Практика Shadowing: Third Speaker - Debating Role - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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Hello and welcome to Deliberate Debating.
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Today we're going to be having a look at the third speaker for both the affirmative and the negative team.
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We're going to be having a look at the order in
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which they say things and some examples of what to say if you are the third speaker.
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General information.
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You're going to be the last speaker for your team.
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Your aim is really to overview the main themes and ideas of the debate so far, really focusing in on your team,
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how your team's arguments and debate have been superior.
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You will be using the team split to summarise what's been said thus far.
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That will take up about one to two minutes of your speech.
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Know the team line.
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Use the team line as often as you can in your speech by rephrasing it
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and slipping it in either as linking sentences or sometimes even as topic sentences.
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As the third speaker you will be thinking on your toes a lot.
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Most of your speech you will not know until the night.
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This means that you need to come prepared with lots of blank cue cards,
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fill them in on the night and really be confident in how you speak and what you say.
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Outline of the speech.
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So as the third speaker there are three things that you will be doing.
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The first thing is doing a rebuttal.
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Now this rebuttal includes the outline of the key issues during the whole debate
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and it also means a general rebuttal and rebutting the rebuttals if it's required.
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We'll get into that in a moment.
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The second thing you will do is summarize the key arguments.
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This should be 20 % or one to two minutes of your speech.
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It's really important in your speech that you end on a strong statement,
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something powerful that will leave the audience thinking that there is no way the other team are correct.
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Okay, step one is a rebuttal.
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The first thing that you will be doing is to outline the key points, arguments and issues within the debate.
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This means going over what the opposition team have said and rebutting what it is that they've argued.
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This does include the opposing teams rebutting something that your team has said.
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So the rebuttals can go back and forth between the teams
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and this is your last chance to prove why your team is correct in that particular issue.
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Attack the arguments made by the opposition.
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Use evidence, logic and reason to prove the opposition that they are wrong.
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Remain professional in your rebuttals.
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Remember that this isn't personal, it is a debate.
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Where possible, plan for the rebuttals.
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Put yourself in the opposition's shoes and really stop and think about what they might be arguing, what evidence they might find,
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and find some counter -arguments and counter -evidence to help you before the debate.
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Go to the debate with lots of blank cue cards
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because you do have the opportunity while speakers are talking to write out the rebuttals that you will say.
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So here's an example of a rebuttal.
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It's by no means complete, but it's a nice start.
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The affirmative team have continuously and erroneously stated that screen time is harmful to children.
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As we have substantiated repeatedly, screen time is a powerful tool which can be harnessed to improve child development,
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as seen through the use of learning apps, and it can be used to teach communication amongst other vital life skills.
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We cannot remove these modern and significant devices from children's hands due to a few neglectful parents.
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Society has embraced technology and so should children.
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The advantages that our children can gain from technology can benefit the child,
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the parents, and in the long run, society and our world.
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Step number two, summarise the key arguments.
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Here, your task is to summarise and emphasise the team split and line.
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These have already been stated by the first and second speaker,
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and what you're really doing is giving a nice overview and summary of what they've said.
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You should outline your team's case and spend around two to three minutes summarising what they've said.
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So, here's an example.
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You can have no doubt left that technology is helpful and has added to the development of our relationships, our culture and our society.
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As the first speaker stated, social media has assisted in enhancing and improving relationships.
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Research and data is supporting this argument, finding that social media users place more trust in their friends.
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Who can distrust technology for encouraging more love and more care in our world?
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Technology assists in creating friends, making friends, providing opportunities for those who are disabled,
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or even those who suffer from anxiety to reach out and communicate.
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Our first speaker also presented the argument that
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The third and final thing that you will do as the third speaker is to end on a strong statement.
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This is going to be the final comment for your team
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so we want it to really hit the audience in the adjudicator hard.
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Begin with the team line.
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and then move to a logical and emotive statement to really resonate with the audience and adjudicator.
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Let's have a look at an example.
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Technology has helped our society and should not be accused of hurting our lives and our relationships.
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In fact, technology has added to our understanding of the world, each other, and enhanced our relationships with beloved friends and family.
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I ask you, where would we be today without technology?
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Why would we move backwards in development, knowledge and social life?
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Technology is the single most greatest development that the world has ever seen.
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And it can only get better from here.
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Better for you, better for your family, better for your friends and everyone else that you hold dear.
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Thank you for listening.
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The third and final thing that you will do as the third speaker is to end on a strong statement.
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This is going to be the final comment for your team, so we want it to really hit the audience and the adjudicator hard.
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Begin with the team line and then move to a logical and emotive statement to really resonate with the audience and adjudicator.
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Let's have a look at an example.
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Technology has helped our society and should not be accused of hurting our lives and our relationships.
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In fact, technology has added to our understanding of the world, each other, and enhanced our relationships with beloved friends and family.
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I ask you, where would we be today without technology?
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Why would we move backwards in development, knowledge, and social life?
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Technology is the single most greatest development that the world has ever seen.
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And it can only get better from here better for you, better for your family, better for your friends and everyone else that you hold dear.
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Thank you for listening.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «Third Speaker - Debating Role». Чаще всего повторяются слова: technology, speaker, rebuttal, argument, debate. В этом видео 89 предложений и 1160 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 6:53. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 168 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. 89% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика простая.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| outline существительное | /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ | ко́нтур, очерта́ние |
| enhance глагол | /ɪnˈhæns/ | увели́чивать, увели́чить |
| argue глагол | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | спо́рить, обсужда́ть |
| assist глагол | /əˈsɪst/ | помога́ть, помо́чь |
| beloved прилагательное | /bɪˈlʌvd/ | возлю́бленный, люби́мый |
| blank существительное | /ˈblæŋk/ | загото́вка, болва́нка |
| logical прилагательное | /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ | логи́ческий |
| overview существительное | /ˈoʊ.vɚˌvjuː/ | обозре́ние |
| accuse глагол | /əˈkjuz/ | вини́ть, обвиня́ть |
| backward прилагательное | /ˈbækwɚd/ | наза́д, обра́тно |
| affirmative прилагательное | /əˈfɝməɾɪv/ | утверди́тельный |
| topic существительное | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | те́ма, предме́т |
| superior прилагательное | /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/ | вышестоя́щий, вы́сший |
| anxiety существительное | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | беспоко́йство, трево́га |
| encourage глагол | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | ободря́ть, обо́дрить |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| go back глагол | возвраща́ться, возврати́ться |
| reach out глагол | связаться |
| see through глагол | ви́деть наскво́зь |
| write out глагол | писа́ть по́лностью |
Фразы, которые стоит повторять
Короткие законченные фразы из видео, которые пригодятся в повседневном разговоре:
- We'll get into that in a moment.
- Let's have a look at an example.
- I ask you, where would we be today without technology?
- Why would we move backwards in development, knowledge and social life?
- Why would we move backwards in development, knowledge, and social life?
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | have been · what's been said · have said |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | been said · can be harnessed · been stated |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | tool which can · those who are · those who suffer |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 9 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например they've, we're, you're. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: shoe /ˈʃu/, substantiate /səbˈstænʃieɪt/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: affirmative /əˈfɝməɾɪv/, superior /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: enhance /ɪnˈhæns/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/, harness /ˈhɑɹ.nəs/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: beloved /bɪˈlʌvd/, accuse /əˈkjuz/, backward /ˈbækwɚd/, affirmative /əˈfɝməɾɪv/, encourage /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как outline, enhance, argue.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.