipping it in either as linking sentences or sometimes even as topic sentences.
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As the third speaker you will be thinking on your toes a lot.
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Most of your speech you will not know until the night.
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This means that you need to come prepared with lots of blank cue cards,
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fill them in on the night and really be confident in how you speak and what you say.
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Outline of the speech.
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So as the third speaker there are three things that you will be doing.
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The first thing is doing a rebuttal.
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Now this rebuttal includes the outline of the key issues during the whole debate
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and it also means a general rebuttal and rebutting the rebuttals if it's required.
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We'll get into that in a moment.
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The second thing you will do is summarize the key arguments.
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This should be 20 % or one to two minutes of your speech.
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It's really important in your speech that you end on a strong statement,
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something powerful that will leave the audience thinking that there is no way the other team are correct.
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Okay, step one is a rebuttal.
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The first thing that you will be doing is to outline the key points, arguments and issues within the debate.
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This means going over what the opposition team have said and rebutting what it is that they've argued.
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This does include the opposing teams rebutting something that your team has said.
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So the rebuttals can go back and forth between the teams
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and this is your last chance to prove why your team is correct in that particular issue.
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Attack the arguments made by the opposition.
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Use evidence, logic and reason to prove the opposition that they are wrong.
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Remain professional in your rebuttals.
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Remember that this isn't personal, it is a debate.
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Where possible, plan for the rebuttals.
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Put yourself in the opposition's shoes and really stop and think about what they might be arguing, what evidence they might find,
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and find some counter -arguments and counter -evidence to help you before the debate.
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Go to the debate with lots of blank cue cards
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because you do have the opportunity while speakers are talking to write out the rebuttals that you will say.
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So here's an example of a rebuttal.
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It's by no means complete, but it's a nice start.
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The affirmative team have continuously and erroneously stated that screen time is harmful to children.
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As we have substantiated repeatedly, screen time is a powerful tool which can be harnessed to improve child development,
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as seen through the use of learning apps, and it can be used to teach communication amongst other vital life skills.
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We cannot remove these modern and significant devices from children's hands due to a few neglectful parents.
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Society has embraced technology and so should children.
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The advantages that our children can gain from technology can benefit the child,
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the parents, and in the long run, society and our world.
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Step number two, summarise the key arguments.
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Here, your task is to summarise and emphasise the team split and line.
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These have already been stated by the first and second speaker,
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and what you're really doing is giving a nice overview and summary of what they've said.
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You should outline your team's case and spend around two to three minutes summarising what they've said.
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So, here's an example.
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You can have no doubt left that technology is helpful and has added to the development of our relationships, our culture and our society.
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As the first speaker stated, social media has assisted in enhancing and improving relationships.
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Research and data is supporting this argument, finding that social media users place more trust in their friends.
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Who can distrust technology for encouraging more love and more care in our world?
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Technology assists in creating friends, making friends, providing opportunities for those who are disabled,
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or even those who suffer from anxiety to reach out and communicate.
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Our first speaker also presented the argument that
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The third and final thing that you will do as the third speaker is to end on a strong statement.
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This is going to be the final comment for your team
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so we want it to really hit the audience in the adjudicator hard.
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Begin with the team line.
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and then move to a logical and emotive statement to really resonate with the audience and adjudicator.
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Let's have a look at an example.
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Technology has helped our society and should not be accused of hurting our lives and our relationships.
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In fact, technology has added to our understanding of the world, each other, and enhanced our relationships with beloved friends and family.
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I ask you, where would we be today without technology?
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Why would we move backwards in development, knowledge and social life?
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Technology is the single most greatest development that the world has ever seen.
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And it can only get better from here.
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Better for you, better for your family, better for your friends and everyone else that you hold dear.
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Thank you for listening.
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The third and final thing that you will do as the third speaker is to end on a strong statement.
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This is going to be the final comment for your team, so we want it to really hit the audience and the adjudicator hard.
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Begin with the team line and then move to a logical and emotive statement to really resonate with the audience and adjudicator.
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Let's have a look at an example.
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Technology has helped our society and should not be accused of hurting our lives and our relationships.
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In fact, technology has added to our understanding of the world, each other, and enhanced our relationships with beloved friends and family.
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I ask you, where would we be today without technology?
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Why would we move backwards in development, knowledge, and social life?
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Technology is the single most greatest development that the world has ever seen.
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And it can only get better from here better for you, better for your family, better for your friends and everyone else that you hold dear.
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Thank you for listening.
تنزيل التطبيق
كل ما تحتاجه للتحدث بطلاقة
تقييم النطق بالذكاء الاصطناعيتقييم كل جملة
تدريب IPAأتقن كل صوت
المفرداتابنِ رصيدك من الكلمات
لعبة المفرداتتعلّم أثناء اللعب
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “Third Speaker - Debating Role”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: technology, speaker, rebuttal, argument, debate. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 89 جملة و1160 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 6:53. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة طبيعية، نحو 168 كلمة في الدقيقة، قريبة من المحادثة اليومية. 89% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات سهلة المتابعة.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| argue فعل | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | جَادَلَ, حَاجَّ |
| beloved صفة | /bɪˈlʌvd/ | مَحْبُوب |
| logical صفة | /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ | مَنْطِقِيّ |
| accuse فعل | /əˈkjuz/ | اِتَّهَمَ |
| topic اسم | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | مَوْضُوع, مَوَاضِيع |
| superior صفة | /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/ | أَجْدَر, مُتَفَوِّق |
| anxiety اسم | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | قَلَق |
| encourage فعل | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | شَجَّعَ |
| suffer فعل | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | تَأَلَّمَ, عَانَى |
| helpful صفة | /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ | نَافِع, مُفِيد |
| skill اسم | /skɪl/ | مَهَارَة |
| vital صفة | /ˈvaɪtəl/ | حَيَوِيّ |
| summary اسم | /ˈsʌm.ə.ɹi/ | خُلَاصَة, مُلَخَّص |
| slip فعل | /ˈslɪp/ | اِنْزَلَقَ |
| shoe اسم | /ˈʃu/ | حِذَاء, نَعْل |
جمل تستحق التكرار
جمل قصيرة وكاملة من الفيديو يمكنك استخدامها في الحديث اليومي:
- We'll get into that in a moment.
- Let's have a look at an example.
- I ask you, where would we be today without technology?
- Why would we move backwards in development, knowledge and social life?
- Why would we move backwards in development, knowledge, and social life?
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | have been · what's been said · have said |
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | been said · can be harnessed · been stated |
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | tool which can · those who are · those who suffer |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 9 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل they've, we're, you're. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: shoe /ˈʃu/, substantiate /səbˈstænʃieɪt/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: affirmative /əˈfɝməɾɪv/, superior /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: topic /ˈtɑpɪk/, superior /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, slip /ˈslɪp/, repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: beloved /bɪˈlʌvd/, overview /ˈoʊ.vɚˌvjuː/, affirmative /əˈfɝməɾɪv/, vital /ˈvaɪtəl/, emotive /ɪˈməʊtɪv/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: enhance /ɪnˈhæns/, argue /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/, assist /əˈsɪst/, beloved /bɪˈlʌvd/, blank /ˈblæŋk/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل argue, beloved, logical.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.